食管鳞状细胞癌FDG PET/CT显像SUVmax与肿瘤增殖、侵袭和血管生成的关系

目的 探讨食管鳞状细胞癌(简称鳞癌)FDG PET/CT显像SUVmax与肿瘤细胞Ki67、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)和微血管密度(MVD)的相关性,以评估SUVmax是否可作为术前反映肿瘤增殖活性、侵袭性和微血管生成的指标.方法 选择术后病理证实的食管鳞癌患者47例,术前1周内行18F-FDG PET/CT检查;术后对患者肿瘤标本行Ki67、MMP-2和MVD免疫组织化学染色,用Pearson 直线相关分析病灶SUVmax与上述指标的相关性.结果 47处病灶SUVmax为1.9 ～24.0,平均为12.504±6.805.免疫组织化学检查:Ki67平均指数为(67.837±29.798)％,MMP-2平均指数为(71.551 ±27.126)％,MVD平均为(18.429±9.603)个.SUVmax与Ki67指数、MMP-2指数间呈正相关,r值分别为0.581和0.594,P均＜0.05;而SUVmax与MVD之间不具有相关性,r=0.167,P＞0.05.结论 SUVmax可反映食管鳞癌肿瘤增殖活性和侵袭性,不能反映肿瘤血管生成.     

18F-FDG PET/CT和增强CT对胰腺病变定性诊断的价值比较

目的评价^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET／CT对胰腺良、恶性病变定性诊断的价值。方法对15例胰腺恶性病变，6例良性病变患者行全身^18F-FDGPET／CT和增强CT检查，根据PET、增强CT和PET／CT图像上的表现分别诊断，并将结果进行比较。结果PET和PET／CT准确诊断全部恶性病变，而增强CT准确诊断全部良性病变。PET和PET／CT在6例良性病变诊断中分别显示2例和1例假阳性，而增强CT在15例恶性病变中有2例假阴性，但在上述3种诊断方法中分别出现的假阳性或假阴性都得到了相互间的纠正。增强CT、PET和PET／CT三者在诊断胰腺恶性肿瘤上的准确性分别为90．5％，90．5％和95．2％。此外，PET／CT比增强CT检出了更多的肝脏、淋巴结和骨转移灶；两者检出病灶数量分别为35，41，9和16，24，3个。结论PET／CT在胰腺良、恶性病变定性诊断上有价值，PET／CT和增强CT联合应用有利于进一步提高对胰腺恶性肿瘤的诊断和分期准确性。     

18F-FLT PET/CT与18F-FDG PET/CT在鼻咽癌诊断和分期中的应用比较

目的 通过与18F-FDG PET/CT显像对比,探讨18 F-FLT PET/CT检测鼻咽癌原发灶和颈部淋巴结转移灶的可行性.方法 12例初治且经病理确诊的鼻咽癌患者(年龄22～62岁)自愿进入该前瞻性临床研究.每位患者先行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,次日行18F-FLF PET/CT检查.至少有2位核医学科和放射科医师阅片,比较18F-FDG PET/CT和18F-FLT PET/CT图像,采用ROI技术计算鼻咽肿瘤、颈部淋巴结转移灶、正常组织对18F-FDG、18F-FLT的SUVmax、SUVmean和MTV.采用非参数Wilcoxon秩和检验比较组间摄取和MTV差异.结果 12例鼻咽癌患者病灶均明显摄取18F-FLT.18F-FLT PET/CT和18F-FDG PET/CT均可准确诊断该组病例,二者对原发灶和淋巴结转移灶的检测结果无明显差别.鼻咽癌病灶的18F-FDG和18F-FLT SUVmax分别为10.7±5.8和6.0±2.4,SUVmean分别为5.8±3.0和3.6±1.5;SUVmax和SUVmean组间差异均有统计学意义(Z=-2.589和-2.353,P均＜0.05),而 MTV在18F-FDG和8F-FLT PET/CT 2种显像方法之问的差异无统计学意义(15.9±9.2和18.1±11.1;Z=-0.786,P＞0.05).6例有颈部淋巴结转移灶患者的SUVmax、SUVmean和MTV在2种显像方法间差异均无统计学意义(8.5±6.2比6.4±2.5、5.3±4.2比3.8±1.4、6.5 ±4.8比6.0±4.4;Z=-0.734、-0.734和-0.674,P均＞0.05).18F-FLT在颞叶摄取(SUVmax 0.7±0.3)明显低于18F-FDG(SUVmax 8.3±2.7;Z=-3.062,P＜0.01),其对于原发灶颅内浸润显示较18F-FDG更清晰.结论 18F-FLT PET/CT在鼻咽癌原发灶和淋巴结转移灶的诊断效能与18F-FDG PET/CT相当,对于显示原发灶的颅底附近侵犯更有利,其临床应用值得进一步研究.     

18F-FDG PET/CT和增强MSCT评价食管癌淋巴结转移

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT显像和增强多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查评价食管癌淋巴结转移的价值.方法 食管癌患者46例,均在18F-FDG PET/CT检查前1周内行MSCT检查,并在18F-FDGPET/CT检查后1周内接受手术治疗,切除组织均行病理检查.采用16层MSCT增强扫描和18F-FDG PET/CT显像检查颈、胸和上腹部,分别观察食管癌原发病灶、转移淋巴结的部位及转移淋巴结组数,其结果与病理检查结果对照.比较18F-FDG PET/CT和增强MSCT诊断食管癌淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值.结果 46例食管癌中位于上胸段6例,中胸段32例,下胸段8例.手术清除326组淋巴结,病理检查证实其中83组内有肿瘤转移.18F-FDG PET/CT与增强MSCT诊断淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为83.1%(69/83),96.3%(234/243),92.9%(303/326),88.5%(69/78),94.4%(234/248)与72.3%(60/83),98.4%(239/243),91.7%(299/326),93.7%(60/64),91.2%(239/262).2种方法诊断食管癌淋巴结转移的灵敏度差异有统计学意义(P=0.022),余诊断效能指标差别无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).在诊断食管旁淋巴结转移方面,18F-FDG PET/CT与增强MSCT的灵敏度分别为79.2%(19/24)与54.2%(13/24),差异有统计学意义(P=0.031).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT诊断食管癌淋巴结转移,尤其食管旁淋巴结转移的灵敏度高于增强MSCT,但MSCT增强扫描对于发现18F-FDG PET/CT显像阴性的淋巴结转移有重要价值,两者结合应用可明显提高对食管癌淋巴结转移的判断准确性.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在甲状腺癌中的临床应用

甲状腺癌是最常见的内分泌肿瘤,其显像方法很多,但由于甲状腺癌生物学行为的多重性,不同的显像方法对其的诊断价值及生物学行为判断价值各有不同.目前,18F-FDG PET/CT显像对不同进展期的甲状腺癌临床判断价值显著,其最重要的临床应用在于病灶诊断、分期和再分期及对各种治疗的评价和预后判断.笔者主要就18F-FDG PET/CT显像在甲状腺癌中的临床应用进行综述.     

18F-FDG PET/CT对原发性腹膜乳头状浆液性癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT显像在诊断原发性腹膜乳头状浆液性癌(PPPSC)中的价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年3月至2011年10月在PET/CT中心检查并经病理确诊的10例绝经期女性PPPSC患者,年龄61～81(69.4±6.2)岁.患者均行18F-FDG PET/CT显像,分析其病灶CT表现及PET的SUVmax,观察PPPSC的PET/CT表现,并与病理结果进行对比分析,同时测定PET/CT检查前或后1周内患者血清CA125,采用直线相关分析,评估壁腹膜、大网膜、肠系膜三者中最大的SUVmax与CA125的相关性.结果 10例PPPSC患者i8F-FDG PET/CT显像主要表现为:10例患者大网膜呈絮状、多发结节状及饼状软组织密度不均匀增高及代谢增强(SUVmax为6.32±2.87);9例壁腹膜及8例肠系膜呈弥漫性或局限性结节状或条状软组织不均匀增厚及代谢增强(SUVmax分别为5.96±2.14和5.70±1.69),其中壁腹膜以盆壁腹膜受累为主,肠系膜以小肠系膜受累为主;10例患者均有不同程度的腹腔积液,以肝周及盆腔为主;2例双侧卵巢及1例右侧卵巢稍增大,最大直径均在5 cm以内,同时伴有代谢异常增高;4例腹膜后淋巴结转移;出现点状钙化灶、有少量胸腔积液、有肝脏转移、伴有肝门淋巴结转移各2例.所有患者CA125均增高[(51.25±26.40)×104 U/L],CA125与壁腹膜、大网膜及肠系膜三者中最大SUVmax无明显相关性(r=0.05,P＞0.05).结论 PET/CT显像可显示PPPSC病灶部位,也能反映病灶的代谢状态,可用于PPPSC的辅助诊断.     

18F-FDG PET/CT对肾脏肿瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT对肾脏肿瘤的临床诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析近5年经18 F-FDG PET/CT诊断为肾脏肿瘤且病理或临床综合诊断明确的79例患者资料,其中男52例,女27例,平均年龄(57.3±14.1)岁.PET/CT诊断根据肾脏轮廓改变、病灶密度异常及FDG摄取程度做出.计算18F-FDG PET/CT诊断肾脏肿瘤的效能指标.结果 79例中恶性肿瘤70例(包括肾细胞癌40例、肾盂癌5例,淋巴瘤8例,转移瘤16例,肾筋膜囊脂肪肉瘤1例);良性肿瘤9例(包括血管平滑肌脂肪瘤7例,肾嗜酸细胞腺瘤1例,后肾腺瘤1例;不含小脂滴样错构瘤病例).18 F-FDG PET/CT对病灶检出率达97.5％(77/79),对肾脏良恶性病灶判断的灵敏度为92.9％ (65/70),特异性为7/9,准确性为91.1％ (72/79),阳性预测值为97.0％(65/67),阴性预测值为58.3％ (7/12).结论 18 F-FDG PET/CT能够检出并判断大部分肾脏占位病变性质,对肾脏肿瘤患者进行全身检查并做出综合评价是18F-FDG PET/CT的优势之一.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像对小肠腺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像对小肠腺癌(SIA)的诊断价值.方法 回顾29例SIA(男17例,女12例)、21例小肠淋巴瘤(SIL;男15例,女6例)及10例小肠结核(SIT;男4例,女6例)的18F-FDG PET/CT显像资料,采用目测法和半定量方法(SUVmax)分析3种疾病PET/CT显像特点.计量资料差异比较用单因素方差分析,率的比较行x2检验.结果 (1) PET/CT图像上SIA多表现为小肠局部团块状、结节状高代谢灶,典型的SIL为小肠局部环形异常放射性浓聚灶,SIT多呈结节状、条状高代谢灶、病灶呈“跳跃性”分布;SIA的SUVmax为8.44±3.82,低于SIL(11.54±4.02; F=86.96,t=2.77,均P＜0.01),与SIT的8.61±2.99差异无统计学意义(t=0.11,P＞0.05).(2)SIA、SIL和SIT的灶周淋巴结肿大检出率分别为72.41％ (21/29)、85.71％(18/21)和70.00％ (7/10) (x2=1.50,P＞0.05);SIA的灶周肿大淋巴结SUVmax为5.59±2.86,明显低于SIL的11.10±5.72(F=56.56,t=3.85,均P＜0.01),与SIT的5.63±3.36差异无统计学意义(t=0.30,P＞0.05).PET/CT显像对SIA的灶周淋巴结肿大检出率明显高于CT(41.38％,12/29;x2=5.69,P＜0.05).(3)55.17％(16/29)的SIA有小肠外转移灶;66.67％(14/21)的SIL有小肠外病灶,以全身多发淋巴结浸润多见;80.00％(8/10)的SIT有腹腔外结核灶;三者小肠外病灶检出率差异无统计学意义(x2=2.13,P＞0.05).(4)29例SIA中15例(51.72％)累及回肠,8例(27.59％)累及空肠,4例(13.79％)空肠回肠同时受累,2例(6.90％)空肠十二指肠同时受累,病灶分布差异有统计学意义(x2=18.16,P＜0.01).(5)29例SIA中单原发癌8例(27.59％),转移性癌14例(48.28％),7例(24.14％)考虑为双原发癌.(6)以病理、诊断性治疗和临床随访结果为标准,18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断SIA的灵敏度为93.10％(27/29),特异性为80.00％(8/10).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像可用于SIA的鉴别诊断,可为单原发、多原发及转移性SIA诊断提供依据.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在黑色素瘤中的应用价值

目的 探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)PET/CT显像在黑色素瘤诊断、临床分期及监测治疗后肿瘤复发与转移灶中的应用价值.方法 黑色素瘤患者61例,均进行18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像.所有PET、CT及PET/CT融合图像均通过融合软件进行帧对帧对比分析.肿瘤病灶根据病理学检查、多种影像学检查及临床随访结果诊断.结果 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对黑色素瘤病灶检出的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为90.9%(40/44)、88.2%(15/17)和90.2%(55/61).其中12例治疗前患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断的灵敏度为83.3%(10/12).在黑色素瘤病灶局部切除、尚未进行其他治疗的9例患者中,5例残余病灶18F-FDG PET/CT显像检出3例;4例远处转移灶患者全被检出,提高了临床分期,改变了治疗方案.首先发现转移性黑色素瘤病灶并且手术切除后,寻找原发灶的7例患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT检出原发灶2例,4例其他转移灶全被检出.黑色素瘤患者根治术后监测肿瘤复发或转移患者33例,18F-FDG PET/CT显像灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为100.0%(19/19)、85.7%(12/14)和93.9%(31/33).与同期临床其他影像学检查比较,18F-FDG PET/CT显像发现更多,33例患者中,16例(48.5%)病灶提高临床分期;7例(21.2%)排除可疑病灶,降低临床分期;10例(30.3%)检出病灶与临床一致.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对于黑色素瘤的诊断,残余病灶、复发病灶及转移灶的检出,临床分期的明确具有重要价值.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在宫颈癌治疗后鳞状细胞癌抗原升高患者中的应用价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在宫颈癌治疗后鳞状细胞癌(简称鳞癌,SCC)抗原水平升高、临床怀疑宫颈癌残余、复发及转移患者中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年3月至2012年10月间进行了PET/CT检查、临床资料齐全的宫颈鳞癌治疗后患者48例[平均年龄(47.5±11.2)岁].患者均为在末次治疗后3 ～ 24个月的随访期内首次出现SCC抗原水平升高(＞1.5 μg/L)者,以病理及临床随访结果为最后诊断标准,评价18 F-FDG PET/CT诊断这些患者肿瘤残余、复发及转移的效能.采用两独立样本t检验比较SUVmax差异.结果 48例患者末次治疗后首次异常SCC抗原水平为1.6～42.5(8.6±9.4)μg/L.经病理及随访证实有残余、复发或转移的患者45例,占93.75％(45/48).18F-FDG PET/CT及其他影像检查发现的174个病灶中被证实为残余、复发及转移灶者169个,18F-FDG PET/CT正确诊断159个,诊断的灵敏度为94.08％(159/169),准确性为91.38％ (159/174).18F-FDG PET/CT对宫颈癌残余及复发病灶诊断灵敏度和准确性均为9/10,对淋巴结转移灶诊断灵敏度为94.59％(105/111),准确性为92.92％(105/113);对其他部位转移灶诊断灵敏度为93.75％(45/48),准确性为88.24％(45/51).残余及复发病灶的SUVmax为6.9-±3.8(2.0～13.7),转移病灶相应值为6.3±2.7(2.0～ 14.4),两者间差异无统计学意义(t=0.629,P＞0.05).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT可准确判断宫颈癌残余、复发及转移灶,在宫颈癌治疗后随访出现SCC抗原水平升高的患者中具有重要应用价值.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在胸段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移中的诊断价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在胸段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移中的诊断价值,并与增强CT及术后病理结果进行对比。 方法 胸段食管鳞癌患者54例,术前一周内行18F-FDG PET/CT和增强CT扫描,术后以病理学诊断为“金标准”,比较两种显像方法对胸段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度、准确率及不同短径范围的诊断准确率。应用SPSS13.0软件进行四格表χ2检验。 结果 手术共切取肿大淋巴结186枚,均经病理证实,其中淋巴结转移77枚,18F-FDG PET/CT诊断淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度及准确率分别为77.9%（60/77）、95.4%（104/109）和88.2%（164/186）,增强CT分别为40.3%（31/77）、75.2%（82/109）和60.8%（113/186）,二者诊断效能差异有统计学意义（χ2=24.04、15.77和36.77,P均 < 0.01）。对于短径>5 mm（5~10 mm及≥10 mm）的淋巴结,18F-FDG PET/CT诊断的准确率高于增强CT,且差异有统计学意义（χ2=26.03和26.47,P均 < 0.01）;对于短径≤5 mm的淋巴结,二者间诊断的准确率差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.24,P>0.05）。 结论 18F-FDG PET/CT在胸段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移中具有较高的诊断价值,对于短径>5 mm的淋巴结优势明显。     

The role of PET/CT in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Purpose

To assess the role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and to assess the impact of PET/CT on the clinical management.

Patients and methods

Sixty-three patients with pathologically proven head and neck squamous cell carcinoma had 83 PET/CT and CT examinations. The first group includes 45 examinations performed as a pre treatment staging for 45 patients. The second group includes 38 examinations performed for 18 patients who had previous treatment.

Results

In the first group, FDG–PET/CT yielded additional diagnostic information in 44.4% of patients, with subsequent modification of treatment strategy in 11.1% and implementation of further curative therapy in 6.6%. Based on the findings of PET/CT, modification of radiotherapy was performed in 24.6% of patients in this group. In the second group, PET/CT altered further clinical management in 18.4% patients and induced a change in the planned therapeutic approach in 23.6%.

Conclusion

PET/CT is an imaging modality with high diagnostic performance in the assessment of head and squamous cell carcinoma, and induced a significant change in the management of the study population.     

PET/CT在食管癌放射治疗中的应用进展

食管癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,放射治疗是其治疗的重要手段.然而,目前的CT、食管内镜超声(EUS)等影像检查手段只能从肿瘤的解剖形态信息上来进行食管癌的放射治疗模拟定位及分期、疗效评价.18F-FDG PET/CT作为集功能和解剖信息于一身的一种新的检查方式,在食管癌的诊断分期及放化疗预后的监测中已经得到了日益广泛的应用.笔者就18F-FDG PET/CT在食管癌的诊断分期及放射治疗方面的应用进展进行综述.     

MRI与CT评估局部晚期食管鳞癌可切除性的比较研究

目的:比较3.0 T MRI与CT评估局部晚期食管鳞癌是否侵犯胸主动脉、气管或支气管的准确性,以判断肿瘤的可切除性.方法:前瞻性收集本院2018年11月-2020年11月间经内镜活检证实为食管鳞癌的患者,MRI与CT检查均在气管镜检查或术前一周内进行.扫描序列包括膈肌导航的应用刀锋采集技术的快速自旋回波的T2加权成像(...     

~(18)F-FDG PET/CT在食管癌的应用进展

食管癌恶性程度高、预后差,严重威胁了人类健康,18F-FDG PET/CT集功能和解剖信息于一身,这种医学影像技术在食管癌的应用优势日益受到广大医务工作者的关注。本文综述了18F-FDG PET/CT在食管癌的诊断、分期、复发、疗效和预后评估、放射治疗计划制定等方面的研究进展。     

Reproducibility of 18F-FDG PET uptake measurements in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma on both PET/CT and PET/MR

Objective:

To investigate reproducibility of fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) uptake on ¹⁸F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/MR scans in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods:

30 patients with HNSCC were included in this prospective study. The patients were scanned twice before radiotherapy treatment with both PET/CT and PET/MR. Patients were scanned on the same scanners, 3 days apart and according to the same protocol. Metabolic tumour activity was measured by the maximum and peak standardized uptake value (SUV_max and SUV_peak, respectively), and total lesion glycolysis from the metabolic tumour volume defined from ≥50% SUV_max. Bland–Altman analysis with limits of agreement, coefficient of variation (CV) from the two modalities were performed in order to test the reproducibility. Furthermore, CVs from SUV_max and SUV_peak were compared. The area under the curve from cumulative SUV–volume histograms were measured and tested for reproducibility of the distribution of ¹⁸F-FDG uptake.

Results:

24 patients had two pre-treatment PET/CT scans and 21 patients had two pre-treatment PET/MR scans available for further analyses. Mean difference for SUV_max, peak and mean was approximately 4% for PET/CT and 3% for PET/MR, with 95% limits of agreement less than ±20%. CV was small (5–7%) for both modalities. There was no significant difference in CVs between PET/CT and PET/MR (p = 0.31). SUV_max was not more reproducible than SUV_peak (p = 0.09).

Conclusion:

¹⁸F-FDG uptake in PET/CT and PET/MR is highly reproducible and we found no difference in reproducibility between PET/CT and PET/MR.

Advances in knowledge:

This is the first report to test reproducibility of PET/CT and PET/MR.Functional imaging with fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with CT (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) has been shown to be useful for prognostication of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC),^1–3 and the use of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT has also been shown to reduce interobserver variability in target delineation for radiotherapy.^4,5 Furthermore, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT can identify regions of the tumour with a high risk of relapse, leading to the idea that ¹⁸F-FDG uptake might be a target for dose painting.^6,7 Finally, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT may be used in response evaluation.^8,9 Maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) has for many years been the main uptake measurement in prognostic studies for various malignancies. More recent studies have focused on demonstrating prognostic value of PET/CT-based volumetric parameters such as metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). MTV is the sum of the volume of voxels with standard uptake value (SUV) exceeding a certain threshold value in a tumour, and TLG is calculated by multiplying MTV and the mean standardized uptake value (SUV_mean) of the MTV. These volume-based PET parameters have increasingly gained interest and have been reported to be significant prognostic factors for various malignancies including HNSCC.^{10–13 18}F-FDG PET/CT is currently not routinely recommended as a diagnostic tool in HNSCC except in very specific situations,¹⁴ but reproducibility of the ¹⁸F-FDG signal is a prerequisite for a more widespread use of ¹⁸F-FDG PET for the above-mentioned indications. Yet, only a few studies of the reproducibility of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT exist^8,15–21 and none of these studies includes patients with HNSCC.MRI is gaining acceptance as an imaging modality for oncology as it offers superior soft-tissue contrast compared with CT alone, and it has been suggested that information from PET/CT and MR is complementary in head and neck cancer.²² The introduction of the integrated PET/MR scanner offers a unique opportunity to combine the high soft-tissue contrast of MR with the functional imaging from PET within a single imaging session. PET/MR is still in its infancy, but the combined modality imaging is potentially useful in the management of patients with HNSCC.^22–28 However, the same criteria of reproducibility as with PET/CT should be upheld by this new modality. The purpose of this prospective test–retest study is to assess the reproducibility of both ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/MR in a homogenous cohort of patients with HNSCC.     

18F-FLT和18F-FDG PET/CT对胸段食管癌淋巴结分期诊断的对比研究

目的 评价18F-脱氧胸苷（FLT）PET/CT对未经治疗的胸段食管癌淋巴结分期诊断的价值,并与18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）PET/CT进行比较.方法 选择22例拟行手术治疗的胸段食管癌患者,术前行双显像剂PET/CT检查及淋巴结分期诊断,术后以病理学诊断为＂金标准＂,比较18F-FLT和18F-FDG PET/CT对胸段食管癌淋巴结分期的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值.应用SPSS 13.0软件进行x2检验.结果 患者均行食管癌切除和淋巴结清扫术,病理检查结果显示16例患者存在淋巴结转移,N0期7例,N1期15例,M1a期6例（其中1例为N0M1a,另外5例为N1M1a）,全组均无M1b期.共检出424枚淋巴结,其中47枚为转移淋巴结.18F-FDG PET/CT诊断呈假阳性的淋巴结14枚,而18F-FLT诊断呈假阳性的淋巴结为3枚;18F-FDG假阴性的淋巴结8枚,18F-FLT假阴性的淋巴结12枚.18F-FLT PET/CT的诊断灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阴性预测值和阳性预测值分别为74.47%（35/47）、99.20%（374/377）、96.46%（409/424）、96.89%（374/386）和92.11%（35/38）,18F-FDG分别为82.98%（39/47）、96.29%（363/377）、94.81%（402/424）、97.84%（363/371）和73.58%（39/53）;两者比较的x2值分别为0.572,6.018,1.017,0.348,3.852,P值分别＞0.05,＜0.05、＞0.05、＞0.05和＞0.05.结论 18F-FLT对食管癌区域淋巴结的诊断灵敏度与18F-FDG显像接近,特异性高于18F-FDG,但仍存在一定的局限性.     

定位CT图像和CT/MR扩散加权成像融合图像对食管癌放疗GTV勾画的比较

目的 比较定位CT图像和CT与磁共振扩散加权成像(MR DWI)融合图像(CT/MR DWI)对食管癌放疗GTV勾画的差异.方法 收集经细胞学或组织病理学证实的20例行根治性放疗的食管鳞癌患者,由6名放疗科医师分别在Pinnacle工作站的定位CT图像上和CT/MR DWI融合图像上勾画食管癌原发灶GTV,不包括转移淋巴结.计算GTV体积的均数、标准差、变异系数(CV=标准差/均数),最大值与最小值的比(Ratio=最大值/最小值).比较两组间GTV体积的变异系数CV和最大值与最小值的比值(Ratio)的差异.结果 CT图像上勾画的GTV体积最大差值为55.71 cm³,CT/MR DWI融合图像上勾画的GTV体积最大差值为13.89 cm³(F=12.80,P<0.05),两组GTV体积的变异系数分别为0.30±0.08和0.11±0.04,两组GTV体积最大值与最小值的比值分别为2.38±0.62和1.34±0.13,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.92、-3.92,P<0.05).结论 和定位CT图像相比,CT/MR DWI图像融合显示食管癌GTV较为直观,能够在一定程度上提高判断病变范围的一致性,从而减少不同医师间勾画靶区差异性.     

Usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in treatment-naive patients with thymic squamous cell carcinoma

Annals of Nuclear Medicine - Thymic squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is very rare. This study aims to investigate the clinical utility of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission...