首发精神分裂症胼胝体的磁共振弥散张量研究

目的 采用磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)了解首发精神分裂症患者脑部胼胝体的改变及其与临床症状的关系.方法 将首发精神分裂症住院患者60例和正常对照组26例按规定序列作头颅弥散张量成像扫描,测定胼胝体(膝部、体部、压部)FA值,并在入院当天进行PANSS量表评定.结果 病例组胼胝体体部FA值(0.33±0.10)较对照组(0.40±0.11)小,两组比较有差异(F=4.22,P=0.046);病例组男性胼胝体膝部FA值(0.51±0.08)较对照组(0.63±0.10)小,两组比较有差异(F=6.79,P=0.02);病例组女性胼胝体体部FA值(0.33±0.11)较对照组(0.46±0.08)小,两组比较有差异(F=7.08,P=0.014);阳性因子分、阴性因子分与胼胝体体部FA值无相关,而阴性因子分与胼胝体压部FA值(r=-0.38,P=0.04)则显著负相关.结论 首发精神分裂症患者胼胝体FA值减小,提示白质神经纤维的连续性中断,可能是精神分裂症病理基础之一.     

儿童孤独症的脑扩散张量成像研究

目的 研究孤独症儿童脑扩散张量成像的异常.方法 对24例孤独症儿童(孤独症组)和10名正常儿童(正常对照组)进行脑扩散张量成像扫描,测量并比较两组的双侧胼胝体膝部、压部和双侧内囊后肢表观扩散系数(ADC值)和各向异性分数(FA值),分析孤独症儿童各被检测部位ADC值、FA值与孤独症治疗评估量表(ATEC)得分的相关性.结果 (1)孤独症组双侧内囊后肢[左右侧分别为(6.8±0.3)×10-9 mm2/s和(6.7±0.4)×10-9 mm2/s]、左侧胼胝体膝部[(8.0±0.5)×10-9 mm2/s]ADC值高于对照组[分别为(6.6±0.2)×10-9 mm2/s,(6.6±0.4)×10-9 mm2/s,(7.4±0.5)×10-9 mm2/s;P＜0.05～0.01];孤独症组右侧胼胝体压部(0.73±0.14)FA值低于正常对照组(0.84±0.07;P＜0.05),孤独症组右侧胼胝体膝部(0.75±0.07)FA值高于正常对照组(0.68±0.17;P＜0.05).(2)孤独症组右侧胼胝体压部ADC值与ATEC健康/行为评分呈正相关(r=0.490),右侧胼胝体压部FA值与ATEC说话/语言评分呈负相关(r=-0.453),右胼胝体膝部FA值与社交评分呈正相关(r=0.427),均P＜0.05.(3)孤独症组内囊后肢、胼胝体膝部FA值左右侧的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 孤独症儿童胼胝体神经纤维连接存在异常.     

胼胝体网络连接性与脑白质疏松认知功能损害的相关性

目的 通过弥散张量成像（diffusion tensor imaging,DTI）研究脑白质疏松（leukoaraiosis,LA）患者胼 胝体网络连接性改变,并探讨其与认知功能损害的关系。 方法 本研究为前瞻性单中心研究。纳入30例法泽卡斯量表（Fazekas scale）评分为2～3级的LA患 者及20例头部磁共振成像正常的对照组。依据是否存在认知功能损害将LA组再分为认知正常与轻 度认知功能损害2个亚组。所有被研究对象均进行脑血管危险因素登记、血液生化检查、认知功能 评估筛查及3.0T头部磁共振成像检查及DTI检查。认知评估采用中文版蒙特利尔认知评估（Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA）量表及简易智力状况检查（Mini-mental State Examination,MMSE）量表。使 用PANDA软件处理DTI数据,提取胼胝体膝部、体部及压部的部分各向异性（fractional anisotropy,FA） 和平均扩散系数（mean diffusivity,MD）数值。采用Pearson相关分析研究DTI数据变化与认知功能损害 的关系。 结果 LA组与对照组的性别、年龄、受教育情况、脑血管病常规危险因素及血生化之间差异无 显著性,P >0.05。LA组的MMSE及MoCA分值低于对照组,P值分别为0.002和0.008。LA组胝体膝部 （P =0.000）、体部（P =0.000）、压部（P =0.026）3个部位的FA值均低于对照组,而MD值高于对照组,P 值分别为0.013、0.006及0.007。LA组MMSE及MoCA分值降低与胼胝体膝部、体部、压部的FA下降均成 正相关,但相关系数从膝部（r =0.78）到压部（r =0.41）呈现逐渐递减趋势。 结论 LA存在胼胝体网络连接性改变,胼胝体FA下降与认知功能损害密切相关。     

女性重性抑郁障碍患者体质量指数与脑白质完整性异常的相关性研究

目的:探讨女性重性抑郁障碍患者体质量指数(BMI)与脑白质完整性异常的相关性。方法:收集自2017年10月至2018年10月门诊就诊的女性重性抑郁障碍患者58例(患者组)及年龄、BMI、受教育程度相匹配的女性健康对照者57名(对照组)进行核磁共振扫描,完成临床相关量表的评定。比较两组磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)数据,分别对两组的DTI图像与BMI进行相关性分析,并对各向异性值(FA值)进行提值计算。结果:患者组与对照组DTI比较存在两簇差异脑区,分别位于胼胝体压部及体部、右下额枕束,且患者组的FA值低于对照组。患者组BMI与右侧外囊的FA值呈正相关(r=0.531,P0.01);对照组BMI与胼胝体体部、膝部及压部的FA值呈负相关(r=-0.497,P0.01)。结论:女性重性抑郁障碍患者胼胝体压部、体部及右下额枕束白质完整性降低,肥胖所致的胼胝体完整性降低可能是重性抑郁障碍患者患病的相关因素。     

首发偏执型精神分裂症患者胼胝体微结构异常研究

目的 探讨未用药首发偏执型精神分裂症患者胼胝体纤维束的细微结构改变及其可能的神经生化代谢原因,以期为精神分裂症"神经发育假说"提供依据.方法 选取20例首发偏执型精神分裂症患者,应用DTI和MRS技术对脑内胼胝体膝部、压部和体部进行成像检测,并与20名年龄、性别和文化程度与患者相匹配的健康对照者比较.结果 (1)患者组胼胝体膝部FA值小于健康对照组(0.731±0.102:0.815±0.043.t=3.358,P=0.002),胼胝体膝部和体部的ADC值高于健康对照组(8.043±0.462:7.564±0.470,t=2.645,P=0.012;8.543±0.462:7.743±0.470,t=3.898,P=0.000).(2)患者组胼胝体膝部NAA值和体部NNA值、Cho值均低于健康对照组(1.449±0.406:1.748±0.392,t=2.365.P=0.023;0.911±0.130:1.164±0.153,t=5.618.P=0.000;1.006±0.869:1.275±0.367,t=3.190,P=0.003).结论 首发偏执型精神分裂症患者胼胝体膝部纤维束在疾病早期阶段即存在各向异性降低,其可能原因是神经发育不良.     

首次发病儿童青少年精神分裂症患者脑白质弥散张量成像特点与认知功能的研究北大核心CSCD

目的 探讨首次发病儿童青少年精神分裂症患者脑白质纤维结构及其与认知功能的关系.方法 本研究为病例对照研究,对40例10～16岁首次发病儿童青少年精神分裂症患者（患者组）和35名性别、年龄、受教育程度、种族均与之相匹配的健康对照者（对照组）进行弥散张量成像（diffusion tensor imaging,DTI）扫描,采用磁共振图像处理软件FSL（funtional MRI software library）工具包进行分析.通过基于纤维束的空间统计分析（tract-based spatial statistics,TBSS）方法比较2组之间脑白质纤维的各向异性（fractional anisotropy,FA）图,采用独立样本t检验比较2组全脑白质DTI的FA值,得到差异脑区.采用中文版精神分裂症认知功能成套测验-共识版评估认知功能,Pearson相关分析分析2组脑白质差异脑区FA值与认知功能之间的相关关系.结果 与对照组（n=34）比较,患者组（n=35）胼胝体体部、胼胝体膝部、胼胝体压部、扣带束、右上放射冠、左上放射冠FA值降低（t=4.726、2.855、2.547、2.943、3.178、2.969,均P〈0.05）.患者组胼胝体体部FA值与符号编码、颜色、色词评分（r=0.34、0.38、0.36）,扣带束FA值与霍普金斯词汇学习测验修订版评分（r=0.34）、左上放射冠FA值与词语流畅性评分（r=0.37）呈正相关（均P〈0.05）;对照组胼胝体体部（r=0.34,P〈0.05）及胼胝体膝部FA值（r=0.51,P〈0.05）与霍普金斯词汇学习测验修订版评分呈正相关.结论 首次发病儿童青少年精神分裂症患者存在大脑白质纤维结构异常,其认知功能损害的病理生理机制可能与大脑白质纤维结构异常有关.     

磁共振扩散张量成像在缺血缺氧脑病患儿中的临床应用

目的探讨磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)在缺血缺氧脑病患儿中的应用价值。方法前瞻性纳入2016-12—2018-12于河南中医药大学第一附属医院行MRI头颅平扫及DTI检查的年龄2岁患儿40例,所有患儿在围生期均有缺氧缺血脑病史,根据最终随访结果分为脑瘫组及非脑瘫组各20例。测量双侧大脑脚、内囊前肢、内囊膝部、内囊后肢、半卵圆中心、皮质脊髓束、下纵束、丘脑后辐射、额叶白质、顶叶白质、胼胝体膝部、胼胝体体部及胼胝体压部的FA值。结果 2组间双侧大脑脚、内囊后肢、半卵圆中心、皮质脊髓束、下纵束、丘脑后辐射、顶叶白质、胼胝体膝部、胼胝体体部、胼胝体压部FA值差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而双侧内囊前肢、内囊膝部、额叶白质FA值差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 DTI可以定量评估缺血缺氧脑病患儿的损伤程度,有助于早期评估病情及预测预后。     

DTI评价轻度认知障碍及轻中度阿尔茨海默病脑白质微细结构损害的研究

目的应用磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)技术研究轻度认知障碍(MCI)及轻中度阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者脑白质微细结构的改变。方法对MCI患者、轻中度AD患者各12例及健康老年人12名(对照组)行常规MRI及DTI检查,测量其胼胝体压部、额叶、顶叶、颞叶、枕叶、内囊前肢及内囊后肢白质区部分各向异性分数(FA)和平均弥散率(MD)。将3组的FA、MD值进行比较,并与MMSE评分、单词回忆及单词再认评分进行相关性分析。结果 (1)MCI患者顶叶白质FA值为0.489±0.079,与对照组(0.558±0.079)相比下降(P0.05)。(2)AD患者额叶、顶叶及颞叶FA值分别为0.405±0.072、0.454±0.069和0.363±0.056,与对照组(分别为0.499±0.081、0.558±0.079和0.440±0.061)比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。AD患者胼胝体压部、额叶及顶叶MD值分别为0.978±0.082、0.920±0.054和0.81 7±0.045,均高于对照组(分别为0.801±0.093、0.820±0.084、0.712±0.096)(P0.05)。AD、MCI两组内囊前、后肢及枕叶FA及MD值分别与健康对照组比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。(3)3组顶叶、颞叶FA值与MMSE、单词回忆及单词再认评分均有相关性(分别r=0.869、-0.621、-0.759,均P0.01;r=0.446、-0.486、-0.361,均P0.05),胼胝体压部FA值与单词再认评分有相关性(r=-0.343,P0.05);3组胼胝体压部及顶叶MD值与MMSE、单词回忆及单词再认评分均有相关性(分别r=-0.612、0.547、0.586,均P0.01;r=-0.576、0.499、0.519,均P0.01),内囊前肢MD值与MMSE评分相关(r=-0.340,P0.05)。结论 MCI及轻中度AD患者存在脑白质选择性微细结构损害,且该损害出现在与高级皮层功能相关的脑区,而与初级功能相关的区域未见明显受损。     

Duchenne型肌营养不良症扩散张量成像研究

目的通过扩散张量成像(DTI)观察Duchenne型肌营养不良症患儿脑结构和功能改变。方法共14例Duchenne型肌营养不良症患儿均行DTI检查,以双侧顶叶白质、额叶白质、胼胝体膝部和压部、尾状核头、扣带前回、扣带中回、扣带后回、豆状核、内囊前肢和后肢、丘脑、枕叶白质、颞叶白质、海马、小脑上脚和小脑中脚等脑区为兴趣区,测定各兴趣区部分各向异性(FA)值。结果与正常对照者相比,Duchenne型肌营养不良症患儿仅胼胝体压部FA值降低(t=-2.187,P=0.045),其余脑区FA值组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 Duchenne型肌营养不良症患儿胼胝体压部存在微细结构改变,然而,其与Duchenne型肌营养不良症患儿认知功能改变之间的相关性尚待进一步研究。     

帕金森病合并认知功能障碍与脑白质纤维束改变的关系

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)合并认知功能障碍与认知相关脑白质纤维束改变的关系。方法纳入PD患者35例,根据蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分将PD患者分为PD认知功能正常组(PD-nCI,n=14)和PD认知功能障碍组(PD-CI,n=21);另选择同期行查体的健康志愿者20名作为对照组。所有受试者行弥散张量成像(DTI)检查,通过基于纤维束的空间统计分析(tract-based spatial statistics,TBSS)方法选出与认知相关的脑白质纤维束,并测量各纤维束部分各向异性(fractional anisotropy,FA)值。比较各组不同纤维束FA值差异,采用Pearson相关分析法分析PD-CI组差异有统计学意义的纤维束FA值与MoCA评分的相关性。结果(1)3组间胼胝体膝部、胼胝体体部、胼胝体压部、右扣带回(海马)、左扣带回(海马)、右穹窿/终纹、左穹窿/终纹、右上额枕束、左上额枕束FA值比较存在统计学差异(均P0.05),PD-nCI组和PD-CI组间胼胝体膝部、胼胝体体部、胼胝体压部、右扣带回(海马)、左扣带回(海马)、左穹窿/终纹、右上额枕束、左上额枕束FA值比较存在统计学差异(均P0.05);(2)PD-CI组胼胝体压部、右扣带回(海马)、右上额枕束、左上额枕束FA值与MoCA评分呈正相关(均P0.05)。结论 PD患者认知功能损害程度与胼胝体压部、右扣带回(海马)、右上额枕束和左上额枕束等纤维束病变严重程度呈正相关。     

Factors associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the work described here was to determine those variables associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy. METHODS: We interviewed patients followed at a tertiary epilepsy center. Predictor variables included age, gender, race, education, income, insurance, seizure frequency, and Quality of Life in Epilepsy-10 inventory (QOLIE-10) results. Target variables were the subscales of the Short Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). We used univariate analysis to identify those variables significantly associated with the subscales and multiple linear regression to determine those independently significant. RESULTS: The study population comprised 193 patients. Lower education and better QOLIE-10 scores were independently associated with general satisfaction with care. The mental health scale was associated with general satisfaction with care. Lower educational level was the only variable independently associated with patient satisfaction with communication, the financial aspect of care, and time spent with physician. CONCLUSION: Lower educational level and better quality of life are the main variables associated with higher general satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy.     

Treatment with rituximab in patients with polyneuropathy with anti-MAG antibodies

Journal of Neurology -     

Surgical Outcome in Patients with Epilepsy with Occult Vascular Malformations Treated with Lesionectomy

Summary: Purpose: This retrospective study reports the long-term surgical outcome of patients with medically refractory epilepsy and vascular malformations who were treated with lesionectomy. A detailed analysis of surgical failures had been performed in an attempt to define predictors of surgical success and failure.
Methods: Fifteen patients with medically intractable epilepsy and angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVMs) were treated surgically with lesionectomy at Duke University Medical Center. Lesionectomy consisted of removal of the AOVM and surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain only, without the use of electrocorticography (ECoG) to guide resection.
Results: Eleven (73%) patients are seizure free after lesionectomy. Three showed no significant improvement, and one patient died, presumably after a seizure. Age of onset, duration of seizures, age at resection, and gender did not affect outcome. All patients with neocortical AOVMs in whom EEG findings correlated with the site of the lesion were seizure free after lesional resection. Treatment failures were associated with the presence of multiple intracranial lesions, poorly localized or diffuse EEG findings, discordant positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, or with a lesion in close proximity to the limbic system.
Conclusions: Lesionectomy, with removal of surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain, can be considered the procedure of choice in carefully selected patients with epilepsy with occult vascular malformations.     

Children with ADHD and motor dysfunction compared with children with ADHD only

The purpose of this study was to identify group differences in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and motor dysfunction (ADHD-MD) and ADHD only, and to evaluate the medication responsiveness of ADHD-MD. Sixty-three children (49 males and 14 females; mean age 9 years 10 months, SD 2 years 10 months) underwent a triple blind, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluating two dose levels of methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg [corrected], twice daily) and placebo. Forty-nine trials were completed. Nineteen were children with ADHD-MD, 44 had ADHD only. Behavior and functioning were assessed at home and at school. Treatment effects were assessed using the Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers. Children with ADHD-MD were more likely to have severe ADHD-combined type and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. Both groups of children had a linear dose response to medication (placebo, low, high) and there was no evidence of a group by dose interaction or an overall group effect at home or school. The lack of group effect suggests that these children responded to medication like the other subgroups.     

Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism in women with bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence suggests that valproate is associated with isolated features of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), while contradictory data support an association between epilepsy and PCOS. The development of PCOS features after initiation of valproate was therefore examined in women with bipolar disorder using a standardized definition of PCOS. METHODS: Three hundred women 18 to 45 years old with bipolar disorder were evaluated for PCOS at 16 Systematic Treatment Enhancement for Bipolar Disorder sites. A comparison was made between the incidence of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, male-pattern alopecia, elevated androgens) with oligoamenorrhea that developed while taking valproate versus other anticonvulsants (lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine) and lithium. Medication and menstrual cycle histories were obtained, and hyperandrogenism was assessed. RESULTS: Among 230 women who could be evaluated, oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism developed in 9 (10.5%) of 86 women on valproate and in 2 (1.4%) of 144 women on a nonvalproate anticonvulsant or lithium (relative risk 7.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-34.1, p = .002). Oligoamenorrhea always began within 12 months of valproate use. CONCLUSIONS: Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism. Monitoring for reproductive-endocrine abnormalities is important when starting and using valproate in reproductive-aged women. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate risk factors for development of PCOS on valproate.     

血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的预后分析

目的分析血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形(CAVM)并发癫痫患者的预后情况。方法选择2013年3月至2017年6月收治的符合诊断标准的CAVM并发癫痫发作患者49例为研究对象,分析血管内栓塞治疗后患者的临床症状、生活质量(QOLIE-31)改善情况。结果患者经血管内栓塞治疗后,QOLIE-31各项指标(除了药物影响)评分均明显提高,高于治疗前(P0.05);Spetzler-Martin分级与Engel分级的I~II级例数多于治疗前(P0.05),同时Spetzler-Martin分级I~II级生活质量评分(76.04±18.33)分明显高于III~V级的(65.65±16.76)分(P0.05);Engel分级I~II级的生活质量评分(75.25±17.78)分明显高于III~V级的(66.23±13.22)分(P0.05);血管内栓塞比例80%的生活质量总评分(78.37±18.87)分明显高于栓塞比例80%的(64.16±16.92)分(P0.05);术后患者的头疼症状中重度例数明显低于治疗前(P0.01);患者的NIHSS评分和MRS评分均明显低于治疗前,头疼症状的生活质量评分高于治疗前(均P0.05)。结论血管内栓塞能明显改善未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的头疼症状、癫痫发作情况、神经功能缺损,提高血管内栓塞比例能够提高患者生活质量。