国产磷酸阿奇霉素体外抗菌作用试验

目的：检测国产磷酸阿奇霉素（Azithromycin)以及对照乳糖酸红霉素对临床分离致病菌的体外抗菌作用。方法：测定药物对常见致病菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）、最小杀菌浓度（MBC）及杀菌曲线等。结果：磷酸阿奇霉素对革兰氏阳性菌的抗菌作用较强,MIC90在0．25－16mg/L范围内;在2.0mg/L时,对肺炎球菌表现出较强的杀菌作用。对革兰氏阴性菌也有一定的抗菌作用,但明显优于红霉素,MIC90为红霉素的1／4。结论：磷酸阿奇霉素对革兰氏阳性菌的抗菌作用与红霉素相似,对革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌作用优于红霉素,该药与红霉素有交叉耐药性。     

国产注射用枸橼酸阿奇霉素体内外抗菌作用研究

目的:评价国产注射用枸橼酸阿奇霉素的体内、外抗菌活性并与进口阿奇霉素进行比较.方法:体外实验采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定两种阿奇霉素对临床分离的220株致病菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC);体内实验采用金葡菌、肺炎链球菌及大肠杆菌感染小鼠建立动物模型,阿奇霉素皮下注射给药对感染动物进行治疗,评价对感染小鼠的保护作用.结果:体外实验结果表明国产品与进口品对需氧革兰氏阳性球菌,革兰氏阴性杆菌以及厌氧菌的体外抗菌谱,MIC50,MIC90基本一致;体内实验结果显示国产阿奇霉素对细菌感染的小鼠EDso分别为1.9、0.71、14.6mg/kg,进口阿奇霉素分别为2.4、0.55、15.3mg/kg,国产注射用枸橼酸阿奇霉素的体内疗效与进口样品基本相同.结论:国产注射用枸橼酸阿奇霉素和进口阿奇霉素具有相同的抗菌谱和抗菌活性.     

盐酸头孢他美酯体外抗菌作用

目的：评价国产头孢他美酯对临床常见致病菌的体外抗菌活性。方法：采用试管二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和采用肉汤二倍稀释平板活菌计数法测定最低杀菌浓度（MBC），并对其影响因素进行测定，同时与对照药头孢克洛进行对比。结果：盐酸头孢他美酯对化脓性链球菌、肺炎链球菌等革兰氏阳性菌，及对大肠杆菌、克雷伯氏肺炎杆菌、奇变形杆菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌等革兰氏阴性菌均有较强的抗菌活性，其MIC50及MIC90的结果明显优于头孢克洛；对金黄色葡萄球菌、粪链球菌、绿脓杆菌的作用较差。结论：国产头孢他美酯对临床常见致病菌有良好的体外抗菌作用，其抗菌活性几乎不受培养基PH值及血清蛋白结合率的影响。     

克拉霉素的体外抗菌作用

测试克拉霉素对166株临床分离的革兰阳性和阴性菌的体外抗菌活性,并与其他8种抗生素进行对比。克拉霉素对肺炎球菌的抗菌活性和红霉素相似,前者的MIC_(50)及MIC_(90)分别为0.015mg/L和0.01mg/L,后者的MIC_(50)及MIC_(90)分别为0.015mg/L和0.03/L。克拉霉素对非产酶金葡菌的作用比红霉素约强8倍。0.5mg/L的本品即能抑制90％的各组链球菌,对流感杆菌的抑菌率也高这95％。结果表明克拉霉素的抗菌作用明显优于其他大环内酯类抗生素。     

八种广东传统汤料干花水提取物的抗菌活性研究

目的了解霸王花等8种广东传统干花水提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌等7种常见肠道致病菌的抗菌作用。方法选取霸王花、木棉花、扁豆花、葛花、密蒙花、金银花、槐花及虫草花这8种广东传统干花,分别制成水提取物,采用微量稀释法,测定它们的水提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、福氏志贺氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌及表皮葡萄球菌这7种常见的致病菌的抑菌率、最小抑菌浓度及最小杀菌浓度,并对其抗菌活性进行评价。结果 8种干花都具有较强的抗菌能力,且对革兰氏阳性菌的抗菌作用强于革兰氏阴性菌,对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌能力最强,葛花、密蒙花的抗菌作用次之。而虫草花的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度低于其它干花。虫草花对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为67.5mg/mL。结论虫草花、槐花、金银花等广东传统汤料干花具有一定的抗菌作用。     

阿奇霉素的药物特点与临床应用

阿奇霉素Azithromycin(AZ),化学名:9-脱氧-9a-氮杂-9a甲基-9a-红霉素A,商品名:泰力特,大环内酯类抗生素.它是红霉素A衍生物,为半合成抗生素,阿奇霉素除保留红霉对革兰氏阳性菌的作用外,对部分革兰氏阴性菌,厌氧菌及细胞内病原体亦有良好的抗菌活性特别有助于混合感染的治疗.例如阿奇霉素对流感嗜血杆菌和淋球菌的活性比红霉素强4倍以上,对军团茵的活性强2倍,对由十二指肠溃疡患者肠粘膜中分离的幽门螺旋杆菌也有效,对其他病原微生物,如肺炎支原体,沙眼衣原体等也有很好的疗效.体内保护实验结果明显优于红霉素.     

罗红霉素干混悬剂体外抗菌作用及体内保护作用实验研究

[目的 ]研究罗红霉素干混悬剂体外抗菌作用及体内保护作用 .[方法 ]测定最小抑菌浓度、最小杀菌浓度及ED50 .[结果 ]罗红霉素对多数革兰氏阴性菌有较好的抑菌作用 ,对金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、流感杆菌的MIC50 分别为 0 .78,0 .78,1.5 6 ,1.5 6mg/L ,MIC90 分别为 6 .2 5 ,12 .5 0 ,6 .2 5 ,12 .5 0mg/L .对金黄色葡萄菌ED50 为 116 .9mg/kg ,对照药罗力得干混悬剂ED50 为 10 9.8mg/kg ;对流感杆菌ED50 分别为 5 5 .7mg/kg和 5 1.9mg/kg .[结论 ]罗红霉素干混悬剂与同类进口药罗力得干混悬剂体外抗菌实验及体内保护实验结果无显著差异 .     

桉叶油体外抗菌作用的初步实验研究

本文对桉叶油溶液抗菌作用进行了实验研究，当金黄色葡萄球菌为10~8个／ml时，65％桉叶油溶液的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为1．3mg／ml，桉叶油丹参溶液MIC为0．163mg／ml，其最小杀菌浓度（MBC）分别为2．63mg／ml和0．326mg／ml。桉叶油对革兰阳性菌有抑菌作用，而桉叶油丹参复合液对革兰阳性、阴性菌均有较强抑菌作用，结果表明桉叶油及其与丹参的复合液都具有抗菌作用。     

复方替硝唑栓剂的体外抗菌活性研究

目的 测定复方替砂唑栓剂的体外抗菌活性及临床意义。方法 采用试管液体二倍稀释法测定复方替硝唑栓剂的体外最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果 复方替硝唑栓剂对革兰氏阳性菌、阴性菌、厌氧菌均显示很强的抗菌活性，其MBC分别为0．15－0．32mg／L。0．10－0．39mg／L和0．05－0．29/L，并与复方甲硝唑栓剂相比差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）。结论 复方硝唑栓剂治疗妇科炎症具有临床意义。     

国产甲氟哌酸体外抗菌作用的研究

甲氟哌酸(Pefloxacin)对需氧的革兰氏阴性、阳性细菌显示了广谱的抗菌效应。与九种抗菌药体外抗菌活性比较显示:对201株金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC_(50)、MIC_(90)分别为0.25mg/L、1.0mg/L。对多数肠道革蓝氏阴性杆菌(包括大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌属、志贺氏菌属其MIC_(90)为0.25mg/L,对变形杆菌属为2mg/L。对201株绿脓杆菌的MIC_(50、90)分别为2mg/L、8mg/L。其抗绿脓杆菌作用与氧哌嗪青霉素相似,而更优于头孢氨噻肟与庆大霉素。 体外杀菌曲线也显示了该药在4倍的MIC浓度下在8小时及12小时可全部杀灭绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌及痢疾杆菌。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.