复杂上消化道异物的内镜处理

目的 积累内镜下处理复杂上消化道异物的经验.方法 分析我院2000年2月～2010年2月对67例复杂上消化道异物内镜处理情况.结果 67例患者中共有87件异物,其中有58例74件异物经内镜成功取出,尚有9例13件异物未取出.取出异物例数成功率为86.57%,取出异物件数成功率为85.06%,未出现严重并发症.结论 内镜下取复杂上消化道异物安全、有效.     

经内镜取出上消化道难取性异物的体会

上消化道异物临床上十分常见,自１９９４年６月至１９９６年１２月我院对５０例８５件异物在内镜下顺利取出,现就其中３１例难取性异物取出的体会作一介绍。一、难取性异物概念：上消化道异物取出一般不难,但若遇年幼儿童、食管上段或十二指肠部位的异物,因异物位置关...     

上消化道异物内镜急诊处理162例

目的:探讨上消化道异物内镜下急诊诊断及取出的处理方式.方法:2002-07/2011-07龙岗区第二人民医院胃镜室共完成内镜下急诊异物取出上消化道异物患者162例,男89例,女73例,年龄0.8-82岁,异物吞入后就诊时间为3min-9d,分析患者临床资料.结果:采用局麻或全麻下急诊用内镜直视下明确诊断,按照异物的位置、形态、大小、选择合适的器械,取出异物或设法让异物通过肠道排出体外.162例患者中155例通过上述方法治疗后取得满意疗效,7例患者治疗失败后改为手术处理,内镜下急诊取出治疗上消化道异物成功率为95.7%,部分并发咽喉黏膜损伤.结论:经内镜局麻或全麻下急诊取出上消化道异物是一种安全、有效的方法;手法得当,用内镜上消化道异物急诊取出应为首选方法,有器质性病变的患者取出异物后应尽早病因治疗.     

上消化道异物内镜下治疗器械和配合技术的研究

目的 探讨上消化道异物内镜下治疗器械的选择和配合技术.方法 对2001年1月～2008年4月来我院就诊的389例次上消化道异物的患者,根据异物种类、性质选择不同的医疗器械,采用不同的内镜治疗配合技术,对异物直接取出或使异物通过肠道排出体外.结果 389例上消化道异物的患者中,12例为长形异物,主要使用圈套器取出;68例为锐利异物,主要使用鼠齿钳、圈套器等取出;20例为边缘光滑异物,主要使用鼠齿钳、自制兜篮等取出;42例为食团类异物,主要使用鼠齿钳、爪形异物钳等取出或夹碎;130例为食管金属支架,主要使用支架取出器取出;101例为胃结石,主要使用微爆破技术进行碎石;16例为食管黏膜损伤未见异物.结论 上消化道异物内镜下治疗成功率高达95%以上.常用器械有圈套器、鼠齿钳、支架取出器和激光光纤等.主要的方法是直接取出或内镜下治疗后使异物通过肠道排出体外.     

内镜下治疗上消化道异物68例

目的探讨内镜下治疗上消化道异物的方法,提高治疗水平。方法回顾分析68例上消化道异物患者在内镜下治疗处理的情况。结果68例患者中共有异物73个,经急诊内镜治疗后取出71个（97．26％）,另外2个转外科手术取出。所有患者均未出现上消化道出血、穿孔等并发症。结论内镜下取出上消化道异物是一种简单安全有效的方法。     

内镜下上消化道异物取出术应用分析

目的通过研究上消化道异物嵌顿特点及分析多例患者异物取出情况,探讨根据患者及误食异物特点选择合适的内镜下异物取出方法,以提高异物取出术的成功率。方法回顾性研究2013年2月至2016年2月362例因疑似误食异物而接受内镜下上消化道异物取出术的患者,对患者一般资料、异物特点、嵌顿部位、异物取出方法等进行分析。结果 362例患者的年龄为出生6 h~75岁,儿童患者(14岁以下)占43.9%(159/362)。其中35例已通过十二指肠降部以下(内镜下未见),内镜发现率90.3%(327/362),3例失败转外科手术治疗,内镜成功率99.1%(324/327)。儿童异物嵌顿部位以食管为主,位于食管占54.8%(80/146),成人异物嵌顿部位以胃底为主,位于胃底占69.61%(126/181)。异物取出术中应选择合适的辅助器械,疑难异物取出需特殊辅助器械,透明帽使用率52.2%(169/324),改良的船型半透明塑料袋使用率5.6%(18/324),成功率100%。结论上消化道异物通过内镜取出的成功率高、并发症少,是治疗上消化道异物的首选方法。上消化道异物取出术中应选择合适的辅助器械,疑难异物取出要善于利用特殊辅助器械及改良现有器械,在儿童上消化道异物取出术中根据其生理特点设计合适的取出方法,均可以大大提高异物取出成功率。     

上消化道异物内镜取出失败的相关因素分析

目的分析上消化道异物内镜取出失败的相关因素。方法选取2002年1月-2012年12月在汕头市中心医院消化内镜中心接受治疗的上消化道异物患者,用Excel表格收集资料,包括异物种类、异物所滞留部位、异物吞入到就诊的时间、取异物术前相关检查、误吞异物人员构成、是否麻醉下手术、术中是否使用透明帽、手术医师年资。统计异物取出成功和失败例数,分析内镜下上消化道异物取出失败的影响因素。结果 367例患者中,成功取出上消化道异物346例,成功率为94.3%,取出失败21例,失败率为5.7%。经多因素Logistic回归分析,影响异物取出失败的相关因素有5项:金属异物、异物滞留食管、吞服异物24 h、无术前检查、内镜无透明帽。结论金属异物、异物滞留食管、吞服异物24 h、无术前检查、内镜无透明帽等是上消化道异物取出失败的独立影响因素。做好充分的术前准备、及时进行内镜手术、术中使用透明帽等是控制失败率的关键。     

经内镜取出上消化道异物的体会

经内镜取出上消化道异物的体会程凤岐杜红孟江云黄英才汪鸿志程留芳１９７６年～１９９７年，我院共经内镜取出３０７件上消化道异物，现将摘取方法和体会报告如下。１．一般情况：本组男１５８例，女１１７例，年龄６个月～７８岁，中位年龄３２岁，５岁以下４６例。２．...     

婴幼儿上消化道异物内镜取出术的诊治体会

目的 总结内镜下婴幼儿上消化道异物取出的方法及技巧.方法 采用成人胃镜,静脉麻醉下对14例婴幼儿上消化道异物进行治疗.结果 内镜检查3例未见异物,11例异物成功取出.7例硬币中有5例使用鼠齿钳取出,2例使用鼠齿钳＋乳胶套的方法取出;1例磁铁片,使用网篮取出;1例大头针,使用橡胶头异物钳＋磁性异物钳取出;1例铁钉,使用圈套器取出;1例金属条,使用鼠齿钳＋外套管取出.14例患儿均无并发症.结论 内镜下婴幼儿上消化道异物取出术是安全的,创伤小、并发症少.针对不同的异物需采用不同的操作工具,可取得事半功倍的效果.     

189例上消化道异物内镜处理的回顾性分析

[目的]回顾性分析189例上消化道异物的内镜处理方法。[方法]选择近期189例采用内镜诊治的上消化道异物病例。术前结合影像确定异物部位及性状,制定合理的取出方案,术中选择合适的器械将异物取出。[结果]189例上消化道异物病例中,成功使用内镜取出180例,取出成功率为95．2％。取出异物耗时7min-4h,平均耗时（45．4±39．7）min。未见穿孔、大出血等严重并发症,3例黏膜发生轻度破损。[结论]内镜医师术前严格掌握适应证,并进行充分的影像学探查分析,优化内镜取出方案,术中谨慎操作是提高取出成功率的关键。     

Risk factors for complications associated with upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies

AIM: To investigate predictive risk factors associated with complications in the endoscopic removal of foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 194 patients with a diagnosis of foreign body impaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract,confirmed by endoscopy,at two university hospital in South Korea.Patient demographic data,including age,gender,intention to ingestion,symptoms at admission,and comorbidities,were collected.Clinical features of the foreign bodies,such as type,size,sharpness of edges,number,and location,were analyzed.Endoscopic data those were analyzed included duration of foreign body impaction,duration of endoscopic performance,endoscopic device,days of hospitalization,complication rate,30-d mortality rate,and the number of operationsrelated to foreign body removal.RESULTS: The types of upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies included fish bones,drugs,shells,meat,metal,and animal bones.The locations of impacted foreign bodies were the upper esophagus(57.2%),mid esophagus(28.4%),stomach(10.8%),and lower esophagus(3.6%).The median size of the foreign bodies was 26.2 ± 16.7 mm.Among 194 patients,endoscopic removal was achieved in 189,and complications developed in 51 patients(26.9%).Significant complications associated with foreign body impaction and removal included deep lacerations with minor bleeding(n = 31,16%),ulcer(n = 11,5.7%),perforation(n = 3,1.5%),and abscess(n = 1,0.5%).Four patients underwent operations because of incomplete endoscopic foreign body extraction.In multivariate analyses,risk factors for endoscopic complications and failure were sharpness(HR = 2.48,95%CI: 1.07-5.72; P = 0.034) and a greater than 12-h duration of impaction(HR = 2.42,95%CI: 1.12-5.25,P = 0.025).CONCLUSION: In cases of longer than 12 h since foreign body ingestion or sharp-pointed objects,rapid endoscopic intervention should be provided in patients with ingested foreign bodies.     

气囊扩张和根除幽门螺杆菌治疗幽门梗阻

目的 前瞻性观察经内镜气囊扩张和根除Hp对十二指肠球部溃疡并幽门梗阻预后的影响。方法 十二指肠球部溃疡并幽门梗阻用TTS气囊扩张,Hp感染用尿素酶、组织学和血抗体测定,根除Hp用^14C尿素呼气试验。结果 21例均成功经内镜气囊扩张而无并发症,最后气囊直径：12mm10例,15mm8例,18mm3例,4例需重复扩张者为严重狭窄。18例（85.7%)诊断为可能有Hp感染,而行1周四根除细菌治疗,平均随访13月,无复发。余3例未行根除者中2例短期内复发而行外科切除,1例服抑酸剂无复发。结论 气囊扩张和根除Hp治疗对十二指肠球部溃疡并幽门梗阻有较好的效果。     

Endoscopic management of impacted esophageal foreign bodies

There are many reports on the endoscopic management of ingested foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract, however, little is known about the management of a specific subset of esophageal foreign bodies – impacted esophageal foreign bodies (IEFBs), especially perforating esophageal foreign bodies (PEFBs). The aim of this retrospective study on 78 cases was to report experience and outcome in the endoscopic management of the IEFBs in Chinese patients. From January 2006 to July 2011, a total of 750 patients with suspected upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies were admitted to the endoscopy center. Among these 750 patients, 78 cases that met the defined criteria of IEFBs were retrospectively enrolled in the present study, including 12 cases (12/78, 15.4%) with PEFBs. The major types of IEFBs were poultry bones (35.9%) and fish bones (17.9%). Most of the IEFBs (80.8%) were located in the upper esophagus, as were two thirds (66.7%) of the PEFBs. Foreign‐body retrieval forceps were the most frequently used accessory devices. Extraction of IEFBs failed in eight patients (10.3%) during the endoscopic procedure. The difficult points in endoscopic management were PEFBs, IEFBs with sharp points, and those with impaction for more than 24 hours. IEFBs should be treated as early as possible, and their endoscopic management is safe and effective. Endoscopic management is the first choice for PEFBs when the duration of impaction is less than 24 hours and there are no abscesses outside of the esophageal tract as determined by a computed tomography scan.     

胃镜下治疗上消化道异物413例体会

目的探讨通过胃镜治疗上消化道异物的方法及效果。方法采用胃镜行上消化道异物取出术。结果共413例上消化道异物患者,均成功取出异物,成功率100%,无上消化道穿孔、大出血、纵膈穿孔等严重并发症。大部分患者术后观察30 min,无异常离院,10例患者留观24～72 h后离院。结论经内镜治疗上消化道异物简单有效,安全可靠。     

Current situation of endoscopic treatment for common bile duct stones

Background/Aims: The progression of endoscopy and devices as well as newly developed treatment methods have enabled endoscopic lithotomy. In this study, we examined to what degree is it possible to endoscopically treat patients who are diagnosed as having common bile duct stones. Methodology: Lithotomy was conducted using a backward side-viewing endoscope for patients without surgical history of upper gastrointestinal tract and patients with stomach reconstructed with Billroth-I method, using an ordinary endoscope for patients with stomach reconstructed with Billroth-II method (Bil-II) and using a double balloon endoscope for patients with difficulty in reaching the papilla or patients of Roux-en-Y anastomosis (R-Y). As for treatment methods, we selected endoscopic sphincterotomy as the first choice for papilla treatment and selected endoscopic papillary balloon dilation for patients with bleeding tendency or patients of Bil-II or R-Y. For patients with multiple stones or giant stones, lithotripsy was selected depending on judgment of the endoscopist. Results: Endoscopic complete lithotomy was successful in 97.7% (168/172). An accidental disease was observed in 2.9% (5/172). In one patient with the perforated gastrointestinal tract, a surgery was performed but others were mild. Conclusions: Common bile duct stones can be endoscopically treated safely with high rate.     

Foreign bodies and caustic lesions

Foreign body ingestions, food bolus impactions, and caustic agent injuries are frequent but specific situations. Although most foreign bodies will naturally pass through the digestive tract, practitioners should recognize specific situations were endoscopic management is required. In such cases, timing and adequate equipment are critical. Endoscopic treatment is successful in about 95% of patients. Severe complications (including oesophageal perforations) are rare. Underlying diseases (including eosinophilic oesophagitis) must be investigated after food bolus impaction. Accidental or suicidal ingestion of corrosive agents may result in severe upper gastrointestinal tract injuries requiring a multidisciplinary approach including gastroenterologists, surgeons, otorhynolaryngologists, anaesthesiologists and psychiatrists. Treatment includes conservative management of patients with mild injuries, while patients with severe injuries undergo emergency surgical exploration. At distance of the ingestion episode, oesophageal reconstruction is required in patients who underwent oesophageal resection and in patients who developed oesophageal strictures that failed dilatation.     

Determinants of hemodynamic results of balloon dilation of aortic recoarctation.

Between October 1982 and May 1990, balloon dilation of aortic recoarctation was attempted in 27 patients. In 1 case dilation was not performed owing to suspected aortic perforation. The remaining 26 patients had 30 procedures. The age at the first dilation ranged between 2.6 months and 18.3 years. After dilation, systolic gradient decreased from 49 +/- 17 mm Hg to 20 +/- 17 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). A reduction of gradient to less than or equal to 20 mm Hg occurred after the first dilation in 17 of 26 (65%) patients. Residual gradients between 25 and 80 mm Hg were present in the remaining 9 patients. During follow-up of 2 months to 6.7 years, 5 of 17 patients with a good initial result developed further recoarctation (2 had successful redilation, 2 had reoperation, and 1 is awaiting repeat dilation). Of 9 patients with gradients greater than 20 mm Hg after the first dilation, 1 had successful redilation and 3 had reoperation. The remaining 5 patients are being managed conservatively. 2 patients developed aneurysms after dilation (1 immediately and the other at 2 months). In all, 15 patients (58%) had a good, and 11 (42%) a poor late hemodynamic result. Aortic diameters at different levels of the aortic arch and at the reconstructed isthmus (normalized to the aorta at the level of the diaphragm) were significantly higher in the group with a good late result than in that with a poor one. Balloon/aortic diameter ratio at diaphragm level also had a significant influence on the late results.     

Outcomes of transcatheter balloon angioplasty of obstruction in the neo-aortic arch after the Norwood operation

Obstruction of the reconstructed aortic arch, or the neoaortic arch, is now known to be an important factor increasing mortality after the Norwood operation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Transcatheter balloon angioplasty has been shown to provide effective relief of both native aortic coarctation and obstructions of the aortic arch occurring subsequent to therapeutic intervention. We sought to determine the outcomes of balloon angioplasty used as an initial treatment for obstruction of the neoaortic arch occurring after the Norwood operation. We gathered the characteristics of 58 patients with such obstruction from 8 institutions, noting procedural factors and outcomes of initial balloon dilation. Obstruction occurred at a median interval of 4 months, with a range from 1.5 months to 6.3 years, after a Norwood operation. Ventricular dysfunction was present before dilation in 13 patients. Mean peak to peak systolic pressure gradients were acutely reduced from 31+/-20 mm Hg to 6+/-9 mmHg (p<0.001), with outcome subjectively judged to be successful in 89%. Three patients with pre-existing ventricular dysfunction died within 48 hours of dilation. There were 10 additional deaths during the period of follow-up, with Kaplan Meier estimates of survival after intervention of 87% at 1 month, 77% at 12 months, and 72% after 15 months. In addition, 9 patients required re-intervention during the period of follow-up, with Kaplan Meier estimates of freedom from re-intervention after dilation of 87% at 6 months, 78% at 12 months and 74% after 18 months. Although transcatheter dilation of neoaortic arch obstructions after Norwood operation is successful, there is a high risk of re-intervention and ongoing mortality in this subgroup of patients. Close follow-up is recommended.