慢性胆囊炎患者血糖、血脂及血液流变学的变化

目的了解慢性胆囊炎患者血糖、血脂、血液流变学变化及其相关性。方法慢性胆囊炎组（n=30）：为初诊的慢性胆囊炎患者，经B超检查均有胆囊结石。无糖尿病、心脑血管病、肾脏疾病和消化系统疾病的人员作为正常对照组（11：30）。上述两组在晨间测定血糖、血脂水平及血液流变学指标，并对血脂和血液流变学指标之间的相关性进行检验。结果慢性胆囊炎组餐后2小时血糖（2h—PPG）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（Tch）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（VLDL—C）、高切变率（150S^-1）下全血粘度及血浆粘度均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）；慢性胆囊炎组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）及红细胞变形指数均显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．01）。慢性胆囊炎患者Tch、LDL—C水平与高切变率下全血粘度呈显著正相关（r分别为0．521，0．512，P〈O．01）；与红细胞变形指数呈显著负相关（r分别为-0．513，～0．520．P〈0．01）；血TG、VLDL与血浆粘度呈显著正相关（r分别为0．481，0．472，P〈0．01）。结论慢性胆囊炎患者存在血糖、血脂及血液流变学异常；血胆固醇水平增高影响红细胞变形性；血TG水平增高影响血浆粘度。     

西宁地区脑血栓、糖尿病、高血压患者血液流变学结果分析

目的：探讨西宁地区（海拔2261m）脑血栓、糖尿病、高血压患者血液流变学的改变。方法：对西宁地区150例脑血栓、糖尿病、高血压患者进行有关血液流变学指标测定。结果：与正常对照组比较,脑血栓、糖尿病、高血压患者全血粘度（高切、中切、低切）、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、血沉、全血还原粘度（高切、中切、低切）、血沉方程K值明显增高,红细胞变形能力均有下降（P〈0．01）;红细胞聚集指数明显增高（P〈0．01）。结论：西宁地区脑血栓、糖尿病、高血压患者血液流变学指标有明显的异常,对其治疗和预后有着重要的意义。     

HgCl2致急性肾功能衰竭的血液流变学变化及其意义

目的观察肌注HgCl2致急性肾功能衰竭（ARF）家兔血液流变学的变化,探讨血液流变性异常在ARF发病机制中的作用。方法使用1％HgCl2复制家兔ARF模型,通过FASCO-3010型全自动血流变快测仪测定血液流变学各项指标的变化。结果ARF模型组血浆粘度和全血还原粘度显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,红细胞聚集指数明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,其余指标组间差异不具有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论肌注HgCl2可致ARF家兔血浆粘度和全血还原粘度升高,红细胞聚集指数降低,它们在ARF的发病机制中具有重要意义。     

G_z对大鼠血液流变学的影响

观察了＋10Gz重复暴露（G值增长率1G／s，持续3min，30min后重复暴露，共3次）。对大鼠血液流变学的影响。结果表明，＋Gz组大鼠全血粘度（ηb）、全血还原粘度、血浆纤维蛋白原含量、红细胞聚集指数（EAI）及屈服应力较对照组均有升高（P＜0．05），而血浆粕度、红细胞比积、Casson粘度及红细胞刚性指数则无明显改变；在各切变率时，ηb增加值与EAI增加值均呈显著正相关（P＜0．05）。提示＋10Gz重复暴露可引起大鼠血液流变学改变，全血粘度增高主要是红细胞聚集程度增加引起的。     

中老年体检者血液流变学检测结果分析

目的：探讨中老年健康体检者血液流变学指标分布状况。方法：对600例中老年健康体检者（检测组）进行血液流变学的指标测定,并与正常对照组比较。结果：中老年健康体检者血液流变学指标与正常对照组比较,红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）均有显著差异（P〈0．05）,中老年健康体检者血液粘度增高者占40．7％,红细胞聚集指数增高者占44．5％,红细胞变形指数降低者占41．0％。结论：与正常对照组比较,中老年血液流变学指标的异常率较高,可为疾病的发展、转归和预后提供重要信息。     

羟乙基淀粉进行体外血液稀释后的血液流变学改变

目的 体外实验研究应用羟乙基淀粉（Hydroxyethyl-Starch,HES)进行体外血液稀释对血液流变学的影响。方法 选择声带息肉病人40例,随机分为中分子羟乙基淀粉（HES）（20例）及林格氏液组（20例）,采集静脉血12ml,等量分装于4支肝素抗凝试管中,以6％HES及林格氏液进行体外血液稀释,致使 血球压积（％）降至30、25、20,上机测定各标本全血粘度、血浆粘度、Hct、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数、纤维蛋白原等血液流变学指标。结果 HES组全血粘度、红细胞聚集指数、纤维蛋白原稀释后较稀释前明显降低（P＜0．05）,红细胞变形指数、血浆粘度明显升高（P＜0．05）,并且与对照组比较相差显著（P＜0．05）。结论 6％HES可降低全血粘度、红细胞聚集率,提高 红细胞变形指数,可明显改善体外血血液流变学状态。     

猪心脏不停跳体外循环期不同温度变化对血液流变性的影响

目的观察猪心脏不停跳体外循环期间温度变化对猪血液流变学指标的影响。方法选择猪龄3~4月、体重20~25kg的广西本地健康杂种猪14只,随机分A、B两组,每组7只。全身麻醉后建立心脏不停跳体外循环实验模型。A组：鼻咽温度降至37℃时停止血液降温,维持鼻咽温度在36℃~37℃时间30min后即行复温并缝合心脏。B组：鼻咽温度降至32℃时停止血液降温,维持鼻咽温度在31℃~32℃时间30min后即行复温并缝合心脏。于转机开始前（T1）、降温到设定值（T2）、低温维持30min（T3）、复温完成（T4）和停机后20min（T5）5个时点,经股动脉采血液标本5ml/次,测定标本中血液流变学指标。结果低、中、高切变率下的全血粘度、红细胞压积（Hct）在两组内T2、T3、T4和T5各时点均低于转流前T1水平（P〈0.05）;高切变率全血还原粘度在两组内T2、T3、T4和T5各时点均低于转流前T1水平（P〈0.05）;A组内T2和T3时点的红细胞刚性指数（IR）低于转流前T1水平（P〈0.05）;低切变率全血还原粘度和中切变率全血还原粘度、红细胞电泳指数、红细胞聚集指数（Arbc）、红细胞变形指数（TK）在两组内和两组间差异均无显著性。结论在建立的心脏不停跳体外循环猪模型中,体外循环期间两组不同变温过程均未呈现明显不利于微循环灌注的血液流变学变化。     

终末肾病患者血液流变学观察及临床意义

目的:观察终末肾病患者血液流变学的变化及透析治疗对其的影响.方法:采用血液流变学分析仪,测定患者及正常对照组的血液流变学指标及红细胞压积、血沉等指标.结果:终末肾病患者全血粘度低切值(3/s)、高切值(200/s)、红细胞压积和红细胞电泳时间与正常对照组比较明显降低(P＜0.01),血沉与正常对照组比较明显升高 (P＜0.01),血浆粘度、纤维蛋白原与正常对照组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).全血粘度低切值、高切值与红细胞压积呈正相关(r=0.868,P＜0.01).终末肾病患者透析后,全血粘度低切值、高切值、红细胞压积、红细胞电泳时间与透析前比明显升高 (P＜0.05);全血粘度低切值、高切值、血浆粘度、纤维蛋白原与正常对照组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:终末肾病患者全血粘度明显降低,血液透析可以改变其全血粘度降低的现象.     

高血压并糖调节受损患者的脉压及血液流变学改变观察

目的观察原发性高血压（EH）合并糖调节受损（IGR）患者脉压（PP）及血液流变学改变并探讨其临床意义。方法对44例原发性高血压患者，42例原发性高血压合并糖调节受损患者以及正常对照组30例的脉压及血液流变学指标进行对比研究。结果原发性高血压合并糖调节受损组患者脉压、左心室肥厚、CVD发生率高，全血粘度（高切、低切）、血浆粘度明显增高，与原发性高血压组相比差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论原发性高血压合并糖调节受损患者的脉压及血液流变学指标显著高于原发性高血压患者，脉压和血粘度增高可能与IGR参与心脑血管疾病的形成和发展有关。有助于指导早期干预。     

L-精氨酸对高原肺水肿患者血液流变学的作用

目的：探讨雾化吸入左旋精氨酸（L-Arg）对高原肺水肿患者血液流变学的影响。方法：在海拔3700m高原，采用氧气驱动雾化吸入L-Arg，治疗高原肺水肿（HAPE）患者9例（L-Arg组），将吸入低浓度一氧化氮（NO）混合气治疗的另外8例高原肺水肿患者（NO组）作对照，分别测定患者的红细胞压积（HCT）、血液粘度（ηb）、血浆粘度（ηp）、还原粘度（ηr）、红细胞刚性指数（IR）、红细胞变形系数（TK）、红细胞聚集系数（VAI）和血栓形成系数（TFL）等血液流变学指标。结果：NO组和L-Arg组治疗后较治愈前ηb、ηp、ηr、VAI、TFL均降低显著（P〈0．05～0．01），而HCT、TK、IR无统计学差异（P〉0．05）；NO组与L-Arg组比较，各指标均无统计学差异（P〉0．01）。结论：L-Arg治疗HAPE有效，通过提高NO水平而改善血液循环，且经济简便，易于推广应用。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.