人IL-31的克隆表达及对表皮角化细胞的影响

目的克隆人IL-31基因,构建真核表达载体,研究人IL-31对表皮角化细胞HaCaT的影响及其作用机制。方法PMA、PHA刺激正常人外周血单个核细胞,提取细胞总RNA,采用RT-PCR克隆人IL-31基因,并将其克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1/myc-His（-）A,进行PCR和双酶切鉴定,并进行序列测定。将重组质粒转染CHO细胞,用RT-PCR和Western blot分析rhIL-31在CHO细胞中的表达。用Ni^2＋树脂纯化his融合蛋白,用不同剂量rhIL-31刺激HaCaT细胞,利用Transwell穿孔板检测HaCaT细胞培养上清对外周血单个核细胞的趋化作用,荧光定量PCR检测rhIL-31对HaCaT表达趋化因子的影响,Western blot检测STAT3磷酸化。结果成功获得全长人IL-31基因,测序正确,经双酶切、PCR和序列测定鉴定,真核表达质粒构建正确,可在CHO细胞中表达;该目的蛋白刺激人表皮角化细胞HaCaT,细胞培养上清对外周血单个核细胞有趋化作用,HaCaT细胞表达趋化因子MDC、TARC、I-309;细胞STAT3磷酸化增加。结论IL-31作用于正常人表皮角化细胞,细胞培养上清对外周血单个核细胞有趋化作用,HaCaT细胞趋化因子表达增加,细胞STAT3磷酸化增加,提示IL-31可通过STAT3发挥作用。     

重组hIL-31抗体制备及其拮抗皮肤炎症的研究

目的:高效表达重组hIL-31制备IL-31抗体,探讨IL-31抗体拮抗皮肤炎症的作用,为研发IL-31抗体治疗性新药奠定基础.方法:①培养工程苗、IPTG诱导、菌体、超声破碎,用镍NTA柱纯化重组蛋白.②重组hIL-31蛋白溶液加佐剂免疫家兔,制备兔抗IL-31多克隆抗体.③将IL-31抗体分为3个剂量,经皮下注射和皮肤直接涂抹的途径,对已经致皮肤炎症的BALB/c小鼠治疗7d,治疗后3d取治疗部位皮肤作石蜡切片进行HE染色观察组织学变化,并检测血清中IL-6、IL-8、L选择素和MIP-3β等细胞因子的变化.结果:①SDS-PAGE电泳证实获得了高纯度的纯化人IL-31蛋白.②用重组hIL-31蛋白疫苗免疫家兔,在免疫后4周抗体滴度达到高峰,经ELISA法测血清抗体滴度为1:15 000～1:20 000,双扩滴度为1:16.Western blot结果重组IL-31蛋白能与抗IL-31抗体特异性结合.③小鼠皮肤组织切片HE染色显示,治疗组皮下和皮内均有炎症细胞浸润,呈现剂量依赖性趋势.④血清中炎性因子ELISA检测,涂抹组和注射组小鼠血清中IL-6、IL-8、MIP-3β均明显低于阴性对照组(P＜0.05).结论:①获得稳定表达的重组人IL-31蛋白,以此作为免疫原免疫家兔,诱导分泌高滴度的IL-31抗体.②IL-31抗体使皮肤炎症中炎性细胞减少,血清中炎症相关细胞因子明显降低.     

人白细胞介素32基因的克隆表达及其生物学活性的研究

目的:克隆人白细胞介素32(hIL-32)基因,构建高效稳定的hIL-32大肠杆菌表达菌株,并对纯化的目的蛋白进行生物学活性的初步测定.方法:将人外周血单个核细胞( PBMC)经刀豆素A( Con A)刺激60 h后提取细胞的总RNA,通过逆转录聚合酶链式反应( RT-PCR)从刺激的PBMC中扩增出hIL-32的基因,通过基因克隆技术,构建hIL-32在pET-30 a(+)中的重组质粒pET30a-hIL32,用IPTG进行诱导,得到hIL-32的原核表达蛋白;采用Ni2+ -NTA亲和层析方法纯化目的蛋白;应用ELISA方法检测纯化蛋白诱导人PBMC产生IL-6的情况.结果:序列测定表明,hIL-32基因核苷酸长度为567 bp,编码189个氨基酸.重组质粒pET30 -hIL32转化至大肠杆菌BL21( DE3),重组菌菌体裂解物SDS-PAGE可检测到相对分子质量(Mr)为28 000的重组蛋白,表达的重组蛋白IL-32可促进人PBMC产生IL-6,浓度达到(127±4.8)ng/L,而对照组IL-6的浓度仅为(25±2.3)ng/L.结论:成功克隆了hIL-32基因并构建了高效且稳定表达hIL-32基因的大肠杆菌菌株,且表达的目的蛋白能诱导IL-6细胞因子的产生.     

人IL-1β的克隆及其高效可溶性表达

目的:从人淋巴细胞中克隆白介素-1β(IL-1β)cD-NA,通过原核可溶性表达纯化,获得具有生物活性的可溶性IL-1β,为深入研究和利用IL-1β基因奠定基础.方法:从人PBMC中克隆出人成熟IL-1β基因,并插人到原核表达载体pSUMO中SUMO标签的下游,构建重组表达载体pSUMO-hIL-1β.将该载体转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3),IPTG诱导表达hIL-1β/SUMO融合蛋白,经Ni-NTA Agaroae纯化后,表达产物用SDS-PAGE和Western blot进行鉴定.用protease-1切去SUMO标签,用Real time-PCR鉴定其对人T细胞表达的细胞因子的影响.结果:SDS-PAGE分析表明表达产物的相对分子质量(Mr)为37 000,成熟蛋白Mr为17 000,与理论值相符.灰度扫描分析融合蛋白的表达量占菌体蛋白总量的约30%左右,主要以可溶形式存在.Western blot证实该蛋白为hIL-1β.成熟蛋白纯化产物纯度超过90%以上.通过RT-PCR检测证明其具有刺激人T细胞大量表达多种细胞因子(IL-1β,IL-4,IL-10,IL-18,IFN-γ,TGF-β,TNF-α)的活性.结论:利用大肠杆菌表达系统完全可以高效可溶性表达较高纯度的具有生物活性的hIL-1β蛋白.     

慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞中趋化因子水平与干扰素治疗的关系

目的了解丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)慢性感染患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中趋化因子mRNA表达水平及与α干扰素(IFN-α)治疗的关系. 方法以实时反转录-聚合酶链反应(real-time RT-PCR)法动态观察35例慢性丙型肝炎患者接受IFN联合利巴韦林治疗前、治疗3个月、6个月后其外周血单个核细胞中白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、T细胞活化蛋白-3(TCA-3/I-309)、γ干扰素诱生的单核因子(MIG)、胸腺及活化调节趋化因子(TRAC)和巨噬细胞源性趋化因子(MDC)的mRNA表达水平. 结果治疗前慢性丙型肝炎患者IL-8、MIG、TARC和I-309的mRNA表达水平均高于正常对照组(n=12),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.001).治疗过程中IL-8、MIG、TARC的表达水平有显著下降.治疗前的IL-8、MIG和MDC的表达水平在HCV高复制组(HCV RNA＞106 copies/ml,n=21)和HCV低复制组(HCV RNA＜106 copies/ml,n=14)之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),高复制组的表达水平明显高于低复制组.然而上述5个趋化因子的治疗前表达水平在丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)异常组(n=24)和ALT正常组(n=11)之间差异无统计学意义,与干扰素疗效和病毒基因型也无相关性(P＞0.05). 结论 HCV慢性感染能诱导外周血单个核细胞表达IL-8、I-309、MIG和TARC.IFN控制感染后,IL-8、MIG和TARC的表达下降.治疗前的上述趋化因子表达水平与干扰素疗效和肝组织的炎症损伤程度无直接相关性.     

具有中和活性的抗人IL-1β单链抗体的构建

目的构建抗人IL-1β单链抗体(anti-hIL-1βscFv)的原核表达载体,并对其表达的蛋白进行生物学活性检测。方法使用PCR的方法从含有抗人IL-1β抗体基因的质粒中获得抗人IL-1β的单链抗体基因,将其插入原核表达载体pET-27b中,构建重组表达载体pET-27b-hIL-1βscFv。将该载体转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)后诱导表达,经凝胶过滤色谱柱上复性得到可溶的抗人IL-1β的scFv蛋白。使用ELISA方法鉴定scFv抗体的特异性结合活性,使用Real time-PCR的方法检测scFv抗体的中和活性。结果成功地对抗人IL-1β单链抗体进行诱导、表达和复性,蛋白相对分子质量约为28 000。ELISA结果证实scFv蛋白对hIL-1β具有特异性结合能力。Real time-PCR实验结果证实该scFv抗体可以有效阻断人IL-1β刺激人T细胞表达细胞因子IL-18及IL-1β的作用。结论通过原核表达系统得到的抗人IL-1β单链抗体经复性后,与人IL-1β蛋白有特异性结合能力,并且表现出中和活性,为进一步研究人IL-1β相关疾病及其治疗性抗体奠定了基础。     

人重组IL-17/His蛋白的原核表达、纯化及其生物学活性

目的:研究人IL-17的体外生物学活性。方法:采用RT-PCR的方法克隆得到了hIL-17基因序列。将测序正确的人IL-17基因装入PQE3.0原核表达载体构建重组载体hIL-17/PQE3.0。该重组载体导入宿主菌M15,经异丙基β-D硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导产生IL-17/His融合蛋白,并经West-ernblot实验确认。结果:原核表达的hIL-17/His重组蛋白经变性、复性后,利用HiTrapTM亲和层析得到纯品蛋白。体外活性实验表明,该融合蛋白具有刺激人宫颈癌细胞株HeLa分泌IL-6和GM-CSF的作用。结论:制备了具有生物学活性的IL-17/His重组蛋白,为进一步研究该分子在自身免疫疾病等方面的作用奠定了基础。     

IL-31对小鼠肺泡上皮细胞趋化因子表达的影响

目的体外分离培养小鼠Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞,探讨IL-31对肺泡上皮细胞表达趋化因子的影响。方法酶消化法分离及免疫吸附法纯化小鼠Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞,透射电子显微镜观察细胞形态及结构,免疫荧光技术检测细胞SP-A的表达。用100 ng/ml IL-31作用小鼠Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞24 h后提取细胞RNA,PCR芯片检测小鼠肺泡上皮细胞趋化因子及其受体的表达。结果透射电镜观察发现细胞内存在板层小体,呈同心圆状或平行排列;激光共聚焦显微镜观察可见细胞内有黄绿色荧光;小鼠肺泡上皮细胞经100 ng/ml IL-31作用24 h后,基因芯片检测细胞中表达上调的趋化因子和细胞因子基因11个、受体基因8个。结论成功分离培养小鼠Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞,IL-31可诱导肺泡上皮细胞表达趋化因子,表明IL-31可通过诱导趋化因子参与气道炎症反应。     

人IL-37在大肠杆菌表达及多克隆抗体的制备与鉴定北大核心CSCD

目的原核表达白细胞介素37(IL-37)及制备其多克隆抗体。方法 PCR扩增IL-37b成熟肽编码区基因,克隆至表达载体pET28a,转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达,Ni2+-NTA琼脂糖凝胶柱亲和层析纯化重组蛋白,以纯化的重组蛋白IL-37为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠制备其特异性抗体,用ELISA、Western blot法和免疫组织化学染色检测抗体的效价和特异性。结果原核表达了重组蛋白IL-37b成熟肽,并获得高效价的小鼠抗IL-37抗体,能特异性识别天然的IL-37抗原。结论成功制备效价高、特异性好的小鼠抗IL-37抗体。     

人IL-37在大肠杆菌表达及多克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的原核表达白细胞介素37(IL-37)及制备其多克隆抗体。方法 PCR扩增IL-37b成熟肽编码区基因,克隆至表达载体pET28a,转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达,Ni2+-NTA琼脂糖凝胶柱亲和层析纯化重组蛋白,以纯化的重组蛋白IL-37为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠制备其特异性抗体,用ELISA、Western blot法和免疫组织化学染色检测抗体的效价和特异性。结果原核表达了重组蛋白IL-37b成熟肽,并获得高效价的小鼠抗IL-37抗体,能特异性识别天然的IL-37抗原。结论成功制备效价高、特异性好的小鼠抗IL-37抗体。     

Economical and rational in vivo and in vitro diagnosis in Basedow hyperthyroidism

Immunogenic hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) is a life-long ailment. A widespread diagnostic evaluation is essential for unbiased initial values prior to therapy. The major goals of initial investigation are to determine a functional disturbance of the organ, its pathogenesis and morphology. Even a suppressed ultrasensitive bTSH value represents no evidence of overt hyperthyroidism; a positive diagnosis can only be established by the additional presence of increased parameters of circulating free thyroid hormones (fT3, fT4). Evidence of any immunogenic pathogenesis is given by positive thyroid antibody values (TRAK, MAK, TAK). Moreover, the use of sonography (with poor diffuse echo and increased thyroid depth) as well as Tc-99m scan indicating primary autonomy, thyroxine induced hyperthyroidism or painless thyroiditis) may both prove rather useful in a rational and economical diagnosis of Graves' disease.     

The cyclic-AMP concentration in plasma and in muscle in response to exercise and beta-blockade in man

At rest the cAMP concentration in (muscle samples of) the quadriceps femoris ranged from 1.55 to 3.00 μmol per kg dry muscle and in plasma from 15.3 to 32.3 nmol per 1. Blockade of the beta adrenoreceptors with propranolol resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration in muscle at rest, the magnitude of the fall being related to the inital level. Similarly in plasma there was a trend towards lower levels of cAMP in those with the highest pretreatment levels, but the overall change was not statistically significant. There was no relation between the concentrations in muscle and plasma, before or after beta-blockade. Maximum dynamic exercise for 4–8 min resulted in an approximate doubling in the cAMP concentration in both muscle and blood. The increase in plasma was closely related to that in muscle. Beta-blockade inhibited totally the rise in cAMP in muscle during exercise but was marginally less effective in preventing the increase in blood. No increase in plasma or muscle cAMP levels during 40–70 s isometric contraction were observed.     

Age-related impairments in memory and in CREB and pCREB expression in hippocampus and amygdala following inhibitory avoidance training

This experiment examined whether age-related changes in CREB and pCREB contribute to the rapid forgetting seen in aged animals. Young (3-month-old) and aged (24-month-old) Fischer-344 rats received inhibitory avoidance training with a low (0.2 mA, 0.4 s) or moderate (0.5 mA, 0.5 s) foot shock; memory was measured 7 days later. Other rats were euthanized 30 min after training, and CREB and pCREB expression levels were examined in the hippocampus, amygdala, and piriform cortex using immunohistochemistry. CREB levels decreased with age in the hippocampus and amygdala. After training with either shock level, young rats exhibited good memory and increases in pCREB levels in the hippocampus and amygdala. Aged rats exhibited good memory for the moderate but not the low shock but did not show increases in pCREB levels after either shock intensity. These results suggest that decreases in total CREB and in pCREB activation in the hippocampus and amygdala may contribute to rapid forgetting in aged rats. After moderate foot shock, the stable memory in old rats together with absence of CREB activation suggests either that CREB was phosphorylated in a spatiotemporal pattern other than analyzed here or that the stronger training conditions engaged alternate mechanisms that promote long-lasting memory.     

ALA和HMME水凝胶栓剂的制备和体内外释药研究

目的 制备光敏剂5-氨基酮戊酸(ALA)和血卟啉单甲醚(HMME)水凝胶栓剂,评价其对直肠肿瘤组织的光敏剂递送效率.方法 将皮下移植人直肠癌细胞SW837的BALB/c小鼠随机分为水凝胶栓剂直肠局部给药组、皮肤局部给药组、瘤内注射给药组和静脉注射给药组.用荧光光谱仪测量直肠壁、皮肤和皮下肿瘤中原卟啉(PpⅨ)和HMME的浓度,荧光光谱系统测定相应的光敏剂分布情况.结果 ALA水凝胶栓剂直肠局部给药组的PpⅨ浓度分别是皮肤局部给药组的9.76倍(1 h)和5.80倍(3 h),差异均具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).皮肤局部给药后2h,ALA在肿瘤组织内达到最大穿透深度(3～6 mm).而HMME水凝胶栓剂直肠局部给药后,直肠壁中的HMME浓度极低,且皮肤局部给药后的最大肿瘤穿透深度不足2 mm.结论 与皮肤相比,ALA更易穿透黏膜屏障,以水凝胶栓剂形式直肠局部给药有望成为ALA用于光动力疗法治疗直肠癌的一种给药方式.     

Advances in adult asthma diagnosis and treatment and HEDQ in 2010

This summary reviews research published over the past year on asthma and through the prism of health care delivery and quality. Special attention is given to management, therapeutics, and the role of environmental exposures and their interactions with genetics. The discussion is framed around the 3 stages of translational research: from bench to first studies in human subjects, then to larger efficacy studies in well-defined patient populations, and finally into practice through effectiveness research in real-world settings.     

Ceramide in apoptosis and oxidative stress in allergic inflammation and asthma

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