浸润性乳腺癌HDAC1mRNA表达的临床病理意义

目的 探讨浸润性乳腺癌组织中组蛋白去乙酰化酶1(HDAC1)蛋白质水平和分子水平mRNA的表达意义及其与临床病理特征之间存在的相关性.方法 分别应用EnVision两步法免疫组化和RT-PCR方法检测乳腺浸润性导管癌和乳腺良性增生HDAC1蛋白和HDAC1 mRNA的表达,并分析其与临床病理特征的关系,同时与Her-2蛋白表达结果比较分析.结果 (1)乳腺浸润性导管癌中,HDAC1蛋白高表达率为35.83%(43/120),对照组20例乳腺增生病变中HDAC1低表达或不表达,两者之间差异有显著性;(2)HDAC1 mRNA阳性率为63.33%(38/60),高于免疫组化法;(3)乳腺癌中HDAC1表达与Her-2(55.26%)的表达有相关性(P<0.05).结论 (1)HDAC1蛋白在乳腺癌和乳腺良性增生性病变中有差异,HDAC1在浸润性乳腺癌的发生、发展中起重要作用,对判断预后有积极意义;(2)RT-PCR方法检测结果更可靠、更敏感;(3)HDAC1抑制剂有望成为乳腺癌患者治疗的新靶向药物.     

卵巢浆液性癌两级组织学分级系统的评估及p53蛋白过表达的意义

目的 评估卵巢浆液性癌的M.D.Anderson肿瘤中心(MDACC)的两级组织学分级系统在临床诊断和预后判断中的可行性和有效性,并与WHO组织学分级系统进行比较,同时探讨p53蛋白对卵巢浆液性癌分级的辅助作用及其在预后与治疗中的意义.方法 对72例卵巢浆液性癌患者病理资料进行MDACC两级分级和WHO分级,将分级结果与临床指标进行统计学分析.用免疫组织化学EnVision法检测p53蛋白在肿瘤组织中的表达水平,分析其与组织学分级及临床指标的相关性.结果 MDACC分级与WHO分级显示出较好的相关性(r=0.534,P=0.000).虽然两种分级方法均未与无病生存期(P=0.170和0.075)、肿瘤细胞减灭术(P=0.478和0.120)及以铂类为基础的初次化疗效果(P=0.418和0.403)显示出明确的相关性,但与WHO分级相比,MDACC分级与肿瘤分期(P=0.041和0.002)、3年无病生存率(P=0.077和0.004)、总生存期(P=0.080和0.046)和p53免疫组织化学染色结果(P=0.334和0.035)具有更好的显著性相关.此外,p53免疫组织化学染色结果与其他各项临床指标之间未显示出显著的相关性.结论 MDACC分级较WHO分级系统能更好地提示预后,比较符合最新的卵巢浆液性癌不同通路发病学说,临床应用前景良好,但仍需完善和进一步检验.单纯的p53免疫组织化学染色结果有助于辅助卵巢浆液性癌的MDACC分级,但对于判断预后的价值有限,需慎重使用.     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶1在子宫内膜异位症中的表达及意义

目的 研究组蛋白去乙酰化酶1(HDAC1)在子宫内膜异位症患者在位及异位内膜中的表达,探讨其在子宫内膜异位症发生、发展中的作用. 方法 应用免疫组织化学和免疫印迹法检测20例子宫内膜异位症患者在位内膜和异位内膜组织(研究组)中及20例子宫肌瘤患者的子宫内膜组织(对照组)HDAC1的表达情况. 结果 HDAC1阳性着色主要分布于子宫内膜上皮细胞和间质细胞的细胞核,在位内膜中HDAC1的表达强度明显高于对照组子宫内膜(P<0.01).免疫印迹检测提示,子宫内膜异位症在位内膜和异位内膜组织中HDAC1蛋白的相对表达量分别为2.67±0.69和2.55±1.36,显著高于对照组子宫内膜1.63±0.93(P<0.01,P<0.05);而在位内膜组与异位内膜组之间无统计学差异(P＞0.05). 结论 HDAC1在子宫内膜异位症在位和异位内膜组织中的高表达,可能在子宫内膜异位症的发生、发展中起重要作用.     

卵巢浆液性癌中Netrin-1的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨神经突起生长导向因子Netrin-1在卵巢浆液性癌（ ovarian serous carcinoma,OSC）中的表达及其临床病理意义。方法采用免疫组化EnVision法检测20例卵巢良性浆液性囊腺瘤、13例卵巢交界性浆液性囊腺瘤和32例OSC中Ne-trin-1蛋白的表达,分析Netrin-1蛋白表达与OSC临床病理特征的关系。结果 Netrin-1在OSC中的阳性率明显高于卵巢交界性和良性浆液性囊腺瘤（P<0.01）。OSC组织中Netrin-1表达与肿瘤分化程度及临床分期有关（P<0.05）,与患者年龄、发病部位、肿瘤大小及有无盆腔淋巴结转移无关（ P>0.05）。Kap1an-Meier生存分析显示,Netrin-1高表达患者5年生存率显著低于Netrin-1低表达患者（ P<0.05）。结论 Netrin-1在OSC组织中高表达,提示其可能与肿瘤的发生、发展有关,可作为OSC患者预后判断的辅助指标。     

卵巢浆液性肿瘤中MCM4与Ki-67的表达及意义

目的 探讨微小染色体维持蛋白4(minichromosome maintenance proteins 4,MCM4)、Ki-67在卵巢浆液性肿瘤中的表达及意义.方法 采用免疫组化EliVision两步法检测MCM4、Ki-67蛋白在10例正常卵巢上皮组织(对照组)、19例卵巢良性浆液性嚢腺瘤、16例交界性浆液性肿瘤和43例浆液性腺癌中的表达.结果 MCM4在对照组、卵巢良性浆液性囊腺瘤、交界性浆液性肿瘤、浆液性腺癌的阳性表达率分别为10.00%、21.05%、43.75%、79.07%,Ki-67在对照组、卵巢浆液性乳头状腺瘤、交界性嚢腺瘤、浆液性腺癌的阳性表达率分别为10.00%、15.79%、25.00%、53.49%,其随着卵巢肿瘤病变的升级呈增高的趋势.MCM4在卵巢浆液性腺癌和交界性浆液性肿瘤中的表达与正常对照组相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).Ki-67在卵巢浆液性癌和交界性浆液性肿瘤中的表达与正常对照组相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).MCM4在卵巢浆液性癌中的表达与临床分期、病理分级及转移[淋巴结转移和(或)器官转移]有明显相关(P<0.05).Ki-67蛋白在卵巢浆液性癌中的表达与病理分级及淋巴结转移有明显相关(P<0.05),MCM4和Ki-67呈正相关.结论 MCM4、Ki-67为卵巢浆液性肿瘤的增殖指标,用于卵巢良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别和诊断,并可初步评估肿瘤预后,指导临床治疗.     

卵巢浆液性和黏液性肿瘤MUC1、MUC2的表达及其意义

目的探讨卵巢浆液性和黏液性肿瘤中黏蛋白MUC1、MUC2的表达与临床病理特征的相关性。方法免疫组化S—P法检测90例卵巢浆液性和黏液性肿瘤的黏蛋白MUC1、MUC2的表达,并对其中50例恶性病例作生存分析。结果（1）交界性与恶性卵巢肿瘤中黏蛋白MUC1的表达阳性率明显高于良性肿瘤,差异有显著性（P〈0．001）;黏蛋白MUC1与WHO病理分级、FIGO临床分期、大网膜转移显著相关（P〈0．05）。（2）黏蛋白MUC2与组织学类型、WHO病理分级相关（P〈0．05）。（3）黏蛋白MUC1与MUC2呈负相关（P〈0．05）。（4）对50例恶性浆液性和黏液性肿瘤进行的生存分析中,单因素分析显示：WHO病理分级、FIGO临床分期、大网膜转移、MUC1表达程度与预后相关（P〈0．05）,而多因素分析中只有FIGO临床分期、MUC1表达程度具有独立的预后意义（P〈0．05）,Kaplan—Meier生存曲线分析显示,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期较Ⅰ、Ⅱ期生存率差异有显著（P〈0．01）,MUC1阳性组和阴性组生存率差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论黏蛋白MUC1、MUC2与恶性卵巢浆液性和黏液性肿瘤的浸润、转移相关,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肿瘤、MUC1强表达可作为恶性卵巢浆液性和黏液性肿瘤预后不良的可行性指标。     

HDACs及其抑制剂在卵巢透明细胞癌中的研究进展

卵巢透明细胞癌(ovarian clear cell carcinoma, OCCC)是一种较为少见的卵巢癌组织学类型,具有独特的临床表现和分子特征,其常规化疗易发生耐药,晚期患者的生存期明显短于卵巢癌的其他类型,病死率高。因此,亟需寻找更为特异的用于OCCC治疗的药物。近年研究发现,多种组蛋白去乙酰化酶在OCCC中表达异常,其抑制剂在体内外实验中的肿瘤抑制作用已被证实,且已用于临床试验。该文就组蛋白去乙酰化酶及其抑制剂在OCCC中的研究现状及应用作一综述,探求其治疗价值。     

卵巢浆液性癌的研究进展

卵巢浆液性癌以前多认为是起源于卵巢表面上皮或上皮内陷形成的皮质包涵体。近年来,随着分子生物学与分子遗传学技术的不断发展,研究显示卵巢浆液性癌存在二元发病模式,分别为低级别与高级别浆液性癌。低级别癌由良性、交界性肿瘤发展而来,多伴有KRAS、BRAF或ERBB2突变;高级别卵巢癌大多来源于输卵管上皮,常伴有TP53突变。本文现从卵巢浆液性癌的组织学分级、免疫表型及组织起源方面作一综述。     

组蛋白乙酰化酶p300和CREB结合蛋白在小鼠胚胎心发育中的时序表达

目的:探讨p300和CREB结合蛋白(CBP)在小鼠胚胎心发育过程中的时序表达规律.方法:选取胎龄7.5～18 d、出生1 d、3月小鼠正常心,采用免疫组织化学法观察p300和CBP在小鼠胎心发育中的表达分布及变化规律.结果:p300在胚胎心发育各个时期及出生1 d和3月成年鼠的心各部分均有很强表达.CBP在E7.5不表达;在E8.5～E9.5的心管中较强表达;E10.5～E16.5及E18和生后1 d心肌较强表达,房室瓣和小梁网较弱表达,室间隔肌部弱表达而膜部几乎不表达;3月成年鼠心肌和小梁较弱表达,室间隔极弱表达.结论:p300对发育早期的生心细胞诱导特化和中期的室间隔形成作用较CBP更大.     

卵巢低、高级别浆液性癌的临床病理分析及Pax2、p53和Ki-67表达的意义

目的 初步评估卵巢浆液性癌的两级分级系统在病理诊断和预后判断中的应用价值,探讨低、高级别浆液性癌Pax2、p53和Ki-67的表达及其与预后的相关性.方法 依照两级分级系统对卵巢浆液性癌进行分级,分别选取低级别癌38例,高级别癌100例,观察其临床病理特点,并采用免疫组织化学EnVision法检测癌组织中Pax2、p53和Ki-67的表达情况.结果 (1)低级别组的总生存时间、无病生存时间和5年生存率均显著优于高级别组(P＜0.05).(2)低级别组Pax2的阳性率显著高于高级别组(65.8%比13.0%,P＜0.05),而p53强阳性率显著低于高级别组(13.2%比55.0%,P＜0.05),Ki-67阳性指数显著低于高级别组(13.7%比42.1%,P＜0.05).(3)Pax2阳性组的总生存时间和5年生存率均显著优于阴性组(P＜0.05),而无病生存时间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).p53和Ki-67阳性指数与生存时间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 两级分级系统对卵巢浆液性癌的预后判断有提示意义,在临床病理诊断中具有可行性.Pax2、p53和Ki-67在卵巢低、高级别浆液性癌中的表达差异有统计学意义.与p53和Ki-67相比,Pax2更有可能成为卵巢浆液性癌的一个预后相关指标.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the two-tier system for the grading of ovarian serous carcinomas,and to analyze Pax2, p53, Ki-67 protein expression and their prognostic values for low- and high-grade ovarian serous carcinomas. Methods A total of 38 cases of low-grade and 100 cases of high-grade ovarian serous carcinomas were selected based on the two-tier grading system. Innnunohistochemistry was used to detect Pax2, p53 and Ki-67 protein expression in all cases. Correlation of the two-tier system with immunohistochemical results and prognostic parameters were performed. Results ( 1 ) The overall survival,disease-free survival and 5-year survival rates were significantly higher in the low-grade serous carcinoma cases than in the high-grade cases ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). (2) Significant differences in protein expressions were found between the low- and high-grade serous carcinomas. The high-grade serous carcinomas had a significantly higher expression level of p53 (55.0% vs 13. 2%, P ＜ 0. 05 ) and Ki-67 (42. 1% vs 13.7%, P ＜ 0. 05 ),while low-grade carcinomas had a significantly higher expression level of Pax2 (65. 8% vs 13.0%,P ＜ 0. 05 ). (3) Pax2 positive cases had a significantly better overall survival and 5-year survival rates than Pax2 negative cases ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The expressions of p53 and Ki-67 were found to have little correlation with overall survival and disease-free survival( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The two-tier system for the grading of ovarian serous carcinomas has a good prognostic value. There are significantly differences in expressions of Pax2, p53 and Ki-67 between low- and high-grade ovarian serous carcinomas. Compared with p53 and Ki-67, Pax2 is likely a better prognostic indicator for ovarian serous carcinoma.     

Prognostic significance of stathmin expression in correlation with metastasis and clinicopathological characteristics in human ovarian carcinoma

Stathmin, also called oncoprotein 18, is a founding member of the family of microtubule-destabilizing proteins that play a critical role in the regulation of mitosis. Stathmin is non-expressed in normal tissues, but stathmin gene is expressed at high levels in many human malignancies and the relationships between the levels of this gene expression in tumors and prognosis of the patients have been addressed. In this report, we explored the relationships between stathmin mRNA expression in ovarian carcinoma tissues and clinicopathological parameters. We collected and analyzed paraffin wax-embedded ovarian tumor biopsy tissues from 42 ovarian cancer patients in our hospital. We employed RT-PCR method and performed a densitometric analysis to determine the ratio of stathmin relative to beta-actin as an internal marker. Results showed that the stathmin mRNA expression was detected in all the ovarian carcinoma tissue samples and those samples with metastasis had higher levels of stathmin mRNA expression in initial biopsy specimens (P<0.05). Moreover, the levels of stathmin mRNA expression between samples with and without metastasis showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05).     

High-grade ovarian serous carcinoma exhibits significantly higher p16 expression than low-grade serous carcinoma and serous borderline tumour

AIMS: A dualistic pathway of ovarian serous carcinogenesis is now well established whereby high-grade serous carcinoma and low-grade serous carcinoma represent two distinct tumour types with a different underlying pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to compare expression of p16 INK4A (p16) in these two tumour types. We also included cases of serous borderline tumour, since these are considered to represent a precursor lesion of low-grade serous carcinoma. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cases of serous borderline tumour (n = 18), low-grade ovarian serous carcinoma (n = 22) and high-grade ovarian serous carcinoma (n = 24) were stained with a monoclonal antibody against p16. Cases were scored both with respect to intensity of immunoreactivity (weak, 1+; moderate, 2+; or strong, 3+) and distribution (0, negative or occasional positive cells; 1+, < 10% cells positive; 2+, 10-25% cells positive; 3+, 26-50% cells positive; 4+, 51-75% cells positive; or 5+, 76-100% cells positive). An immunohistochemical composite score was also calculated (0-15) by multiplying the intensity and distribution scores. There was a statistically significant difference in p16 immunoreactivity with respect to intensity, distribution and composite score between high-grade serous carcinoma and each of the other two groups, with the high-grade neoplasms exhibiting stronger and more diffuse positivity. Most high-grade serous carcinomas exhibited positivity of close to 100% of tumour cells. There was no significant difference in p16 expression between the borderline tumours and low-grade serous carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: The increased expression of p16 in high-grade serous carcinoma compared with low-grade serous carcinoma and serous borderline tumour is in keeping with a different underlying pathogenesis. p16 may be implicated in the development of high-grade serous neoplasia within the ovary and elsewhere within the female genital tract.     

ataxin-3在卵巢浆液性肿瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的检测ataxin-3在卵巢浆液性肿瘤中的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测ataxin-3在各组卵巢浆液性肿瘤中表达情况。结果ataxin-3在卵巢低级别浆液性囊腺癌中表达水平明显高于卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤、交界性浆液性囊腺瘤、高级别浆液性囊腺癌中的表达水平,但后三者之间无明显差异(P0.05),ataxin-3表达与卵巢浆液性囊腺癌的分化程度呈负相关,与其它临床病理因素均不存在相关性(P0.05)。结论ataxin-3可能参与卵巢低级别浆液性囊腺癌的发生机制,可能成为其早期诊断指标和治疗靶点。     

炎症诱导酶在结直肠癌中的表达及其临床病理意义

目的 检测环氧化酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)和诱导型氮氧合酶(inducible nitric oxidesynthase,iNOS)在结直肠癌(colorectal carcinoma,CRC)中的表达,为研究炎症与CRC发生的关系提供理论依据.方法 应用流式细胞术和SP法免疫组化检测100例CRC及11例癌旁正常黏膜中COX-2和iNOS的表达,并结合临床病理因素进行分析.结果 免疫组化显示,COX-2在CRC中表达阳性率为76.00%,而正常黏膜中只有9.10%,差异有显著性(P<0.05).COX-2表达阳性率在CRC淋巴结转移组和无淋巴结转移组分别为87.50%(42/48)、65.38%(34/52),两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);FCM检测发现,高、中、低分化组平均FI值分别为2.47±1.41、2.70±1.08、3.01±1.26,各组COX-2的表达均高于正常黏膜组(1.00±0.28)(P<0.01);CRC淋巴结转移组(2.45±1.41)高于无淋巴结转移组(1.61±1.27)(P<0.05).CRC中iNOS表达阳性率(81.00%)高于正常黏膜(27.27%,P<0.05),有淋巴结转移组的阳性率(91.67%)高于无淋巴结转移组(71.15%,P<0.05).COX-2与iNOS表达呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 在CRC中COX-2和iNOS表达异常增高,在CRC中COX-2和iNOS的表达与淋巴结转移密切相关,可能在CRC的进展及转移中有重要作用.     

AZGP1 and SPDEF mRNA expression differentiates breast carcinoma from ovarian serous carcinoma

The ANPEP, AZGP1, and SPDEF genes were previously found to be overexpressed in breast compared to ovarian carcinoma effusions. The present study validated this finding in a larger cohort consisting of both primary and metastatic tumors. ANPEP, AZGP1, and SPDEF mRNA expression was investigated in 83 breast carcinomas (57 primary carcinomas and 26 effusions) and 40 ovarian carcinomas (20 primary carcinomas and 20 effusions) using qPCR. ANPEP protein expression was immunohistochemically analyzed in 53 breast carcinoma effusions and patient-matched primary carcinomas (n?=?25) and lymph node metastases (n?=?16). mRNA and protein levels were studied for association with tumor type and anatomic site, and for clinical role in breast carcinoma. AZGP1 and SPDEF mRNA was overexpressed in breast compared to ovarian carcinoma (both p?<?0.001). AZGP1 mRNA was overexpressed in primary breast carcinoma compared to effusions (p?<?0.001), with opposite findings for ANPEP (p?=?0.044). AZGP1 mRNA expression correlated with positive ER status (p?=?0.032) and grade 1 histology (p?=?0.011), whereas SPDEF mRNA levels were associated with positive ER (p?=?0.002) and PR (p?=?0.013) status and tamoxifen treatment (p?=?0.004). ANPEP protein expression was higher in breast carcinoma effusions compared to primary tumors and lymph node metastases (both p?=?0.001). ANPEP, AZGP1, and SPDEF levels were unrelated to disease-free or overall survival. This is the first study documenting ANPEP, AZGP1, and SPDEF expression in breast carcinoma effusions. AZGP1 and SPDEF may be novel molecular markers for the differentiation of breast from ovarian carcinoma. ANPEP may be involved in breast carcinoma progression in view of its overexpression in effusions compared to solid specimens.