Laparoscopic pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction

PURPOSE: We performed laparoscopic pyeloplasty in 11 patients with ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction and evaluated the clinical outcomes of this surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between August 2001 and February 2004, 11 patients with UPJ obstruction underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty in our institute. In all patients, symptoms were presented and UPJ obstruction was confirmed by radiographic examinations. Ten patients had primary obstruction, while one patient had secondary obstruction. Retroperitoneal approach was applied in all but one patient who needed intraperitoneal approach due to secondary obstruction. We performed Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty, Hellstr?m technique and Fenger plasty in 8, 2 and 1 patient, respectively. Nephropexy was performed in 2 patients with nephroptosis, and isthmusectomy was performed in 1 patient with horseshoe kidney, simultaneously. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 312 minutes (210-371) and the mean blood loss (including urine) was 75 ml. No blood transfusion was required, and all procedures were performed safely. Crossing vessels were found in 5 patients (45%). Pyelonephritis was the only postoperative complication, managed by the administration of antibiotics. Symptoms were disappeared without recurrences in all patients at mean follow up time of 18 months (6-36). (CONCLUSION: Although the number of cases was small with relatively short follow up period, the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic pyeloplasty in our institute were almost satisfied, as previously reported by other investigators. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty might be one of the standard treatments for patients with UPJ obstruction, although we should carefully consider about indication, approach and operation method.     

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty for secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has become a viable option for the treatment of select patients with primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction with success rates similar to those of open surgery. However, little has been written on the application of this technique for secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. We report the largest series of secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction managed by laparoscopic pyeloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 1994 and March 2001, 36 patients underwent laparoscopic transperitoneal pyeloplasty for secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. The patients had undergone an average of 1.3 ureteropelvic junction procedures (range 1 to 4) prior to presentation, including cutting balloon retrograde endopyelotomy in 28, antegrade endoscopic endopyelotomy in 7, retrograde endoscopic endopyelotomy in 4, retrograde balloon dilation in 4 and open pyeloplasty in 3. A preoperative diagnosis of recurrent obstruction was confirmed by renal scan in 31 cases, retrograde pyelography in 2 and computerized tomography in 3. Of the 31 patients who underwent spiral computerized tomography angiogram 87% had crossing vessels. Laparoscopic repair comprised dismembered pyeloplasty in 31 cases, Fengerplasty in 3 and flap repair in 2. Postoperative renal scan or excretory urography objective followup was available for all patients at a mean of 10 months (range 3 to 40). Postoperative subjective patient well-being was assessed using an analog pain scale at a mean followup of 21.8 months (range 3 to 85). RESULTS: Average operative time was 6.2 hours (range 2.7 to 10). Average hospital stay was 2.9 days (range 1 to 7). One intraoperative complication occurred, that is bleeding necessitating conversion to an open procedure. Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cases, including anastomotic leakage in 4, and urinary tract infection, pneumonia, atelectasis, fever, bilateral upper extremity weakness and stone formation 2 months postoperatively in 1 each. On excretory urography, furosemide renal scan or the Whitaker test 32 of 36 patients (89%) had a widely patent ureteropelvic junction. Two patients (5.5%) had equivocal radiographic studies but were asymptomatic. In 2 patients the ureteropelvic junction was obstructed by renal scan. One patient had an indwelling stent for renal function deterioration and 1 was asymptomatic. Hence, 34 of the 36 patients (94%) had a reasonable objective response. Overall a 50% or greater decrease in pain was seen in 32 of 36 patients (89%). In the 4 patients with a less than 50% decrease in pain objective renal scans showed an open ureteropelvic junction. As such, the overall success rate of a greater than 50% decrease in pain, a patent ureteropelvic junction and stable or improved function of the affected renal unit was 83% (30 of 36 patients). CONCLUSIONS: For secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction, laparoscopic pyeloplasty can be performed safely with a success rate comparable to that of standard open pyeloplasty. The patient benefits of laparoscopic ureteropelvic junction repair of secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction are similar to the benefits of laparoscopic repair of primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction.     

Laparoscopic transperitoneal dismembered pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction

PURPOSE: To review the outcome of transperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty (LDP) in our institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From April 2001 to April 2005, 36 men and 34 women underwent LDP for symptomatic and radiologically proved ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. A successful outcome was defined clinically by improvement in symptoms and objectively by improvement in the diuretic renography study performed at 3 and 12 months after reconstruction. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 160.5 +/- 45 minutes with a mean blood loss of 77.8 +/- 52.8 mL. There were no conversions to open surgery. Lower-pole vessels were observed in 38 patients (54.3%). In all cases, the ureter was transposed anteriorly. The mean hospital stay was 3.3 +/- 2.1 days. Postoperative complications were recorded in 4 patients (5.7%). One patient developed an anastomotic stricture. A successful outcome was achieved in 68 of the 70 patients (97.1%) at a mean follow-up of 27.6 +/- 13.2 months. CONCLUSION: Our results further strengthen the evidence that LDP has a reliable medium-term outcome with the added benefit of being minimally invasive.     

Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children

Objectives:   To present our initial experience with laparoscopic pyeloplasty and to evaluate the safety and short-term outcome of this technique in children.
Methods:   Thirteen kidney units in twelve children underwent laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty for the management of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) at our institution between 2005 and 2008. Patient age at surgery was 18–177 months (mean 89.8 months). There were six boys and six girls. Ten had unilateral UPJO with a normal contralateral kidney, one had bilateral UPJO and one had UPJO of a solitary kidney. We used 3- and 5-mm instruments for grasping, blunt dissection, incising and suturing to facilitate safe and precise surgery. The outcome was measured by the operative time and resolution of obstruction and symptoms.
Results:   Median operative time was 275 min (range 154–420). There was a slight relationship between age and operative time. No major perioperative complications occurred in any cases. Median renal pelvic anterior–posterior diameter at ultrasonography significantly decreased from 8.6 cm (range 3.8–22.0) preoperatively to 3.9 cm (1.0–8.9) postoperatively ( P  < 0.05). The median pre- and postoperative split renal function on diuretic renography in unilateral cases was 37.3% (range 29.7–46.4) and 39.5% (27.8–48.0), respectively. Overall, successful resolution of UPJO was observed in 12 of 13 kidneys (92.3%).
Conclusions:   Laparoscopic pyeloplasty represents a safe and effective option in the surgical treatment of children with UPJO.     

腹腔镜下手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄

目的 评价腹腔镜下手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄梗阻(UPJO)的疗效.方法 UPJO患者102例.男56例,女46例.平均年龄31(6～62)岁.左侧53例,右侧49例.102例均经临床及影像学检查证实.肾盂分离平均28(20～46)mm,重度积水21例、中度63例、轻度18例.采用腹膜后径路行离断式肾盂输尿管成形术.术中打开肾周筋膜,以肾下极为标志游离出肾盂输尿管连接部,切除狭窄部分,肾盂输尿管端端连续吻合并留置双J管.结果 102例手术均成功.手术时间平均120(70～180)min,术中出血量平均80(50～100)ml.无严重并发症发生.术后住院平均8.5(6～14)d.102例随访平均9(3～15)个月,经B超复查肾积水消失30例,72例肾盂分离较术前平均减少12(8～26)mm.IVU检查85例吻合口无狭窄.结论 腹腔镜下离断式肾盂输尿管成形术治疗UPJO有效、可行,可以替代开放手术.     

腹腔镜下手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄

目的 评价腹腔镜下手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄梗阻(UPJO)的疗效.方法 UPJO患者102例.男56例,女46例.平均年龄31(6～62)岁.左侧53例,右侧49例.102例均经临床及影像学检查证实.肾盂分离平均28(20～46)mm,重度积水21例、中度63例、轻度18例.采用腹膜后径路行离断式肾盂输尿管成形术.术中打开肾周筋膜,以肾下极为标志游离出肾盂输尿管连接部,切除狭窄部分,肾盂输尿管端端连续吻合并留置双J管.结果 102例手术均成功.手术时间平均120(70～180)min,术中出血量平均80(50～100)ml.无严重并发症发生.术后住院平均8.5(6～14)d.102例随访平均9(3～15)个月,经B超复查肾积水消失30例,72例肾盂分离较术前平均减少12(8～26)mm.IVU检查85例吻合口无狭窄.结论 腹腔镜下离断式肾盂输尿管成形术治疗UPJO有效、可行,可以替代开放手术.     

腹腔镜下手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄

目的 评价腹腔镜下手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄梗阻(UPJO)的疗效.方法 UPJO患者102例.男56例,女46例.平均年龄31(6～62)岁.左侧53例,右侧49例.102例均经临床及影像学检查证实.肾盂分离平均28(20～46)mm,重度积水21例、中度63例、轻度18例.采用腹膜后径路行离断式肾盂输尿管成形术.术中打开肾周筋膜,以肾下极为标志游离出肾盂输尿管连接部,切除狭窄部分,肾盂输尿管端端连续吻合并留置双J管.结果 102例手术均成功.手术时间平均120(70～180)min,术中出血量平均80(50～100)ml.无严重并发症发生.术后住院平均8.5(6～14)d.102例随访平均9(3～15)个月,经B超复查肾积水消失30例,72例肾盂分离较术前平均减少12(8～26)mm.IVU检查85例吻合口无狭窄.结论 腹腔镜下离断式肾盂输尿管成形术治疗UPJO有效、可行,可以替代开放手术.     

Retroperitoneoscopic pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Retroperitoneoscopy is an established procedure for renal surgery. We evaluated our results with retroperitoneoscopic pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 14 female and 10 male patients, a retroperitoneoscopic pyeloplasty was performed (13 right/11 left). Four patients had previously had an endopyelotomy. The operation was performed using standard retroperitoneoscopic technique with the patient in a flank position. After preparation of the ureter and renal pelvis, the UPJ was resected in 22 patients in an Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty. Twenty of these patients had a crossing vessel. The other two patients, who had small renal pelves, were operated on with a Fenger pyeloplasty. In all patients a 7F double-J stent was placed. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 189 minutes (range 70-360 minutes), and the average blood loss was 110 mL (range 50-400 mL). There were no intraoperative complications, although one patient with adhesions and scarring after previous endopyelotomy had to be converted to open surgery. The transurethral catheter was left for 7 days in the first 10 cases and for 4 days in the 14 subsequent patients. The hospitalization time was 9.7 and 7.5 days, respectively. The only postoperative complication was a urinoma, which was punctured. The double-J catheter was removed after an average of 4.6 weeks (range 4-8 weeks). Intravenous urography 6 weeks later showed no obstruction. The mean follow-up time was 11.5 months (range 1-24 months) with no signs of obstruction on ultrasonography. CONCLUSIONS: Retroperitoneoscopic pyeloplasty for UPJ obstruction is a safe and effective procedure. Our short-term results are similar to those of open pyeloplasty with the advantage of a minimally invasive approach.     

腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂输尿管移行处狭窄

目的:评价腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂输尿管移行处狭窄(UPJ)的临床效果。方法:经腹腔路径对19例确诊的UPJ行腹腔镜离断式肾盂输尿管成形术,男12例,女7例,肾脏积水重度6例,中度8例,轻度5例,IVU13例显影良好,6例显影延迟。结果:19例手术全部成功,手术时间110~240min,平均150min,术中出血50~100m1,术后住院6~10d,平均7.8d,无严重并发症发生,随访3~15个月,肾积水程度均减轻,IVU无吻合口狭窄。结论:腹腔镜下离断式肾盂输尿管成形术治疗UPJ有效、可行,可以替代开放手术。     

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction: Outcome of initial 12 procedures

BACKGROUND: Open pyeloplasty has been the gold standard for surgical treatment of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, enjoying a long-term success rate exceeding 90%. Unfortunately, this procedure requires a muscle incision that entails some degree of morbidity. We have, therefore, investigated the feasibility of laparoscopic pyeloplasty for UPJ obstruction and report here the outcomes of our early cases. The median follow up is 25 months (range, 12-42 months). METHODS: Between March 1999 and September 2001 we performed laparoscopic pyeloplasty on 12 ureters in 11 patients presenting with symptomatic hydronephrosis, secondary to a short stenosis of the UPJ or to ventrally crossing vessels; bilateral pyeloplasty was performed as a single procedure in one patient. We performed dismembered Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty, Fenger plasty and Y-V plasty in eight, two and two ureters, respectively. All procedures were carried out transperitoneally. RESULTS: The procedure was completed successfully in all cases. Crossing vessels were noted in six of 12 ureters (50.0%). Mean operative time and blood loss in 11 patients (including one bilateral case) were 272.8 min (range, 175-480 min) and 96.4 mL (range, 20-340 mL), respectively. Postoperative complications were noted in two patients (18.2%): one instance of prolonged urine leakage and one anastomotic re-stricture. Eleven of 12 ureters (91.6%) demonstrated a patent UPJ on excretory urography and/or improvement of renal function on diuretic renography at a minimum follow up of 12 months. CONCLUSION: Although the procedure requires advanced laparoscopic skills, it can be safely and successfully completed as frequently as the conventional open procedure. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty seems to be a valuable alternative to open pyeloplasty for UPJ obstruction.     

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty in secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction after failed open surgery

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has been accepted as a helpful option for the treatment of primary ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. We report the results of laparoscopic pyeloplasty in cases with secondary UPJ obstruction after failed open pyeloplasty. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between September 2003 and March 2006, 18 patients with secondary UPJ obstruction secondary to failed open surgery who had undergone laparoscopic pyeloplasty using different techniques were enrolled in this study. The mean age and male-to-female ratio were 29.8 years (range 5-65 years) and 14: 4, respectively. Pain, fever, duration of the operation, changes in renal function, and rate of complications were reviewed. RESULTS: The mean operation time and average hospital stay were 254 +/- 82 minutes and 7.2 days (range 3-12 days), respectively. The mean follow-up was 14.1 months (range 4-25.5 months). No intraoperative complication occurred. Flank pain, urinary-tract infection, and severe hydronephrosis decreased from 88.9% to 22.2%, 33.3% to 0, and 83.3% to 16.6%, respectively. After laparoscopic pyeloplasty, 100% of patients had improvement in renal function. The number of patients with >50% washout on the DTPA scan 10 and 20 minutes after furosemide injection were 0 and 2 before the operation and 5 and 12 after the operation (27.8% and 62.5% increment, respectively). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty can be used with acceptable success rate in secondary UPJ obstruction in patients with previous open pyeloplasty.     

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty and pyelopyelostomy for ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a duplicated collecting system

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction can be associated with renal anomalies. We present a case of symptomatic ureteropelvic junction obstruction associated with a duplicated collecting system that was successfully treated by laparoscopic pyeloplasty and concomitant pyelopyelostomy. The operative time was 210 minutes, and the blood loss was 20 mL. The inpatient stay was 4.5 days, and the patient returned to work after 28 days. Subsequent renograms confirmed improvement in renal function and resolution of obstruction. After 1 year, the patient remained asymptomatic. This is a feasible minimally invasive procedure for this condition that requires advanced reconstructive and intracorporeal suturing skills.     

后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术

目的 探讨后腹腔镜下肾盂成形术的技术特点及临床应用价值. 方法 采用后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄患者41例.男20例,女21例.平均年龄30(12～45)岁.左侧23例,右侧18例.有腰痛症状者31例,无症状体检发现者10例.其中孤立肾1例、马蹄肾3例、合并结石3例.41例均经临床及影像学检查证实.术中采用顺行置管和连续缝合技术.手术成功标准为患者症状消失,利尿肾图、IVU检查结果明显改善. 结果 41例平均手术时间160(95～300)min,平均出血量35(20～80)ml,无中转开放手术者.术中发现异位血管10例,均将输尿管置于血管腹侧.3例合并结石者均完整取出结石.术后发生漏尿1例,延长引流管放置时间,术后14 d漏尿停止.未发生其他并发症.平均住院时间7.5(5～14)d.平均随访28(13～52)个月,1例术后12个月因吻合口狭窄行开放手术治愈,手术成功率97.6%(40/41). 结论 后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术适应证广,效果肯定,可能成为治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的标准方法.     

不置支架管的离断性肾盂成形术治疗先天性肾积水

目的：评价不留置支架管作离断性肾盂成形术。方法：1997年1月～1999年12月19例患儿因肾盂输尿管连接处梗阻在本院行未留置支架管的离断性肾盂整形手术。结果：1例术后出现吻合口尿外渗(5．3％)。术后平均住院6．5d，随访3～6个月，患肾形态功能经B超及利尿性动态肾核素扫描证实有不同程度的提高。结论：我们认为不置管的离断性肾盂整形手术可应用于原发性、无其他并发症的单侧肾盂积水，其较短暂的住院时间及相对低廉的医疗费用及术后较少的并发症可作为一种常规的手术方式。     

腹腔镜辅助小切口肾盂成形术治疗小婴儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻

目的:总结腹腔镜辅助小切口离断性肾盂成形术治疗小婴儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的手术方法与经验。方法:回顾分析2009年10月至2012年8月为16例小婴儿行腹腔镜辅助小切口离断性肾盂成形术的临床资料。其中男13例,女3例;平均(3.9±1.4)个月;左侧12例,右侧4例。结果:16例手术均顺利完成。手术时间平均(74.7±10.6)min;术后无一例发生尿漏。术后均获随访,术后1、3、6个月定期B超检查,肾积水均有一定程度改善,肾盂宽度较术前明显改善。结论:与开放手术相比,腹腔镜辅助小切口离断性肾盂成形术治疗小婴儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻具有患儿创伤小、出血少、住院时间短、术后康复快等优点;与腹腔镜肾盂成形术相比,具有缝合技术方面的优势,手术时间缩短,并发症发生率低。