应用LifePort器官转运器改善肾移植效果的大宗临床研究(附573例报告)

目的探讨供肾脉冲灌注保存转运器(LifePort)保存心脏死亡器官捐献(DCD)供肾和扩大标准供体(ECD)供肾对肾移植术后受者肾功能恢复的影响。方法回顾性分析466例器官捐献(DCD+ECD)供者和882例肾移植受者围手术期的临床资料。根据供肾保存方式不同,将309例DCD供者的左右两侧肾脏随机分为LifePort(DCD-LP)组(309例)和DCD冷藏组(309例);132例ECD供者的双侧供肾全部采用LifePort保存并转运,设为ECD-LP组(264例)。分别观察3组受者术后总体情况、术后早期移植肾功能指标、术后并发症发生情况;对比观察肾移植术前零点穿刺肾组织病理学检查结果;比较肾移植术后有否发生移植物功能延迟恢复(DGF)受者的供肾LifePort灌注参数。结果与DCD冷藏组比较,DCD-LP组、ECD-LP组受者的住院时间明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。DCD冷藏组、DCD-LP组、ECD-LP组围手术期的人存活率均为100%,肾存活率分别为99.7%、100%、99.2%,差异均无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。与DCD冷藏组比较,DCD-LP组、ECD-LP组的DGF发生率明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。3组受者的术后早期肾功能,急性排斥反应、感染和外科并发症的发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。病理学检查结果显示,采用LifePort灌注能明显减轻肾小管的水肿、变性、坏死。发生DGF者的供肾LifePort灌注阻力指数明显高于未发生DGF者,而供肾LifePort灌注流量则明显低于未发生DGF者,差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。结论 LifePort能有效改善离体DCD和ECD供肾质量,降低术后DGF发生率,促进移植肾功能恢复,并可在离体肾脏维护及评估中对术后恢复情况作出预判。     

LifePort保存心脏死亡器官捐献供肾的临床研究

目的:探讨采用LifePort保存心脏死亡器官捐献(DCD)供肾对移植肾功能恢复的影响。方法:分析解放军三〇三医院2012年8月~2013年10月期间30个DCD案例肾移植后受者的临床资料。根据同一供体两只供肾采用不同的保存方式,随机分入LifePort组(n=30)和普通冷藏组(n=30例),比较两组受者肾功能恢复延迟(DGF)、急性排斥反应(AR)等并发症的发生率及移植肾功能恢复等情况。结果:LifePort组受者的DGF发生率为20%(6/30),而普通冷藏组的DGF发生率为46.7%(14/30),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组间AR发生率、围手术期移植肾存活率及受者存活率的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。LifePort组受者术后出院时血清肌酐恢复优于普通冷藏组,且平均住院时间较短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:LifePort能有效改善离体DCD供肾的保存质量,降低受者DGF发生率,有利于移植肾功能恢复。     

心脏死亡器官捐献肾移植术后早期临床效果评价

目的评价16例国际标准化心脏死亡后器官捐献(DCD)供肾来源的肾移植受者术后早期临床效果。方法对我院自2013年1月至2014年1月完成的16例DCD供肾肾移植患者术前和术后早期的诊疗及术后恢复情况进行回顾性分析。结果16例受者中,9例受者术后早期(2周内)肾功能恢复正常,4例受者肾功能缓慢恢复正常,3例出现肾功能延迟恢复(DGF),DGF发生率为18.75%(3/16)。发生急性排斥反应(AR)4例,术后早期急性排斥反应发生率为25%(4/16),其中2例切除移植肾。结论 DCD是解决我国器官移植面临的器官短缺的一个非常有潜力的办法,术后早期严重并发症经早期对症处理后多能很快恢复,但术后长期效果及远期并发症有待进一步观察。     

心脏死亡器官捐献供肾移植早期肾功能恢复情况的荟萃分析

目的 分析心脏死亡器官捐献(DCD)供肾移植后早期肾功能恢复情况.方法 通过Pubmed/Medline、Embase和Cochrane等数据库检索1950年至201 1年正式发表的DCD肾移植和脑死亡器官捐献(DBD)肾移植早期肾功能恢复情况的相关单中心的文献,进行荟萃分析.对移植物功能延迟恢复(DGF)和原发性肾脏无功能(PNF)的发生情况进行分析,计算比值比(OR)和95％可信区间(CI).结果 最终纳入9篇文献,包括DCD肾移植2049例和DBD肾移植5498例.DCD肾移植后DGF发生率为37.5％,DCD肾移植后DGF发生的OR为7.24(95％ CI为3.86～13.58);DCD肾移植后PNF发生率为18.2％,DCD肾移植后PNF发生的OR为4.97(95％ CI为3.77～6.55).DCD肾移植和DBD肾移植受者1、3、5和10年存活率的差异均无统计学意义,移植肾1、3、5和10年存活率的差异也均无统计学意义.结论 DCD肾移植后的DGF和PNF发生率较高,从而影响早期肾功能恢复.     

DCD供肾灌注液生物标志物预测肾移植术后移植物功能延迟恢复的临床应用研究

目的 探讨心脏死亡器官捐献(DCD)供肾静态冷保存(SCS)灌注液生物标志物预测肾移植受者术后发生移植物功能延迟恢复(DGF)的可行性.方法 回顾性分析DCD供肾肾移植的64例受者和47例供者的临床资料.根据受者术后是否发生DGF分为DGF组(7例)与即刻肾功能恢复(IGF)组(57例),比较两组供肾SCS灌注液中4种...     

心脏死亡供者供肾移植14例报告

目的 总结心脏死亡供者供肾的获取以及应用于临床肾移植的经验.方法 共7例心脏死亡供者捐献了供肾,进行了14例肾移植.7例供者年龄30～53岁,原发病为脑出血3例,颅脑外伤2例,脑基底动脉闭塞1例,颅脑肿瘤卒中1例;威斯康辛大学评分为19～23分,均为高危组.7例供者的所有近亲家属签署器官捐献知情同意的相关文件.临床评估供肾良好,供者心脏停跳2～5min后确定为心脏死亡,并采用腹腔多器官联合快速切取技术获取双侧肾脏.14例受者与供者HLA抗原错配数为2～4个,受者淋巴细胞毒交叉配合试验≤0.05,群体反应性抗体＜10％.7例供者中有6例的热缺血时间为5～10 min,1例为45 min;冷缺血时间为4.5～12.5 h.结果 利用心脏死亡供者供肾的14例肾移植手术均顺利完成.14例受者中,术后发生原发性移植肾无功能(PNF)1例,移植肾功能恢复延迟(DGF)3例,急性排斥反应2例;其中1例因PNF在术后第1天切除了移植肾,并恢复规律血液透析,1例因DGF仍在恢复中(尚处于术后3个月),血清肌酐149μmol/L,该2例受者均接受了热缺血时间为45 min的供肾;其余12例受者痊愈出院,移植肾功能均良好.结论 遵照《中国心脏死亡器官捐献指南》开展心脏死亡器官捐献工作,维护好潜在供者的各项重要生命指标,可以保证供肾质量;心脏死亡供者供肾可作为肾移植的重要器官来源,并且移植效果良好.     

心脏死亡器官捐献供肾与传统尸体供肾肾移植的疗效比较

目的 比较心死亡器官捐赠(DCD)供肾与传统尸体供肾肾移植的疗效.方法 回顾性分析单中心2007年2月至2012年6月的69例DCD供肾肾移植受者的资料,并根据受者年龄(相差10岁以内)、移植次数和免疫抑制剂应用情况,按1∶2的比例匹配同期138例传统尸体肾移植受者,进行资料比较.结果 DCD肾移植组术后移植肾功能恢复延迟(DGF)和原发性移植肾无功能(PNF)的发生率为29.0％和2.9％,而传统尸体肾移植组为13.8％和0,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Kaplar-Meier分析结果表明,DCD肾移植组术后6个月、1年和3年的移植肾存活率分别为95.7％、95.7％和93.3％;而传统尸体肾移植组分别为97.8％、97.8％和96.8％,两组的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组受者存活率的差异也无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后7和14d,DCD肾移植组的移植肾肾小球滤过率低于传统尸体肾移植组(P＜0.05),但术后1个月至1年,两组移植肾肾小球滤过率的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 虽然术后DGF和PNF发生率较高,但DCD肾移植的长期疗效与传统尸体肾移植相当,DCD供肾可以作为替代传统尸体供肾的良好来源.     

应用机械灌注保存心脏死亡器官捐献供肾的效果分析

目的探讨采用机械灌注保存心脏死亡器官捐献(DCD)供肾移植后移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)的发生及对早期移植物功能的影响。方法回顾性分析武汉大学中南医院2010年3月至2012年11月期间44例DCD供肾移植受者的临床资料,根据其供肾保存方式不同,分为机械灌注组(n=10)和静态冷储组(n=34例),比较两组受者DGF发生情况和早期移植物功能。结果两组供、受者一般资料具有可比性。术后1周,机械灌注组无受者发生功能性DGF,而静态冷储组功能性DGF发生率为32.4%(1/34),差别有统计学意义(χ2=6.68,P<0.05);机械灌注组DGF发生率为10%(1/10),静态冷储组DGF发生率为29.4%(10/34),差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.15,P>0.05)。机械灌注过程中肾动脉流量小于60mL/min和阻力系数大于0.5mmHg.mL-1.min-1时,受者发生DGF的概率明显增高。结论机械灌注能有效降低DCD供肾移植受者功能性DGF发生率,是临床维持和修复DCD供肾的重要方法;机械灌注阻力系数和流量可以作为临床评估DCD供肾质量的重要参数,也是判断预后的有益指标。     

儿童器官捐献供肾肾移植疗效的临床研究

目的探讨儿童器官捐献供肾移植的近期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年11月至2015年12月西安交通大学第一附属医院肾移植科完成的15例儿童器官捐献供者,供给28例肾移植受者(其中双肾移植2例)的供、受者临床资料。结果 28例受者手术均获成功。移植肾热缺血时间中位数为12.5 min(0~17.0 min),冷缺血时间中位数为4.3 h(1.5~7.7 h)。术后出现移植物功能延迟恢复(DGF)4例、透析1例、因肺部感染死亡2例、肾吻合口狭窄和供肾血栓形成后切除移植肾各1例。术后随访1~24个月,受者存活26例(93%),带肾存活受者24例(86%),其移植肾功能均正常。结论儿童器官捐献供者双肾整块移植及单肾移植早期临床疗效较好。     

有心肺复苏史的DCD供肾肾移植临床研究

目的:探讨有心肺复苏史供者心脏死亡器官捐献(DCD)供肾肾移植围手术期诊疗方法及短期临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2011年12月~2015年11月西安交通大学第一附属医院肾移植科完成的34例器官捐献前有心肺复苏史的供者,供给59例肾移植受者的供、受者临床资料,分析心肺复苏对DCD肾移植受者预后的影响。结果:有心肺复苏史DCD供肾肾移植受者术后短期内并发症发生率较高,早期人/肾存活率为84.74%,较无心肺复苏史DCD供者稍低但差异无统计学意义,长期人/肾存活率尚需进一步随访和观察。结论:1有心肺复苏史DCD供肾作为边缘性供肾,对器官短缺的现状是一种很好的补充;2供者纳入标准:10min的心肺复苏、供者肾功正常,捐献器官可直接用于移植;10~30min的心肺复苏供者,需要严格观察血压、肾功能、尿量的综合变化,评估风险后考虑是否移植;心肺复苏30min的供者尽量避免移植;3做好供体原发病全面准确评估和有效维护好器官功能,尤其加强Lifeport的应用及重视潜在感染供者(培养结果),并动态观察心肺复苏后尿量和肾功能的变化以及供体器官获取前激素、肝素、尿激酶的应用非常重要。     

Successful DCD Kidney Transplantation Using Early Corticosteroid Withdrawal

Organs from donors after cardiac death (DCD) are being increasingly utilized. Prior reports of DCD kidney transplantation involve the use of prednisone-based immunosuppression. We report our experience with early corticosteroid withdrawal (ECSW). Data on 63 DCD kidney transplants performed between 2002 and 2007 were analyzed. We compared outcomes in 28 recipients maintained on long-term corticosteroids (LTCSs) with 35 recipients that underwent ECSW. DGF occurred in 49% of patients on ECSW and 46% on LTCS (p = 0.8). There was no difference between groups for serum creatinine or estimated GFR between 1 and 36 months posttransplant. Acute rejection rates at 1 year were 11.4% and 21.4% for the ECSW and LTCS group (p = 0.2). Graft survival at 1 and 3 years was 94% and 91% for the ECSW group versus 82% and 78% for the LTCS group (p ≥ 0.1). Death censored graft survival was significantly better at last follow-up for the ECSW group (p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis revealed no correlation between the use of corticosteroids and survival outcomes. In conclusion, ECSW can be used successfully in DCD kidney transplantation with no worse outcomes in DGF, rejection, graft loss or the combined outcome of death and graft loss compared to patients receiving LTCS.     

Cost-Effectiveness of Kidney Transplantation From DCD in Italy

IntroductionKidney transplantation represents the best therapeutic option for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), providing the best outcomes for survival, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. To increase kidney donations, in 2007, the Italian IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation in Pavia designed and conducted Programma Alba, a protocol for organ donation after cardiac death (DCD). This study evaluated the costs and health outcomes of DCD transplantation and in all types of transplants compared with current clinical practice.Patients and MethodsA Markov-based model was used to assess costs and health outcomes for new ESRD patients for 2008 to 2013. A health care founder perspective was used. Data sources were the Italian National Institute of Statistics and the Lombardy Registry of Dialysis and Transplantation. A microcosting analysis was performed to calculate costs related to clinical pathways for DCD. We assessed costs, survival, quality-adjusted survival, and cost-effectiveness.FindingsChanging the actual practice pattern for new patients with ESRD and increasing the availability of kidneys from DCD to 10 extra transplants per year will induce an incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year of €4255. Increases in transplantation to reach an extra 10% by transplant type would result in reduced costs and increased patient survival and quality of life compared with the current scenario.InterpretationOur data show that increasing DCD transplants would result in a cost-effective policy to expand the kidney donor pool compared with current ESRD treatment patterns. Italian policies should make an effort to increase transplant rates to optimize cost-effectiveness in ESRD service supply.     

Rapid Access in Donation After Circulatory Death (DCD): The Single-Center Experience With a Classic Pathway in Uncontrolled DCD Algorithm

BackgroundIn Poland, 95% of organs for transplantation come from donation after brain death (DBD). In 2010, Poland officially joined the European countries in which donation after circulatory death is accepted by law. Currently, the Pomeranian Medical University Transplant Center is the only active location for uncontrolled donation after circulatory death (uDCD) in Poland. To estimate the results of uDCD kidney transplantation with a classical approach to organ recovery, we analyzed data from an early phase of uDCD program.MethodsProspective observation of uDCD kidney allografts (group 1; n = 8) compared with DBD kidney allografts (group 2; n = 30). The organ recovery protocol was set up on rapid abdominal access without regional perfusion before procurement.ResultsThe organs recovered from uDCD during a 24-month period increased the volume of kidneys transplanted at the center by 9.2%. Delayed graft function was diagnosed in 100% vs 46% of allografts (P = .03), respectively. Nevertheless, early posttransplant follow-up did not reveal any graft loss or recipient death cases in the DCD group. After 12 months of follow-up, the mean glomerular filtration rate was 44.5 vs 57.9 mL/min (P < .02), respectively. Crucial factors for acceptable results of uDCD are strict pretransplant assessment of recovered organs and efficient coordination of the transplant team.ConclusionsConservative recovery protocol in uDCD under strict prerequisites is feasible to consider in the organ procurement pathway. Preliminary results provide space for an increase in the organ donor pool.     

Outcomes of DCD kidneys with CIT-induced delayed graft function

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) kidneys are exposed to warm ischemia, which, coupled with cold ischemia time (CIT) exacerbates delayed graft function (DGF) and is possibly associated with worse graft survival. To analyze the risk of CIT-induced DGF on DCD kidney outcomes, we evaluated national data between 2008 and 2018 of adult kidney-only recipients of paired DCD kidneys where one kidney recipient experienced DGF and the other did not. Of 5602 paired DCD kidney recipients, multivariate analysis between recipients with higher CIT relative to lower CIT showed that increasing CIT differences had a significant dose-dependent effect on overall graft survival. The graft survival risk was minimal with CIT differences of ≥1-h (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.07, 95% CI .95– 1.20, n = 5602) and ≥5-h (aHR 1.09, 95% CI .93–1.29, n = 2710) and became significant at CIT differences of ≥10-h (aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.05–1.78, n = 1086) and ≥15-h (aHR 1.78, 95% CI 1.15–2.77, n = 1086). Between each of the four delta-CIT levels of shorter and longer CIT, there were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of acute rejection. These results suggest that in the setting of DCD kidney transplantation (KTX), DGF, specifically mediated by prolonged CIT, impacts long-term graft outcomes.     

DCD donor hemodynamics as predictor of outcome after kidney transplantation

Insufficient hemodynamics during agonal phase—ie, the period between withdrawal of life‐sustaining treatment and circulatory arrest—in Maastricht category III circulatory‐death donors (DCD) potentially exacerbate ischemia/reperfusion injury. We included 409 Dutch adult recipients of DCD donor kidneys transplanted between 2006 and 2014. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2‐with pulse oximetry at the fingertip) and systolic blood pressure (SBP‐with arterial catheter) were measured during agonal phase, and were dichotomized into minutes of SpO2 > 60% or SpO2 < 60%, and minutes of SBP > 80 mmHg or SBP < 80 mmHg. Outcome measures were and primary non‐function (PNF), delayed graft function (DGF), and three‐year graft survival. Primary non‐function (PNF) rate was 6.6%, delayed graft function (DGF) rate was 67%, and graft survival at three years was 76%. Longer periods of agonal phase (median 16 min [IQR 11‐23]) contributed significantly to an increased risk of DGF (P = .012), but not to PNF (P = .071) and graft failure (P = .528). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that an increase from 7 to 20 minutes in period of SBP < 80 mmHg was associated with 2.19 times the odds (95% CI 1.08‐4.46, P = .030) for DGF. In conclusion, duration of agonal phase is associated with early transplant outcome. SBP < 80 mmHg during agonal phase shows a better discrimination for transplant outcome than SpO2 < 60% does.