Human renal antigen defined by a murine monoclonal antibody

Fusion of spleen cells from a mouse immunized with a surgical specimen of a human renal carcinoma with murine P3 myeloma cells resulted in the establishment of a hybridoma cell line that secreted a monoclonal antibody (MKi-1), of IgG1 subclass, which preferentially reacted on kidney crude membrane (CM) preparations. This monoclonal antibody was tested by solid-phase radioimmunometric assay and immunofluorescence (IF) on a panel of tumor cell lines and on CM preparations and cell suspensions from surgical specimens of normal and neoplastic tissues. In addition, cryosections of normal and cancer tissues of various histologic types were tested by IF. The expression of the MKi-1 antigen was limited to normal kidney epithelium, renal cancers, some areas in the pancreas, the apical region of some breast ducts, and a proportion (5-50%) of activated lymphocytes. Electron microscopic study by the immunoperoxidase technique on fixed sections from normal kidney showed that MKi-1 stained the brush border of almost all proximal tubules. The molecule recognized by MKi-1 was a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 140,000.     

Gastrointestinal carcinoma-associated antigen defined by a murine monoclonal antibody

A murine monoclonal antibody, CHIP, has been prepared against a human pancreatic carcinoma cell line, SHAW. With the use of the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique, the CHIP antibody detected an antigen found in 11 of 20 fixed tissue sections of tumors obtained from patients with pancreatic carcinoma. The antibody also detected the antigen in 25 of 26 colon carcinoma specimens, 4 of 6 gastric carcinoma specimens, and 1 of 2 esophageal adenocarcinoma specimens. The antigen was also found in normal proximal jejunum and colon and in small amounts in pancreatic islets and parathyroid. There was no reactivity with normal pancreatic ductal or acinar cells or with mesenchymal tissues.     

A renal cell carcinoma neoplastic antigen detectable by immunohistochemistry is defined by a murine monoclonal antibody

BALB/c mice were hyperimmunized with ACHN (ATCC CRL 1611, American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Maryland), a stable in vitro cell line derived from a malignant pleural effusion in a 22-year-old man with renal cell carcinoma. The hyperimmune spleen cells were fused with NS-1 murine myeloma cells using polyethylene glycol. Hybridoma supernatants were screened for the presence of IgG reactive with detergent extracts of ACHN and nonreactive with detergent extracts of normal kidney tissue. A stable, rapidly growing clone named 5F4 was isolated. Supernatant from 5F4 was used as a primary antibody preparation for avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase staining of multiple cases of renal cell carcinoma, normal tissues, and other tumors. 5F4 produced IgG which reacted with a cytoplasmic structure in paraffin-embedded sections of all renal cell carcinomas tested. There was occasional, weak, granular, cytoplasmic staining of isolated tubular lining cells in adjacent normal kidney.     

Human lung carcinoma monoclonal antibody specific for the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen

A monoclonal antibody, RS1-114, was raised against the human adenocarcinoma of the lung cell line A549. By studying the reactivity of RS1-114 with A549 cells following chemical and enzymatic treatments, it was shown that the epitope is a galactose-containing carbohydrate, which is devoid of sialic acid. Hemagglutination of desialylated RBCs, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay studies with glycoprotein antigens before and after desialylation, and competition studies using peanut agglutinin indicate that monoclonal antibody RS1-114 recognizes the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, a cryptic determinant on human erythrocytes which can be exposed by neuraminidase treatment. It is expressed in an unhidden form on a large percentage of carcinomas and is therefore an important human tumor marker. RS1-114 is reactive with cryptic determinants of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen on white blood cells as well as red blood cells, and it reacts with unhidden determinants on human tumor cell lines. The number of binding sites on carcinoma cells is further increased by neuraminidase treatment. By immunohistochemical staining, it was shown that 75% of the human tumors tested are reactive with RS1-114. These include tumors of the breast, colon, lung, kidney, ovary, and rectum.     

Tumor antigen on benign adenomas and on murine lung carcinomas quantitated by a two-site monoclonal antibody assay

TSP-180 is a Mr 180,000 cell surface protein found on several murine lung carcinomas but not on fibroblast or sarcoma cell lines. Monoclonal antibody 135-13C binds to TSP-180 with high affinity but could not be used to quantitate the protein in tumors and normal tissue (Cancer Res., 41: 3465-3470, 1981). TSP-180 was purified from a transplantable BALB/c carcinoma (line 1 cells) by immunoaffinity chromatography and used as an immunogen to produce another monoclonal antibody (346-11A) to a different epitope on the molecule. A two-site solid-phase radioimmunoassay for TSP-180 was developed to quantitate TSP-180 in tissue extracts. The assay can detect as little as 3 ng of TSP-180 in samples up to 10 mg of protein. Analyses of several lung carcinoma cell lines confirmed that TSP-180 is present in all (five of five) cell lines ranging from 40 to 800 ng per mg of cell protein extract. Mouse tissues from normal and tumor-bearing mice were analyzed for TSP-180. Values for line 1 tumors growing i.m. were about 70 ng of TSP-180 per mg of protein. Normal tissue from normal and tumor-bearing mice contained low levels of TSP-180 from less than 0.3 ng/mg of protein for liver to a high of about 11 ng/mg of protein for leg muscle. Finally, small benign urethane-induced adenomas (1 to 2 mm) from BALB/c mice had moderate amounts of TSP-180 (11 ng/mg of protein), while two primary lung adenocarcinomas in the same animals had 20 and 47 ng/mg of protein, respectively, suggesting that TSP-180 expression may increase with increasing cancer of these tumors. Analyses of individual urethane-induced lung tumors from A/J mice showed that 11 of 13 carcinomas had high levels of TSP-180, while only 1 of 6 adenomas had a detectable amount of TSP-180, and that was at a moderate level. Specific quantitation of tumor markers in normal, benign, and malignant lung tissue may be helpful in identifying different levels of gene expression as tumors progress to more malignant states.     

A new breast carcinoma antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody

A new monoclonal antibody (MoAb), 3E1-2, to human breast carcinoma cells was made. With the use of the immunoperoxidase technique, 3E1-2 was tested on Formalin-fixed and fresh sections of 27 normal and 81 neoplastic tissues, including 37 carcinomas of the breast, 15 lung tumors, 5 colon tumors, and other tumors. Strong uniform staining of the cytoplasm and membrane occurred with the breast carcinoma, whereas with normal breast tissue less intense staining of the luminal membrane was seen; not all cells were reactive with the MoAb. Most other human tumors (with the exception of some lung, kidney, and uterine carcinomas) were nonreactive, and few normal tissues were reactive. The unique features of this new MoAb are: a) reaction with Formalin-fixed as well as fresh tissue; b) lack of a reaction with the cell surface of 43 established cell lines, including 10 lines derived from breast carcinoma cultures; c) variable staining patterns in different breast carcinomas, varying from all cells staining to dense cytoplasmic staining to minimal membrane staining of a few cells; d) a great differential in staining patterns between normal and neoplastic tissue (nonetheless, some normal tissues were 3E-1.2+). The antibody does not detect a tumor-specific antigen, but has a high carcinoma-to-normal breast ratio of staining. In addition, preliminary studies on the sera of 20 patients with carcinoma of the breast have shown that the antigen detected by 3E1-2 is elevated in their serum; 3E1-2 thus has the potential to be used for diagnosis of this disease.     

Membrane antigen in small cell carcinoma of the lung defined by monoclonal antibody SM1

Mouse myeloma cells were fused with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with a cell line derived from human small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung. The cloned hybridoma SM1 produced antibody that was reactive with the surface membrane of SCC cell lines and SCC tumors but not with the membrane of several non-SCC cell lines and tumors. SM1 ascites fluid was used to screen for reactivity of the antibody with other human cancer cell lines, tumor tissues, and normal tissues. SM1 antibody was found to be unreactive with neuroblastoma, adrenal carcinoma, melanoma, and bronchial carcinoid. Reactivity was detected with some breast carcinoma cell lines but not with breast cancer tissue specimens. In the same individual, the antibody was reactive with SCC lung tumor and SCC metastatic to the liver but not with normal tissues, including bronchus, lung parenchyma, liver, kidney, and brain. Human erythrocytes and marrow cells were also unreactive. Since SM1 detects an antigen that is present in greatest amounts on the surface membrane of SCC of the lung, this antibody may be useful in tracing the lineage patterns of human lung cancers.     

Recognition of ovarian cancer antigen CA125 by murine monoclonal antibody produced by immunization of lung cancer cells

In studies aimed at developing monoclonal antibodies against lung adenocarcinomas, we produced a murine monoclonal antibody designated 130-22 by immunizing mice with lung cancer cells. Since in immunoperoxidase staining experiments this antibody was reactive not only with lung adenocarcinomas but also with ovarian carcinomas, we examined its relationship to the ovarian cancer marker CA125, an antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody OC125 produced by immunization of mice with ovarian carcinoma cells. Although CA125 antigen was adsorbed by 130-22 antibody, 125I-labeled 130-22 did not compete with OC125, indicating that although these two antibodies recognized CA125 antigen, they reacted with separate antigenic determinants. The antigen defined by both antibodies was thought to be heat-labile glycoprotein with a molecular weight of over 1,000,000. A series of immunoradiometric assays was developed using combinations of two monoclonal antibodies in a simultaneous forward sandwich mode. Mixed monoclonal antibodies may provide a more sensitive assay for the detection of CA125 than the homologous assay, in which OC125 was used both as a tracer and as a catcher. These results indicate that CA125 is an antigen with two separate epitopes present in both ovarian and lung adenocarcinomas and that combination use of monoclonal antibodies reactive with different antigenic determinants will give certain advantages to the immunoradiometric assay of cancer markers.     

单克隆抗体N-35对肺癌相关抗原的识别

目的：研究和确定肺癌相关抗原的有关特征及其意义。方法：利用抗人肺癌单克隆抗体Ｎ－３５作为免疫探针,经免疫常常和免疫印迹法测定其相关抗原在肺癌细胞系ＧＬＣ－８２、宫颈癌细胞系ＨｅＬａ、肝癌细胞系ＨｅｐＧ－２、乳腺癌细胞系ＰＭＣ、正常人心脏及肺组织的存在及分布情况;用Ｎ－聚糖酶酶解方法确定肿瘤相关蛋白Ｎ３５与糖蛋白分子的关系。用差速离心技术分离肺腺癌细胞系ＧＬＣ－８２亚细胞结构中的胞膜,胞核及线粒体成     

Immunohistochemical localization of human lung adenocarcinoma-associated antigen with a monoclonal antibody

The monoclonal antibody, 5C7, reacted immunohistochemically with 62 out of bronchial cells of normal lung tissue, adjacent to neoplastic lesions, were negative for lung adenocarcinoma-associated antigen. Reactions with the antibody were observed in half the cases of squamous cell lung cancer, but were only sporadic. The antibody appears to react with an antigen which is either restricted to malignant cells or is at least greatly amplified in expression by malignant cells compared to normal human tissues. The major value of this monoclonal antibody at present is in classifying lung cancers as either adenocarcinoma or non-adenocarcinoma.     

E4, a new monoclonal antibody identifying a human prostatic cell surface antigen

The monoclonal antibody E4 (IgG2a, kappa) was raised by immunizing mice with dispersed cells obtained from human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The antibody identifies an antigen abundantly expressed in normal prostate epithelial cells, in benign epithelial prostatic cells and in well- and moderately well differentiated adenocarcinomas of the prostate, whereas poorly differentiated prostatic adenocarcinomas display somewhat less expression. Investigation of the human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line DU 145 revealed E4 immunoreactivity localized to the cell surface. SDS-PAGE analysis under reducing conditions demonstrated an approximate molecular weight of 70,000 for the antigen. The highly specific reactivity with prostate tissue, as well as intense surface staining, especially in well- and moderately well differentiated prostatic adenocarcinomas, makes the E4 antibody a useful immunohistochemical marker and a possible candidate for future immunoscintigraphy and/or targeted radiotherapy.     

Epitope mapping of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen by murine monoclonal antibodies

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) induces a potent protective antibody response in immunized healthy individuals. The antibody response in humans is largely directed to a restricted conformational immunodominant region of HBsAg, identified as "a" determinant. Our aim was generation and characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against recombinant HBsAg and their use for epitope mapping of the antigen. Hybridoma cells were established from Balb/c mice immunized with recombinant HBsAg of the "adw" subtype and cloned by limiting dilution. Specificity of MAbs was studied by indirect ELISA and immunoblotting. Topology of the epitopes was analyzed by competitive and inhibition ELISA. Eight hybridoma clones producing MAbs specific for the immunogen were established. Five of the MAbs recognized overlapping conformational epitopes, whereas the remaining three MAbs were found to identify linear epitopes. Cross-inhibition studies suggest recognition of mutually exclusive epitopes by these MAbs. Our data suggest that, similar to the human system, the mouse antibody response is largely directed to restricted conformational overlapping epitopes of HBsAg.     

A monoclonal antibody to Lewis lung carcinoma variant H-59 identifies a plasma membrane protein with apparent relevance to lymph node adhesion and metastasis

Tumors H-59 and M-27, two stable metastatic variants of the Lewis lung carcinoma, differ in their ability to disseminate lymphatically. Tumor H-59 metastasizes to the regional lymph nodes regardless of the local site of growth and gives rise to widespread lymphatic dissemination, whereas tumor M-27 disseminates hematogenously without involvement of the regional nodes (P. Brodt, Cancer Res., 46: 2442-2448, 1986). In a previous paper we reported that this divergent potential to disseminate lymphatically correlated well with adhesion to frozen sections of syngeneic lymph nodes and spleens (P. Brodt, Clin. Exp. Metastasis, 7: 343-352, 1989). A monoclonal antibody (12/50) specific for tumor H-59 was subsequently generated. This antibody (an IgG1) but not three control antibodies, which reacted with tumor H-59, significantly reduced tumor cell binding to the frozen sections. Western blot analysis revealed that it recognized a plasma membrane protein of Mr 37,000 on tumor H-59 cells. No antibody binding was detected when solubilized plasma membrane preparations of tumor M-27 were used. Subsequent enzymatic assays indicated that the binding of monoclonal antibody 12/50 was insensitive to cell treatment with exoglycosidases but could be significantly reduced by pretreatment of the tumor cells with Pronase. Together these results suggest that monoclonal antibody 12/50 recognizes a cell surface adhesion protein relevant to lymphatic dissemination of this tumor.     

A murine monoclonal antibody specific for a cell-surface antigen expressed by a subgroup of human myeloid leukaemias

Murine monoclonal antibody YB5.B8 was raised against leukaemic blasts from a patient with M1-type acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL). The antibody, which is of IgG1 class, bound to the majority of leukaemic blasts in the immunizing population, but not to cells of an autologous EBV-transformed B cell line. The antigen was not detected on normal blood or bone marrow cells, or on any of the eleven haemopoietic cell lines tested. It was present on some cells in peripheral blood specimens from 7/37 patients with ANLL and 1/5 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and one patient with myelofibrosis with blastic change. In contrast, the antigen was not detected on cells in any of the 32 lymphoid leukaemic specimens tested, or on cells from four patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia in accelerated chronic phase. In the ANLL group, expression of the antigen usually occurred on cells from types M1 or M2 according to the F.A.B. classification, and appeared to be associated with an unfavourable response to chemotherapy. The antigen was removed from the cell surface by digestion with pronase, and was re-expressed after 24 h in culture. Re-expression was prevented by the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, but not by tunicamycin which inhibits glycosylation. Therefore, it seems likely that YB5.B8 binds to a peptide antigenic determinant.     

Recognition with a monoclonal antibody of a cytoplasmic mammary carcinoma antigen, correlated to the estrogen receptor status

Immunohistochemical reactivity of mammary carcinomas with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to human milk fat globule (HMFG) membrane antigens was compared with the estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status of the tumors. Antibody III D 5 stained 55 of the 74 tumors studied, the reaction being of borderline intensity in 19 cases and unequivocally positive in 36 cases. The staining was always cytoplasmic; in addition occasional extracellular III D 5-positive secretory material was observed. Positive reactivity of the tumor with antibody III D 5 was significantly correlated with ER and/or PR content of the tumors. The presence of extracellular, III D 5-positive secretory material correlated to the ER but not to the PR status of the tumors.     

Cell-specific cytotoxicity expressed by a conjugate of ricin and murine monoclonal antibody directed against thy 1.1 antigen

The isolation and characterization are described of a conjugate between ricin, and a thy 1.1-specific monoclonal IgG2a murine antibody synthesized using N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate. The conjugate selectively inhibited protein synthesis in Thy 1.1-positive (AKR SL3) mouse leukemia cells compared to Thy 1.2-positive (AKR/Cu SL1) cells.     

bFGF单克隆抗体抑制小鼠Lewis肺癌转移及血管新生

背景与目的:碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)是一种具有广泛生物学功能的细胞因子,在肺癌等多种肿瘤组织高表达,并参与其发生、发展进程.本研究旨在探讨bFGF单克隆抗体对C57 BL/6小鼠Lewis肺癌移植瘤生长、转移及血管新生的抑制作用.方法:采用皮下接种肿瘤细胞的方法,建立Lewis肺癌自发转移小鼠模型,随机分为PBS组、bFGF单克隆抗体MabF7治疗组,以及正常小鼠IgG阴性对照组,每组8只.自接种第9天开始给药,每3天1次,连续6次.同时观察Lewis肺癌小鼠健康状况,游标卡尺测量皮下移植瘤体积,给药6次后处死小鼠,称瘤质量,取肺组织计数各组小鼠肺表面转移瘤结节数,并用免疫组化法检测CD31的表达,以计算肿瘤组织微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD).结果:MabF7治疗组小鼠肿瘤体积与PBS组相比生长缓慢,小鼠瘤质量为(2.6±1.0)g,较PBS组的(5.1±1.3)g显著降低(P＜0.05);MabF7组小鼠肺表面转移瘤结节数为(3.0±2.1)个,显著低于PBS组的(12.3±2.4)个(P＜0.05).另外MabF7组可显著抑制肿瘤组织MVD表达水平.结论:bFGF单抗可明显抑制C57 BL/6小鼠Lewis肺癌生长及转移,其作用与抑制肿瘤增殖及微血管生成相关.     

Characterization and chromosomal assignment of a human cell surface antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody AUAI

We describe the chromosomal assignment and biochemical characterization of the genetic locus controlled by a human cell surface antigen which is defined by the monoclonal antibody (MAb) AUAI. This gene product is only expressed on epithelial cells. Therefore, human-mouse somatic cell hybrids of epithelial origin were used to assign this gene to chromosome 2. Cell surface iodination of the hybrids and parental cells followed by immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that AUAI detected a single 35-kDa protein. The MAb AUAI reacted on tissue sections with a subset of normal epithelial cells, but in tumours it showed a much wider distribution, though still only on epithelium-derived tumours.     

Identification of a 43-kDa nuclear antigen associated with proliferation by monoclonal antibody K 112

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) K 112 was generated after a single intrasplenic immunization with a recurrent laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma. The antibody detects a 43-kDa nuclear antigen, with a pI of 5.4, which is expressed only in cycling cells. Expression is typically seen in a granular pattern excluding the nucleoli. During mitosis the bulk of the antigen is diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm. Identical reactivity was observed for tissues or cells of all mammalian species tested. These data indicate that MAb K 112 recognizes a protein belonging to the class of cell-cycle-related nuclear antigen molecules.