不同转移潜能人肝癌细胞株趋化因子受体谱差异表达

目的对比观察不同转移潜能人肝癌细胞株趋化因子受体谱差异性表达。方法Pre- mier软件设计18对趋化因子受体引物,RT-PCR分析SMMC-7721、MHCC97-L、MHCC97-H和HCCLM6细胞侵袭转移潜能逐渐增强的人肝癌细胞株趋化因子受体谱。结果4组不同转移潜能细胞株趋化因子受体表达谱存在明显差异（P＜0．01）,其中CCR10、CXCR4、CXCR6表达随转移潜能增加逐渐降低。HCCLM6表达谱中CCR3、CCR4、CCR10、CCR12及XCR1比SMMC-7721表达明显降低甚至缺失（P＜0．01）,而CXCR1（P=0．006）、CXCR5（P=0．003）表达高于低转移潜能组SMMC-7721。MHCC97-H和MHCC97-L比较,除CXCR2、CXCR6、XCR1外差异均有统计学意义,其中CCR1（P=0．002）、CCR2（P=0．004）、CCR5（P=0．046）表达高于MHCC97- L。CXCR4在模板减量时只能在SMMC-7721组检测到。结论高低转移潜能肝癌细胞株趋化因子受体表达在mRNA水平存在差异性表达,与肝癌细胞株差异性转移潜能相关。     

组织蛋白酶-S在肝癌细胞中的表达及意义

目的研究组织蛋白酶-S（Cat-S）在肝癌细胞和正常肝细胞中的表达情况,探讨其与肝细胞癌（HCC）发生、发展的关系。方法体外培养高转移人肝癌细胞株MHCC97-H、低转移人肝癌细胞MHCC97-L和正常肝细胞LO2,采用荧光定量PCR技术定量检测其Cat-S mRNA表达水平。结果 Cat-S mRNA在LO2细胞中呈弱表达,MH-CC97-H细胞及MHCC97-L细胞表达均明显高于LO2细胞（P〈0.05）;MHCC97-H细胞表达明显高于MHCC97-L细胞（P〈0.05）。结论 Cat-S在高转移、低转移肝癌细胞株和正常肝细胞株中的表达存在差异性,此可能与肝癌的发生发展有关;Cat-S可作为肝癌诊治的分子靶标。     

人肝癌细胞系Slit/Robo启动子甲基化状态及基因表达的研究

目的 研究Slit/Robo信号通路相关基因Slit1、Slit2、Slit3和Robo1、Robo3在多种人肝癌细胞系中的表达及甲基化状态,探讨与肝癌发生和发展的关系. 方法提取9种人肝细胞癌细胞株(Hep3B、HepG2、PLC/PRF/5/PRF/5、SMMC-7721、BEL-7402、MHCC97-H,MHCC97-L、LM3、LM6)及对照细胞株L02的基因组DNA和总RNA,采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应技术和甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应技术检测Slit1、Slit2,Slit3和Robo1,Robo3基因的基因表达水平与启动子甲基化状态.实验数据应用Paired t检验. 结果 Slit1、Slit2、Slit3基因除个别细胞株外,在不同转移潜能细胞株中均发生了DNA甲基化,同时Slit1和Slit3在mRNA水平几乎均不表达,Slit2基因表达程度在不同转移潜能的细胞株之间存在差异,随着转移潜能的增加表达大致呈下降趋势.作为Slit2受体的Robo1基因在10株肝癌细胞株中均发生甲基化修饰,但除在SMMC-7721、BEL-7402、L02不表达外,其余7种细胞株均有表达.Robo3基因相关CpG岛在9种肝癌细胞株中均未发生甲基化,同时其在mRNA水平均无表达. 结论 Slit/Robo可能在肝癌发生和发展中发挥作用.而Robo3则在肝癌中不发生表达而且其表达沉默可能不受甲基化方式调控.     

膜-细胞骨架联接分子ezrin对肝癌细胞系生长和侵袭能力的影响

目的探讨膜-细胞骨架联接蛋白ezrin在肝细胞肝癌生长和转移过程中的作用。方法分别应用免疫荧光、逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）和Western blot检测ezrin和骨架蛋白在不同转移潜能肝癌细胞系中的表达。选取高转移潜能SF7721（SMMC-7721经转基因后稳定表达肝细胞生长因子，从而获得高转移潜能的细胞系）和MHCC97-H细胞系为研究对象。通过RNA干扰技术下调SF7721和MHCC97-H细胞系中ezrin蛋白的表达，观察其运动和侵袭能力的变化：通过四甲基偶氮唑盐检测细胞增殖能力变化；电子显微镜观察细胞伪足；Transwell检测细胞的运动侵袭能力。结果免疫荧光显示ezrin和骨架蛋白表达于细胞质，且双色荧光证实两者存在共表达，高转移潜能细胞系SF7721。MHCC—I、MHCC97-Hezrin和骨架蛋白的表达明显高于低转移潜能细胞系SMMC-7721、Hep3B、HepG2细胞（x^2=13．277，P=0．010；x^2=21．815，P〈0．01）。D-肌动蛋白在高低转移潜能细胞系的表达差异无统计学意义。通过RNA干扰技术抑制ezrin蛋白表达后。SF7721和MHHC97-H的细胞的增殖和侵袭能力均显著下降。结论ezrin和骨架蛋白的过表达与肝癌的转移潜能相关，通过下调ezrin的表达可明显抑制肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721和MHCC97-H细胞的增殖和运动侵袭能力。     

PITX1和Pan-ras在肝癌细胞中的表达及意义

目的研究抑癌基因PITX1和其下游癌基因Pan-ras在正常胚肝细胞株L02，肝癌细胞株HepG2和SMMC-7721中的表达，探讨其在肝癌发生发展中的作用和关系。方法应用SABC免疫组织化学染色技术和westem blot蛋白质印迹以及半定量RT-PCR检测L02、HepG2和SMMC-7721细胞株中PITX1和Pan-ras基因的表达情况，并分析其意义。结果PITX1在肝癌细胞（HepG2、SMMC-7721）中表达比正常肝细胞L02显著降低，Pan-ras在肝癌细胞（HepG2、SMMC-7721）中的表达与正常肝细胞L02相比显著升高。结论PITX1在肝癌细胞中的低表达，以及Pan-ras的高表达，可能导致肝癌无限增殖，构成了肝癌细胞信号传导网络中的重要一环。     

DLC-1基因表达与肝细胞癌复发转移的关系

目的已报道人类染色体8p缺失可能与肝癌转移有关,本文应用实时定量聚合酶链反应(RQ- PCR)研究位于8p的DLC-1基因mRNA表达与肝细胞癌侵袭转移的关系。方法收集51例复旦大学中山医院外科手术切除的肝细胞癌(HCC)及癌旁正常组织标本,根据临床病理学指标,分为高低侵袭性两组,用RQ-PCR对不同侵袭性HCC之间的DLC-1基因表达进行分析。对不同侵袭转移潜能MHCC97-L、MHCC97-H、HCCLM3、Hep3B及HepG2肝癌细胞系用同样方法分析DLC-1基因的表达差异。结果非转移细胞系Hep3B和HepG2与转移细胞系MHCC97-L、MHCC97-H和HCCLM3之间DLC—1基因表达差异有统计学意义(P相似文献   

不同转移潜能肝癌细胞株的差异蛋白质组的二维液相色谱分析

目的:对不同转移潜能肝癌细胞株MHCC97- H(高转移)和MHCC97-L(低转移)差异表达的蛋白质进行二维液相色谱分离和MALDI-TOF质谱鉴定.方法:将肝癌细胞株MHCC97-H和MHCC97- L细胞裂解样品按蛋白质PI进行一维的色谱聚焦分离,然后每个PI组分再按疏水性经二维反相无孔硅胶HPLC分离,利用ProteoVue软件将UV光吸收图谱转换成PI对疏水性的胶图,再利用DeltaVue软件比较升高或降低的差异蛋白.收集差异蛋白峰进行胰酶酶解,然后进行MALDI-TOF质谱鉴定.结果:2D图谱显示共有72个差异蛋白条带,共鉴定出了9个差异蛋白.分别为M2型丙酮酸激酶、ATP合成酶α亚单位、热休克蛋白60、Toll样受体9、含黄素单加氧酶、钙网硬蛋白前体、锰超氧化物岐化酶、nm23-H1、G-蛋白偶连受体激酶5;其中4个蛋白在高转移细胞株MHCC97-H中表达升高,5个蛋白在低转移细胞株MHCC97-L表达升高.结论:这些差异蛋白可能在肝癌的转移中起关键作用.     

活化血管内皮生长因子受体-1诱导肝癌细胞MHCC97-H上皮-间叶表型转化的实验研究

目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子受体1(VEGFR-1)促肝细胞癌(HCC)侵袭转移的作用机制.方法 用VEGFR-1的特异性配体血管内皮生长因子-B(VEGF-B)诱导活化肝癌细胞MHCC97-H,观察MHCC97-H细胞形态学改变,RT-PCR和Western blot检测MHCC97 H细胞上皮标志物钙黏蛋白(E-cad)、连环蛋白-a(a-cat)和间叶标志物波形蛋白、神经钙黏蛋白(N-cad)的mRNA和蛋白质表达改变,细胞荧光免疫组织化学法检测E-cad、a-cat和波形蛋白、N-cad表达部位改变,细胞侵袭和迁移试验检测MHCC97-H细胞侵袭和运动能力的改变.组间比较采用单因素方差分析.结果 VEGFR-1活化后MHCC97-H细胞变成梭形、纺锤状,细胞间隙增宽,有的伸出伪足;活化前上皮标志物E-cad、a-cat的mRNA吸光度值(A值)分别为12.55±2.98、14.23±1.36,活化后E-cad、a-cat的A值分别为6.78±3.66、6.18±0.92,活化后上皮标志物的mRNA表达显著下调,F=17.21,P＜0.05.活化前上皮标志物E cad、a-cat蛋白的A值分别为20 878±11.54、7520.45±8.66,活化后E cad、a-cat的A值分别为8031.23±10.44、5425.15±7.37,活化后上皮标志物的蛋白表达显著下调,F=30.49,P＜0.05.波形蛋白、Ncad mRNA的A值分别为0.72±1.77、4.46±6.50,活化后的分别为26.58±7.97、26.98±10.79,活化后间叶标志物的mRNA表达显著上调,F=26.24,P＜0.05.活化前波形蛋白、Ncad蛋白的A值分别为6100.22±12.73、1244.64±10.27,活化后的分别为12836.99±9.67、4586.70±8.58,活化后间叶标志物的蛋白表达显著上调,F=19.16,P＜0.05.上皮标志物E-cad和a-cat在胞膜表达减少,胞质中的表达增加,波形蛋白和N-cad在胞质中表达显著增加;MHCC97-H细胞运动和侵袭能力显著增强,与活化前相比,F=20.13,P＜0.05,差异有统计学意义.结论 VEGFR-1促进肝细胞癌侵袭和转移是通过诱导肝癌细胞发生上皮-间叶表型转化实现的.     

高低转移潜能肝癌细胞OPN、TGFβ1基因沉默位点的筛选

目的通过对高低转移潜能肝癌细胞进行骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)和转移生长因子β1(transforming growth factorβ1,TGFβ1)基因沉默的位点进行筛选,筛选最佳基因沉默位点。方法 q PCR检测MHCC97-H和MHCC97-L细胞两种因子表达差异情况,对MHCC97-H TGFβ1和MHCC97-L OPN高表达组进行基因沉默,每组确定3个基因位点进行沉默,Western blotting法分析各组OPN和TGFβ1表达。q PCR定量分析各组沉默效果。结果 q PCR检测显示:与MHCC97-L细胞比较,MHCC97-H细胞中TGFβ1表达量更高,与MHCC97-H细胞比较,MHCC97-L细胞中OPN的表达量更高(P0.05)。q PCR定量分析3个位点沉默效果显示MHCC97-L OPN siRNA 226、MHCC97-H TGFβ1 siRNA 1382沉默效果较好(P0.05)。MHCC97-L OPN不同位点沉默效果电泳图结果显示所有沉默组MHCC97-L细胞中OPN蛋白已降到非常低水平,而MHCC97-H TGFβ1不同位点沉默效果电泳图结果显示TGFβ1沉默效果1382位点明显。结论不同的基因位点沉默效果存在差异,MHCC97-L OPN siRNA 226和MHCC97-H TGFβ1 siRNA 1382位点沉默效果最佳。通过确定最佳沉默效能的基因位点,可以达到基因最佳沉默效能为后续实验提供研究基础。     

ku80蛋白表达水平与肝癌细胞侵袭迁移能力的相关性

目的观察ku80蛋白表达水平与肝癌细胞侵袭迁移能力的相关性。方法使用肝癌细胞系MHCC97-H、 MHCC97-L、HepG2及正常人肝细胞HL-7702为研究对象,分别采用RT-PCR、Western印迹方法检测ku80 mRNA及蛋白水平;体外划痕实验、Transwell侵袭实验观察4株细胞迁移、侵袭能力;免疫荧光检测ku80亚细胞定位;线性相关分析ku80及其mRNA与肝癌细胞系迁移、侵袭能力的相关性。结果 ku80 mRNA及蛋白在4株细胞系中均有表达,且在3株肝癌细胞中的表达明显高于正常肝细胞系HL-7702(均P0.05),其中MHCC97-H细胞表达水平最高(P0.01);体外划痕实验、Transwell侵袭实验显示3株肝癌细胞系的迁移、侵袭能力明显高于HL-7702细胞系(均PO.05),其中MHCC97-H的迁移侵袭能力最强(P0.01)。ku80蛋白定位于细胞核。线性相关性分析显示ku80蛋白及mRNA的表达水平与肝癌细胞系的迁移、侵袭能力呈正相关。结论 ku80蛋白主要在细胞核表达,其表达水平与肝癌细胞系的迁移、侵袭能力呈正相关。     

The membrane-cytoskeleton organizer ezrin is necessary for hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth and invasiveness

Purpose The change of cell mobility is one of the preconditions of tumor metastasis. Cell skeleton alteration and rearrangement of F-actin was closely related to cell mobility. Ezrin is a membrane-cytoskeleton organizer that can mediate the rearrangement and the function of F-actin. In this paper, we investigated the effect of ezrin on hepatocellullar carcinoma cell growth and invasiveness.Methods Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines such as MHCC-1, MHCC97-H, SF7721, SMMC7721, Hep3B, and HepG2 were chosen in this study. We first examined the expression and the distribution of ezrin and F-actin in these cell lines using immunofluorescence, RT–PCR, and the western blot. Next we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to down-regulate ezrin expression in MHCC-1, MHCC97-H, SF7721, and HepG2 to investigate the role of ezrin in tumor cell growth and invasiveness.Results Our preliminary results showed that the expression of ezrin and γ-actin in MHCC-1, MHCC97-H, and SF7721 with higher metastatic potential were obviously up-regulated than those in SMMC7721, Hep3B, and HepG2 with lower potential. No different expression of β-actin was found in the above tumor cell lines. The outcome of RNAi indicated that decreasing ezrin expression can notably inhibit the proliferation of the four hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (p < 0.01, n = 10). The proportion of cells in G2-M phase also decreased after RNAi. The number of pseudopods decreased as well after RNAi treatment (p < 0.01, n = 5). The mobility and invasiveness of cancer cells decreased with decreasing ezrin expression tested by transwell assay (p < 0.01, n = 8).Conclusion Ezrin plays an important role in the process of hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness.     

Establishment of cell clones with different metastatic potential from the metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cell line MHCC97

AIM To establish clone cells with different metastaticpotential for the study of metastesis-related mechanisms.METHODS Cloning procedure was performed on parentalhepetocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line MHCC97,andbiological characteristics of the target clones selected byin vivo screening were studied.RESULTS Two clones with high (MHCC97-H) and low(MHCC97-L) metastatic potential were isolated from theparent cell line.Compared with MHCC97-L,MHCC97-H hadsmaller cell size (average cell diameter 43μm vs 50 μm)and faster in vitro and in vivo growth rate (tumor celldoubling time was 34.2 h vs 60.0 h).The main ranges ofchromosomes were 55-58 in MHCC97-H and 57-62 inMHCC97-L.Boyden chamber in vitro invasion assaydemonstrated that the number of penetrating cells throughthe artificial basement membrane was (37.5±11.0) cells/field for MHCC97-H vs (17.7±6.3)/field for MHCC97-L.The proportions of cells In G0-G1 phase,S phase,andG2-M phase for MHCC97-H/MHCC97-L were 0.56/0.65,0.28/0.25 and 0.16/0.10,respectively,as measured byflow cytometry.The serum AFP levels in nude mice 5 wkafter orthotoplc implantation of tumor tissue were (246±66)μg.L~(-1) for MHCC97-H and (91±66)μg.L~(-1) for MHCC97-L.The pulmonary metastatic rate was 100% (10/10) vs40% (4/10).CONCLUSION Two clones of the same geneticbackground but with different biological behaviors wereestablished,which could be valuable models forInvestigation on HCC metastasis.     

Platelets promote the adhesion of human hepatoma cells with a highly metastatic potential to extracellular matrix protein: involvement of platelet P-selectin and GP IIb-IIIa

PURPOSE: To investigate the role and possible mechanisms of platelets in liver cancer metastasis. METHODS: The optimum conditions of hepatoma cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) were determined. The ability of cells to adhere to the ECM was compared between human hepatoma cell lines with a highly metastatic potential (MHCC97) and human hepatoma cell lines with a lower metastatic potential (SMMC7721). By using adhesion assays and inhibition studies in vitro, the effects of platelets and their specific adhesive molecules were compared via the ability of MHCC97 and SMMC7721 to adhere to ECM protein. RESULTS: The SMMC7721 cell adhesion rate to vitronectin, fibronectin, and fibrinogen, respectively, was significantly lower than that of MHCC97 cells (44.9% vs 73.6%, 47.4% vs 76.4%, and 59.3% vs 80.6%, P<0.05). Both hepatoma cell adhesion to the ECM-bound platelets was unchanged whether the platelets were activated or not. SMMC7721 cell adhesion to the ECM was not affected by platelets, but MHCC97 cell adhesion to the ECM was significantly enhanced by platelets ( P<0.01). In addition, this effect was significantly reduced when either P-selectin or GP IIb-IIIa was blocked by monoclonal antibodies ( P<0.05, P<0.01). In the inhibition studies, the ability of SMMC7721 to adhere to the ECM-bound activated platelets was also lower than that of MHCC97 ( P<0.05). However, when GP IIb was blocked by antibody, the adhesion ability of both cells was similar ( P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Human hepatoma cells with a highly metastatic potential proved to have a highly adhesive ability. MHCC97 cell adhesion to the ECM was significantly enhanced by platelets. The interaction of MHCC97 cells with the ECM-bound activated platelets may be mediated by platelet P-selectin and GP IIb-IIIa.     

Contributions of lung tissue extracts to invasion and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells with various metastatic potentials

Purpose The MHCC97 cell line contains two clones with high (MHCC97-H) and low (MHCC97-L) metastatic potentials, for which the pulmonary metastatic rate was 100% vs 40% between the two human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clones. In an effort to elucidate the mechanism of organ-specific metastasis, we studied the effect of lung extracts from C57BL/6 mice on migration and invasion using the MHCC97 cell line.Methods Determination of migration and invasion induced by lung extracts to MHCC97 cell lines was examined by chemoinvasion assay. The organization of cytoskeleton was tested using filamentous actin (F-actin) polymerization assay and flow cytometry. The activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) was analyzed by zymogram. Fluorescence double staining was employed for MMPs and F-actin colocalization in MHCC97-H cells induced by lung extracts.Results The number of cells in response to extracts of lung, liver, kidney, and spleen in MHCC97-H cells was 64±10, 6±2, 22±4, and 3±1, respectively. Of the extracts, lung extracts showed significant differences to promote the migratory and invasive ability for MHCC97-H cells(p<0.001). The number of cells in response to lung extracts was threefold higher in MHCC97-H than that of cells in MHCC97-L (p<0.001). Confocal laser scan microscope of MHCC97-H cells and MHCC97-L cells stimulated with lung extracts revealed pseudopodia formation around the cell front at the indicated time point. With the time increasing, the pseudopodia formation became increasingly more obvious and distinct. Compared with unstimulated cells, analysis of FACS showed a transient 1.9-fold and 1.7-fold increase in F-actin within 30 s in MHCC97-H cells and MHCC97-L cells, respectively. Confocal laser scan microscopy of MHCC97-H cells stimulated in suspension with lung extracts revealed intense F-actin staining in the periphery of the cells and redistribution of F-actin towards a leading edge. After the cells were incubated with lung extracts, not only expressions of active and latent form of MMP-9 were upregulated, but that of latent form of MMP-2 was increased in the MHCC97-H cells and MHCC97-L cells. The levels of latent and active form of MMP-9(18.8±1.2, 100.1±1.1), and latent form of MMP-2(22.4±1.3) were much higher in MHCC97-H cells than those of MHCC97-L cells, which were 7.8±0.3, 40.8±2.2, and 8.2±0.4, respectively. MMP-9 was mainly localized perinuclear pool when the MHCC97-H cells were incubated with serum-free medium. After the cells were stimulated with lung extracts, MMP-9 were expressed and colocalized with F-actin at the front of extending pseudopodia.Conclusions Our results indicate that the expression of matrix metalloproteinase and the pseudopodia formation in MHCC97-H cells may correlate to the metastatic potential; thus, the host environment may contribute to the preferential metastasis of HCC cells to the lung depending on the high level of MMP-9 and migratory ability.     

人肝癌细胞转移相关蛋白膜联蛋白Ⅱ的筛查与分析

目的应用糖组学方法筛查肝癌转移相关的异常核心岩藻糖基化蛋白,分析膜联蛋白Ⅱ（annexinⅡ）与肝癌细胞转移的关系。方法双向电泳（2-DE）、凝集素亲和印迹及沉淀联合质谱筛查并验证肝癌转移相关核心岩藻糖基化蛋白；实时荧光定量PCR、细胞免疫荧光和Western blot测定annexinⅡ基因和蛋白表达。结果不同转移潜能人肝癌细胞有核心岩藻糖基化蛋白差异表达,鉴定并验证annexinⅡ岩藻糖基化与肝癌转移相关；它分布于细胞质,在MHCC97-L和MHCC97-H中基因和蛋白质表达较Hep3B高。结论AnnexinⅡ转录、翻译水平和核心岩藻糖基化增加可能与肝癌转移潜能相关。