支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内前交通动脉瘤

目的 总结Solitaire AB支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内前交通动脉瘤的有效性和安全性.方法 回顾分析2010年7月至2011年12月23例Solitaire AB支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内前交通动脉瘤患者的病例资料,通过评估动脉瘤栓塞率、载瘤动脉保留、患者预后、并发症等,判断应用该支架的安全性和有效性.结果 手术成功率100％,动脉瘤完全栓塞17例(74％),近全栓塞4例(17％),不完全栓塞2例(9％).载瘤动脉完全保留.无死亡病例,随访见mRS评分0～1分22例,3分1例.支架引起脑血管痉挛并发症1例,无临床症状.结论 Solitaire AB支架用于辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内前交通动脉瘤是有效和安全的.     

支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞大脑中动脉分叉处宽颈动脉瘤(附27例临床分析)

目的总结支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗大脑中动脉分叉处宽颈动脉瘤临床经验。方法采用Solitaire AB支架辅助微弹簧圈栓塞治疗大脑中动脉分叉处宽颈动脉瘤27例。结果 27例患者均顺利完成手术。术后栓塞效果依据改良Raymong分级量表:完全栓塞24例,瘤颈残留2例,瘤体残留1例;术后22例获随访6~24个月,均无动脉瘤破裂再出血。22例均行DSA复查。19例致密栓塞的动脉瘤复查,未见复发。瘤颈残留2例复查,1例动脉瘤瘤颈未再显影,1例稳定无变化。瘤体残留1例复查,考虑复发后再次栓塞治疗。结论选择合适的大脑中动脉分叉处宽颈动脉瘤用Solitaire AB支架辅助血管内介入治疗方法,疗效安全可靠。     

联合自膨胀颅内支架和生物活性弹簧圈栓塞1例海绵窦宽颈动脉瘤

目的报道采用自膨胀专用颅内支架Neuroform和生物活性弹簧圈Matrix栓塞1例宽颈海绵窦动脉瘤的经验.方法对一女性48岁多发性脑动脉瘤病人,在栓塞其破裂的前交通动脉瘤后5个月,采用国际上第1个专用颅内支架Neuroform和第1种具有生物活性的弹簧圈Matrix栓塞另一伴发的宽颈海绵窦动脉瘤.结果支架成功置入载瘤动脉的瘤颈处,并经插入支架网眼内的微导管在动脉瘤内填入3个Matrix电解脱弹簧圈,动脉瘤闭塞95%以上,载瘤动脉通畅.病人无神经功能症状,弥散加权MR未见脑缺血灶,MRA和TCD未见脑血管痉挛,术后5 d出院.结论Neuroform颅内支架使用方便、安全,适用于颅内宽颈动脉瘤的支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞,特别适用于迂曲的脑血管.     

Neuroform支架在颅内宽颈动脉瘤栓塞治疗中的应用

目的评估Neuroform支架对颅内宽颈动脉瘤的栓塞治疗效果。方法11例颅内宽颈动脉瘤使用Neuroform自膨式颅内支架结合电解可脱弹簧圈进行栓塞治疗。将预装好的Neuroform支架系统引入载瘤动脉处,通过同轴导管释放支架覆盖动脉瘤颈;支架释放后,行可脱弹簧圈栓塞术;术后维持全身肝素化48h。结果动脉瘤100%栓塞8例,95%栓塞2例,1例后交通动脉瘤,在支架释放后,颈内动脉痉挛,放弃栓塞,改为二期栓塞治疗。4例术后6个月复查脑血管造影,动脉瘤消失,载瘤动脉通畅。结论Neuroform支架结合电解可脱弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤可克服目前血管内治疗的技术障碍,既可保护载瘤动脉通畅,又可改善宽颈动脉瘤栓塞效果。     

可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的总结AXIUM可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的经验。方法回顾性分析经AXIUM微弹簧圈栓塞、Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的62例颅内动脉瘤（共63个动脉瘤）的临床资料。结果动脉瘤腔完全致密栓塞53个,非完全致密栓塞8个,动脉瘤颈部有残留2个。58例破裂动脉瘤中,治愈57例;死亡1例,为术前Hunt—HessⅢ级,左前交通动脉窄颈动脉瘤和后交通动脉宽颈动脉瘤并存的患者,在支架辅助下进行了致密栓塞,术后90min因颅内再出血死亡。4例未破裂动脉瘤均临床治愈。结论针对不同部位、不同类型的颅内动脉瘤,应用AXIUM微弹簧圈进行合理的血管内栓塞治疗可获得满意疗效。     

LEO支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗后交通动脉宽颈动脉瘤

目的总结LEO自膨式支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗后交通宽颈动脉瘤的经验。方法回顾性分析15例颅内后交通宽颈动脉瘤病人的临床资料,其中蛛网膜下腔出血13例,动眼神经麻痹2例。均采用LEO自膨式支架结合弹簧圈技术治疗。结果致密栓塞12例,部分栓塞3例;术中发生支架内血栓1例。随访3~6个月,3例部分栓塞病人,再次行栓塞治疗2例,失访1例;其他病人均恢复良好。结论 LEO颅内支架使用安全,适用于支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内后交通动脉宽颈动脉瘤。     

Neuroform支架配合弹簧圈治疗宽颈动脉瘤(附30例分析)

目的总结支架配合弹簧圈治疗宽颈动脉瘤的经验。方法采用自膨式支架结合弹簧圈治疗30例颅内宽颈动脉瘤。结果20例致密填塞，10例部分栓塞，4例出现载瘤动脉闭塞，经治疗后血管再通。结论自膨式支架是一种有效的动脉瘤栓塞辅助材料．可以致密栓塞动脉瘤，解剖治愈，但其长期安全性有待进一步观察。     

Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤的临床分析

目的总结Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤的经验。方法回顾性分析24例颅内宽颈动脉瘤病例资料,共27个动脉瘤,均应用Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术进行治疗。结果支架一次性到位17个,通过调整后到位10个。完全致密栓塞20个,大部分栓塞5个,部分栓塞2个。1例基底夹层动脉瘤术后复发,其他病例术后恢复良好。术后无与支架相关的并发症。结论 Solitaire支架辅助栓塞宽颈动脉瘤的近期观察是安全有效的。     

支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤

目的探讨支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤的效果。方法采用Solitaire AB支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤17例(共23个动脉瘤)。结果 15例宽颈动脉瘤术中达到致密栓塞;2例未破裂颈内动脉巨大宽颈动脉瘤予以较疏松填塞。1例双侧大脑中动脉宽颈动脉瘤患者因术前出血量大,栓塞治疗后行开颅清除血肿、去骨瓣减压术。全组无死亡病例。术后随访3~30个月,16例恢复工作,1例呈迁延性昏迷状态(治疗3个月)。复查CTA或DSA,16例动脉瘤消失,1例疏松填塞的巨大颈内动脉宽颈动脉瘤患者,瘤腔仍有血流灌注,但动脉瘤未增大。结论支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术能够有效提高颅内复杂宽颈动脉瘤栓塞治疗的成功率,可有效防止再出血,提高复杂动脉瘤的治愈率。     

新型颅内Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤

目的探讨新型自膨式闭环颅内Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析采用Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的23例颅内复杂动脉瘤患者的临床资料。包括未破裂动脉瘤2例,破裂动脉瘤21例。行单纯支架治疗2例,支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞21例。结果 23例共使用24枚支架,23枚支架均成功定位、释放,1枚解脱后移位;栓塞后即刻造影示动脉瘤致密栓塞16例,瘤颈残留4例,瘤体显影3例。术后发生抗凝、抗血小板聚集相关并发症2例。出院时按改良Rankin评分0分19例,1分2例,2分1例。死亡1例。结论 Solitaire支架输送简单,顺应性好,定位准确,完全释放后仍可以完全回收,安全性高,即刻栓塞效果满意。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。