CT影像评估正常育龄妇女骶髂关节特点60例

正常育龄妇女由于受妊娠、分娩等内分泌变化的影响，骶髂关节的影像学改变较多，常会被误认为骶髂关节炎。实验对60例20～50岁正常育龄妇女进行骶髂关节CT检查，测量骶髂关节间隙宽度及骶髂骨皮质厚度，观察骶髂关节间隙清晰程度、骶髂骨皮质边缘光滑程度及皮质下骨质密度。结果显示正常育龄妇女关节间隙宽度为2．0～4．5mm，27％小于2．0mm，关节间隙随年龄增长而逐渐变宽；骶髂骨皮质厚度随年龄增长逐渐增厚，清晰度降低；33-3％正常育龄妇女为单侧或双侧关节而模糊、骶髂骨面皮质边缘毛糙、软骨下骨质密度不均；15％正常育龄妇女关节腔内可见线条样点状气体样低密度影。提示正常育龄妇女中部分表现为轻度骶髂关节炎改变，应当与骶髂关节炎改变加以区别。     

骨盆骶髂关节旁致密线的测量与臀肌挛缩

背景：临床中多发现以非臀肌挛缩症就诊患者的骨盆平片上骶髂关节旁靠近髂骨翼处存在纵行致密线影,经仔细体格检查及手术病理证实为臀肌挛缩症。目的：分析骶髂关节旁致密线与臀肌挛缩症之间的关系及其在诊疗中的作用。方法：分析50例臀肌挛缩症患者的骨盆平片,其中45例以臀大肌挛缩为主,5例以臀中肌挛缩为主。并以100例非臀肌挛缩症患者的骨盆平片作对照。结果与结论：臀肌挛缩组42例骨盆平片见骶髂关节旁致密线,位于髂骨翼部骶髂关节水平。对照组仅3例见骶髂关节旁致密线。臀肌挛缩组骶髂关节旁致密线的出现率较对照组明显增多（P〈0.01）;以臀中肌挛缩组中有4例表现为骨盆倾斜,仅1例可见髂骨致密线;而臀大肌挛缩组中有40例可见髂骨致密线,两组间差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0.01）,说明致密线的形成系臀大肌挛缩所致,而与臀中肌挛缩无关。提示骨盆平片上骶髂关节旁致密线是影像学检查诊断臀肌挛缩症的一种有价值征象。     

骨盆骶髂关节旁DR致密线与臀肌挛缩症的相关性分析

目的分析臀肌挛缩症的数字化X线（DR）骨盆平片影像表现,提高对髂骨致密线征象和臀肌挛缩症的认识。方法分析50例臀肌挛缩症的DR骨盆平片,并与150例非臀肌挛缩症的骨盆平片进行比较。结果臀肌挛缩症组43例患者的DR骨盆平片发现骶髂关节旁髂骨的纵行、条状致密线影,位于髂骨翼部骶髂关节水平。对照组4例,其骶髂关节旁致密线。臀肌挛缩组骶髂关节旁致密线的出现率较对照组明显增多（P〈0.01）。结论 DR髂关节旁致密线对于臀肌挛缩症早期诊断的临床价值较高。     

骨盆骶髂关节旁致密线的测量与臀肌挛缩

背景:临床中多发现以非臀肌挛缩症就诊患者的骨盆平片上骶髂关节旁靠近髂骨翼处存在纵行致密线影,经仔细体格检查及手术病理证实为臀肌挛缩症.目的:分析骶髂关节旁致密线与臀肌挛缩症之间的关系及其在诊疗中的作用.方法:分析50例臀肌挛缩症患者的骨盆平片,其中45例以臀大肌挛缩为主,5例以臀中肌挛缩为主.并以100例非臀肌挛缩症患者的骨盆平片作对照.结果与结论:臀肌挛缩组42例骨盆平片见骶髂关节旁致密线,位于髂骨翼部骶髂关节水平.对照组仅3例见骶髂关节旁致密线.臀肌挛缩组骶髂关节旁致密线的出现率较对照组明显增多(P < 0.01);以臀中肌挛缩组中有4例表现为骨盆倾斜,仅1例可见髂骨致密线;而臀大肌挛缩组中有40例可见髂骨致密线,两组间差异有非常显著性意义(P < 0.01),说明致密线的形成系臀大肌挛缩所致,而与臀中肌挛缩无关.提示骨盆平片上骶髂关节旁致密线是影像学检查诊断臀肌挛缩症的一种有价值征象.     

致密性髂骨炎临床及影像学分析

目的:观察致密性髂骨炎的临床表现及影像学特征,进一步提高诊断水平。材料与方法:对15例临床诊断为致密性髂骨炎患者的骨盆平片、骶髂关节X线平片及CT表现进行分析,并对临床情况进行随访。结果:15例致密性髂骨炎患者影像学表现为病变累及骶髂关节髂骨面,病变致密且均匀,呈斜三角形,外缘整齐,骶髂关节间隙无受累。临床表现和预后与强直性骶髂关节炎不同。结论:根据临床症状、X线平片及CT可对致密性髂骨炎进行诊断。     

致密性髂骨炎影像学诊断分析

目的：旨在对致密性髂骨炎进行影像学征象的认识和讨论，进一步明确诊断与鉴别诊断。方法：本文对致密性髂骨炎15例及其它骶髂关节病变进行X线平片及CT影像分析，将其影像学表现特征进行归纳与阐述。结果：致密性髂骨炎病变累及骶髂关节髂骨面，病变致密且均匀一致。外缘整齐，呈斜三角形，关节间隙无受累。结论：15例致密性骨炎具有其独特的影像学表现，与其它骶髂关节病变可以鉴别。     

静载荷作用下骨盆三维有限元分析及其生物力学意义

目的：探讨骨盆受到静力载荷作用后的力学行为特征，为临床分析及判断骨盆力学分布、静载荷影响提供力学基础。方法：实验于2002—01／2004—04在第二军医大学长海医院骨科实验室和同济大学牛命科学与技术学院生物力学实验室完成采用计算机仿真模拟方法，将所构建骨盆三维实体模犁导入三维有限元分析软件ANSYS7．0，分别计算单侧髂前上棘和单侧髂骨正后方静载荷作用下骨盆的力学行为表现，静载荷为8000N，分析主直力值，应力分布情况以及主应力方向上骨盆单元的位移。结果：单侧髂前上棘侧方加载下，应力沿着受力点与骶髂关节连线方向传导，没有应力沿着髋臼或者耻骨、坐骨传导；单侧髂骨后方静载荷加载时．应力沿着髂骨纵行方向、髂骨与骶髂关节部位连线方向、同侧耻骨上支传导。结论：分析静载荷作用下骨盆各部位应力分布以及骨盆各个单元在应力作用下的位移变化．有助于临床上进行骨盆损伤内固定力点的选择。     

髂骨致密性骨炎X线CT表现（附10例分析）

目的：探讨髂骨致密性骨炎骶髂关节病变表现特点,以提高诊断与鉴别诊断水平.材料与方法：对10例髂骨致密性骨炎骶髂关节进行X线骨盆前后位拍片及CT平扫,全部为女性,年龄23-49岁,平均33岁.结果：髂骨致密性骨炎双侧髂骨密度增高8例,单侧髂骨密度增高2例,合并耻骨联合局限性硬化1例.双侧骶、髂骨关节面下均密度增高8例.结论：髂骨致密性骨炎多为髂、骶骨关节面下同时受侵,也可合并耻骨联合硬化.     

致密性骨炎的骶髂关节CT表现（附40例分析）

目的：探讨致密性骨关节炎骶髂关节病变表现特点以提高诊断与鉴别诊断水平。材料与方法：对40例致密性骨炎骶髂关节进行CT平扫,全部为女性,年龄16—52岁,平均23．6岁。结果：致密性骨炎双侧髂骨对称性密度增高21例,单侧髂骨密度增高5例。双侧骶．髂骨关节面均密度增高14例。结论：致密性骨炎不只是髂骨侧硬化。也可经累及骶骨。     

髂骨软骨肉瘤1例

病例报告 :女 ,2 0岁 ,维吾尔族。左髋部疼痛一年 ,加重 5个月。　　附图 :骨盆正位片 ,左侧髂骨骨质破坏伴软组织肿胀。体格检查 :左髋部肿胀 ,约 15ｃｍ× 13ｃｍ大小 ,质地硬 ,边界不清楚 ,不活动 ,有压痛 ,皮温稍高。左髋关节活动尚可 ,左下肢比对侧长约 2ｃｍ。骨盆正位Ｘ线片示 :左侧髂骨骨质稀疏破坏伴软组织肿胀 ,病变骨及软组织内见大量絮状增白影 ,髂前上及其周围骨质边缘模糊不规则 ,内侧见更致密影。骶髂关节及髋关节未见累及。手术所见 :肿瘤位于左髂骨 ,并累及周围软组织 ,约15ｃｍ× 12ｃｍ× 10ｃｍ大小 ,质硬 ,切除标本重…     

Does a pelvic belt influence sacroiliac joint laxity?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of different positions and tensions of a pelvic belt on sacroiliac joint laxity in healthy young women. BACKGROUND: Clinical experience has shown that positive effects can be obtained with different positions and tensions of a pelvic belt. A functional approach to the treatment of the unstable pelvic girdle requires an understanding of the effect of a pelvic belt on a normal pelvic girdle. METHODS: Sacroiliac joint laxity was assessed with Doppler imaging of vibrations. The influence of two different positions (low: at the level of the symphysis and high: just below the anterior superior iliac spines) and tensions (50 and 100 N) of a pelvic belt was measured in ten healthy subjects, in the prone position. Data were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Tension does not have a significant influence on the amount by which sacroiliac joint laxity with belt differs from sacroiliac joint laxity without belt. A significant effect was found for the position of the pelvic belt. Mean sacroiliac joint laxity value was 2.2 (SD, 0.2) threshold units nearer to the without-belt values when the belt was applied in low position as compared to the case with the belt in high position. CONCLUSIONS: A pelvic belt is most effective in a high position, while a tension of 100 N does not reduce laxity more than 50 N. RELEVANCE: Information about the biomechanical effects of a pelvic belt provided by this study will contribute to a better understanding of the treatment of women with pregnancy-related pelvic pain.     

External fixation of the pelvic girdle as a test for assessing instability of the sacro-iliac joint

External fixation of the pelvic girdle was used in a consecutive series of ten female patients suffering from suspected chronic instability of the sacro-iliac joint. The condition was attributed to pelvic relaxation after pregnancy in seven patients and to trauma in three. External fixation of the pelvis with a trapezoid frame reduced the average radiographic displacement of the symphysis from 5.0 to 2.4 mm in eight patients, relieved the dorsal pain in seven, and markedly improved walking ability in five. Seven of the ten patients were subsequently subjected to an anterior sacro-iliac joint arthrodesis in which square compression plates and autogenous bone grafts were used. At follow-up examination five of these patients were improved, and two unchanged. The results suggest that external fixation of the pelvis is useful in assessing painful sacro-iliac joint instability and should precede surgical intervention.     

The mechanical effect of a pelvic belt in patients with pregnancy-related pelvic pain

BACKGROUND: Many patients with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain experience relief of pain when using a pelvic belt, which makes its use a common part of the therapy, but there is no in vivo proof of the mechanical effect of the application of a pelvic belt. METHODS: The influence of a pelvic belt on sacroiliac joint laxity values was tested in 25 subjects with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain by means of Doppler imaging of vibrations in prone position with and without the application of a pelvic belt. The belt was adjusted just below the anterior superior iliac spines (high position) and at the level of the pubic symphysis (low position). FINDINGS: Sacroiliac joint laxity values decreased significantly during both applications of a pelvic belt (P<0.001). The application of a pelvic belt in high position decreased sacroiliac joint laxity to a significantly greater degree than the application of a belt in low position (P=0.006). The decrease of laxity significantly correlated with the decrease of the score on the active straight leg raise test (r=0.57 for the low position, P=0.003 and r=0.54 for the high position, P=0.005). INTERPRETATION: Application of a pelvic belt significantly decreases mobility of the sacroiliac joints. The decrease of mobility is larger with the belt positioned just caudal to the anterior superior iliac spines than at the level of the pubic symphysis. The findings are in line with the biomechanical predictions and might be the basis for clinical studies about the use of pelvic belts in pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain.     

External Fixation of the Pelvic Girdle as a Test for Assessing Instability of the Sacroiliac Joint

External fixation of the pelvic girdle was used in a consecutive series of ten female patients suffering from suspected chronic instability of the sacro-iliac joint. The condition was attributed to pelvic relaxation after pregnancy in seven patients and to trauma in three.

External fixation of the pelvis with a trapezoid frame reduced the average radiographic displacement of the symphysis from 5.0 to 2.4 mm in eight patients, relieved the dorsal pain in seven, and markedly improved walking ability in five. Seven of the ten patients were subsequently subjected to an anterior sacro-iliac joint arthrodesis in which square compression plates and autogenous bone grafts were used. At follow-up examination five of these patients were improved, and two unchanged. The results suggest that external fixation of the pelvis is useful in assessing painful sacro-iliac joint instability and should precede surgical intervention.     

Ultrasound evaluation of hydronephrosis of pregnancy.

Four hundred ninety-two patients, including 449 pregnant patients, 39 nonpregnant control patients, and 4 patients with pelvic masses, had renal ultrasonography using gray scale technique. Measurements of renal pelvic diameters in the normal pregnant patients revealed an overall incidence of 63 percent renal pelvic dilatation over the nonpregnant controls. Maximum normal renal pelvic diameters were 1.1 cm on the right and 0.9 cm on the left. The maximum normal expected renal pelvic diameter (97.5 percent confidence level) in pregnancy is 2.7 cm on the right and 1.8 cm on the left in the last two trimesters of pregnancy. There was no significant difference between primiparous and multiparous patients, but pregnant patients were significantly different from controls in every trimester (p less than 0.01). Maximum dilatation occurred at 24--28 weeks of gestation. The right renal pelvis was enlarged to the greatest degree in 90 percent of normal patients. Patients with pelvic masses showed a similar pattern of right-sided hydronephrosis.     

坐位骨盆的三维有限元分析

背景：由于骨盆具有复杂的结构,目前对于坐位骨盆的生物力学研究较少,有限元法日益成为骨盆生物力学研究的重要手段。目的：以有限元法研究成人正常静态坐位骨盆应力分布。方法：获取正常成年女性全骨盆CT扫描图像,利用CT数据通过Mimics10.0对图像数据进行重建,利用Geomagic,Proe5.0进行实体建模,输入ANSYS。再根据解剖部位建立骨盆主要韧带。对S1椎体上终板施加600N静载荷模拟坐位时骨盆受力环境,计算该加载方式下骨盆的应力、应变及位移的分布情况。结果与结论：垂直加载600N载荷于骶骨上表面时重力由骶骨经骶髂关节向下传递,到达坐骨结节。此时的坐骨结节处承受较大压应力。有限元模型在静载荷下的特征部位应力、应变值基本能够反应骨盆特有的力学结构特性,模型的准确性较高。计算结果与文献中报道的结果相近,建立的人体全骨盆三维有限元模型较客观地反映人体骨盆的解剖结构和力学特性,可作为骨盆生物力学研究的工具及满足临床研究的需要。     

基于激光快速成型技术正常步态下骨盆应力分布的三维光弹分析

背景:三维有限元技术是对应力真实情况的数字模拟,光弹技术可以真实显示测试模型的整体应力分布.目的:使用激光快速成型技术制备骨盆光弹模型,以三维光弹法研究正常步态下髋臼区域的应力分布特征并与使用有限元法获得的数据进行比较.方法:使用激光快速成型技术制备骨盆光弹模型,包括第5腰椎及双侧股骨近端.在股骨上施加体质量负荷,通过固定在髂骨翼前部髂前上棘髂后上棘及耻骨下支的钢丝施加负荷模拟4组肌群,假定股骨内收15°,支撑相4个子步态股骨从屈曲22°到后伸12°.应力冻结后,沿弓状线切片.在偏振光场中观察等差线及等倾线.结果与结论:①应力集中点位于髂骨中部、髋臼后上、髂耻联合及骶髂关节部位,其中最大应力产生在髋臼后上部.②主应力从从臼顶后上部位向骶髂关节传递,同时部分向耻骨上支传递.随着股骨后伸的加大,臼顶至髂结节区域的应力逐步加大.③髋臼区域的应力主要来源于体质量负荷产生的头臼作用力,肌肉收缩力的作用有限.结果提示,采用三维光弹法可直观全场反映髋臼区域应力分布特征,与既往有限元实验产生的结果基本相符.