心源性脑栓塞患者尿激酶静脉溶栓的疗效及安全性

目的探讨心源性脑栓塞患者尿激酶静脉溶栓的疗效及安全性。方法 64例急性缺血性卒中患者在发病6h内接受静脉溶栓治疗,根据患者既往史及入院时心电图检查结果将患者分为心房颤动组(22例)和非心房颤动组(42例),所有患者溶栓前行美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,溶栓后3个月行改良Rakin量表(mRS)评分。结果心房颤动组和非心房颤动组溶栓后3个月mRS评分0~1分患者比例差异无统计学意义(P0.05),心房颤动组和非心房颤动组症状性颅内出血比例差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论心房颤动不影响急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗的远期疗效,心房颤动患者行静脉溶栓不增加症状性颅内出血风险。     

急性缺血性脑卒中合并糖尿病患者磁共振指导下溶栓治疗及预后的影响因素

目的探讨脑梗死合并糖尿病患者在磁共振指导下溶栓治疗效果及其预后的影响因素。方法回顾选取溶栓患者109例,根据是否合并糖尿病分为糖尿病组(21例)和非糖尿病组(88例),接诊后对其进行美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,进行头颅MRI检查;给予rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,溶栓后24 h及第7 d进行NIHSS评分;3个月后对存活患者进行改良Rankin量表(mRS)评定。结果 2组患者发病时NIHSS评分无显著统计学差异,糖尿病组患者纤维蛋白原水平较高(3.44±0.86VS2.88±0.87,P=0.048),3个月预后良好比例(mRS评分为0-1分)低于非糖尿病组(P=0.013),相关分...     

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性后循环缺血性卒中患者的预后相关因素分析

目的探讨分析影响阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性后循环缺血性卒中患者的预后的相关因素。方法选取发病0~4.5 h急性后循环缺血性卒中患者,分为阿替普酶静脉溶栓组和非静脉溶栓组,记录患者的一般人口学资料及基本资料、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分,溶栓组记录发病至溶栓时间及溶栓后24 h NIHSS评分下降。结局指标采用90 d改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)评分、症状性颅内出血(symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage,SICH)及患者死亡率,应用Logistic回归模型分析卒中患者90 d不良结局的相关因素。结果急性后循环缺血性卒中患者共116例,其中成功给予阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的患者84例,非静脉溶栓32例。静脉溶栓组3个月预后良好53例(63.1%),预后不良31例(36.9%),其中发生出血转化6例(7.1%),症状性颅内出血3例(3.5%),死亡3例(3.5%)。非静脉溶栓组3个月预后良好12例(37.5%),预后不良20例(62.5%),其中发生出血转化5例(15.6%),症状性颅内出血3例(9.3%),死亡3例(9.3%)。静脉溶栓组经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、发病至溶栓时间、基线NIHSS评分、高血压与90 d不良预后相关(P0.05)。静脉溶栓组和非静脉溶栓组相比,静脉溶栓组有更好的临床预后及更低的死亡率,两组在症状性颅内出血发病率方面并无明显差异。结论对于急性后循环缺血性卒中患者,尽早实施静脉溶栓对改善近期预后有一定临床意义。     

心房颤动相关性脑梗死超早期rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗临床研究

目的观察急性脑梗死合并房颤患者超早期rt-PA静脉溶栓的疗效及安全性。方法选择神经内科急性脑梗死进行溶栓患者104例,根据有无房颤分为房颤组和非房颤组,其中房颤组42例,非房颤组62例,比较2组患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分、日常生活活动能力(ADL量表评分),以及颅内出血、死亡等不良结局情况。结果房颤组和非房颤组患者在入院时NIHSS评分、入院时的ADL评分、溶栓时间(发病至开始溶栓的时间)、糖尿病患者占比等差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05),但平均年龄、高血压占比差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。非房颤组溶栓前、溶栓后24h及7d时NIHSS评分比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),ADL评分差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。房颤组溶栓前、溶栓后24h、7d时NIHSS评分比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.003),ADL评分比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。房颤组溶栓后患者颅内出血转化11例,症状性颅内出血2例,不良结局6例,而非房颤组颅内出血转化为3例,无症状性颅内出血,不良结局2例,2组颅内出血转化差异有统计学意义(P=0.001),症状性颅内出血(P=0.076)及不良结局(P=0.078)差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素回归分析提示房颤患者是颅内出血转化的独立危险因素(P=0.009)。结论房颤相关性卒中患者溶栓后虽明显增加颅内出血转化风险,但不增加症状性颅内出血及不良结局的风险。     

磁共振指导的急性缺血性脑卒中合并房颤患者溶栓治疗及预后的相关分析

目的 探讨脑梗死合并心房颤动患者溶栓治疗效果及其预后的相关性。方法 回顾性选取溶栓患者78例,根据是否合并房颤分为房颤组(18例),非房颤组(60例),接诊后对其进行美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,评价头颅MRI; 给予rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,评价24 h及7 dNIHSS评分; 3个月后对存活患者进行改良Rankin量表(mRS)评定。结果 房颤组发病时病情较重(NIHSS评分高,(12.8±6.33)分 VS(9.39±4.32)分,P=0.023),血管狭窄发生率较高(66.7% VS 33.3%,P=0.013),继发性出血率较高(27.7% VS 3.33%,P=0.006),2组3个月mRS评分无显著差异。结论 脑梗死合并房颤患者经头颅MRI评价后溶栓治疗较为安全,预后与非房颤患者无显著差异。     

静脉溶栓治疗NIHSS评分>25分严重缺血性卒中的疗效和安全性

目的观察静脉用rt-PA溶栓对NIHSS评分25分的严重缺血性卒中的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析时间窗内的NIHSS评分25分的严重缺血性脑卒中患者65例,其中接受静脉溶栓组(溶栓组)30例和未进行溶栓(未溶栓组)35例。比较2组治疗前后(24h、7d、14d)的NIHSS评分、治疗后mRS评分(30d)、颅内出血率及病死率。结果溶栓组治疗后24h、7d、14d的NIHSS评分较治疗前及未溶栓组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组脑出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),病死率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于NIHSS评分25分的严重缺血性卒中,在时间窗内溶栓可以有效改善患者的神经功能缺损和预后,不会过度增加颅内出血风险。     

心房纤颤对急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓近远期疗效的影响

目的探讨心房纤颤(房颤)对急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓近远期疗效的影响。方法收集发病4.5 h内(后循环梗死延长至6 h)给予阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的急性脑梗死患者共60例作为研究对象,根据ECG结果分为房颤组及无房颤组。分别采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及改良的Rankin(mRS)评分评价早期疗效及远期预后。结果房颤组与无房颤组相比,病前卒中或TIA发病率更高(P=0.042),发病时NIHSS评分更高(P=0.023);房颤组和无房颤组根据NIHSS评分在7 d疗效有效率分别为68.42%和70.73%(P=0.58),根据mRs评分在90 d时预后良好率分别为63.15%和63.41%(P=0.47),早期疗效和晚期预后差别均无统计学意义。结论合并房颤的卒中患者能够在静脉溶栓治疗中获益,房颤对急性脑梗死静脉溶栓治疗患者的近远期疗效无显著影响。     

优化溶栓流程对轻型急性缺血性卒中院内延误及预后的影响

目的分析优化溶栓流程对轻型急性缺血性卒中患者院内延误及预后的影响。方法回顾性收集秦皇岛市第一医院2015年7月-2017年6月行静脉溶栓治疗的轻型缺血性卒中患者资料。按照流程优化时间前后,分为优化组和对照组。比较两组入院到溶栓时间(door to needle time,DNT)、溶栓后7 d NIHSS评分和溶栓后3个月mRS评分。结果共纳入57例轻型缺血性卒中患者,平均年龄61.7±5.4岁,男性44例(77.2%)。其中对照组24例,优化组33例。两组患者一般资料比较差异无统计学意义。与对照组比较,优化组DNT缩短(68.7±19.1 vs 88.8±23.1 min,P=0.001),DNT≤60 min的患者比例更高(42.4%vs 12.5%,P=0.015);溶栓治疗后3个月mRS评分更低[0(0～0.5)vs 0.5(0～2),P=0.017],良好预后(mRS评分≤1分)患者比例更高(87.9%vs 62.5%,P=0.024)。结论优化溶栓流程可以缩短轻型急性缺血性卒中患者的DNT,提高DNT≤60 min达标率,改善患者3个月预后。     

轻型急性缺血性卒中rt-PA静脉溶栓的疗效和安全性研究

目的探讨轻型急性缺血性卒中rt-PA静脉溶栓的疗效和安全性及预后不良的危险因素。方法前瞻性分析从2016年1月～2018年5月在深圳市6个卒中中心接受rt-PA静脉溶栓的急性缺血性卒中患者临床资料共224例,将美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)≤5分定义为轻型卒中(minor stroke,MS),共116例,NIHSS 5分为非轻型卒中(non-minor stroke,NMS),共108例。比较两组基线资料、两组治疗后90 d改良Rankin评分(mRS)、治疗后7 d内症状性颅内出血(symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage,s ICH)及早期神经功能恶化(early neurological deterioration,END)发生率、90 d死亡率的差异。运用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析探讨影响rt-PA静脉溶栓的MS患者预后不良的危险因素。结果两组基线资料中,与NMS组相比,MS组心源性栓塞型卒中比例更低(7. 8%vs 17. 6%,P=0. 026),而小动脉闭塞型卒中比例明显更高(41. 4%vs24. 1%,P=0. 006)。疗效性上,MS组90 d预后良好(mRS≤2分)比例明显高于NMS组(87. 9%vs 63%,OR6. 099,95%CI 2. 650～14. 040,P 0. 001)。安全性上,MS组7 d内END发生率高于NMS组(5. 2%vs 4. 6%); 7 d内s ICH发生率低于NMS组(4. 3%vs 6. 5%); 90 d内死亡率低于NMS组(1. 7%vs 7. 4%),校正前后差异均无统计学意义。单因素Logistic回归分析提示即使接受静脉溶栓治疗,大动脉粥样硬化型卒中、END、既往缺血性脑卒中病史、既往接受抗血小板治疗与MS患者预后不良相关,而多因素logistic回归分析提示只有END与预后不良相关。结论与NMS相比,MS患者接受rt-PA静脉溶栓有助于改善90 d的神经功能预后,安全性与NMS相似。即使接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,END仍然是MS患者预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Solitaire支架机械取栓治疗急性缺血性卒中疗效分析

目的探讨Solitaire支架机械取栓术治疗急性缺血性卒中的疗效。方法回顾分析使用Solitaire支架取栓或静脉溶栓的急性缺血性卒中患者临床资料,分析患者治疗后再通情况,比较治疗前后NIHSS评分差异及随访3个月时mRS情况。结果 18例机械取栓患者均获得再通,17例完全再通,其中1例患者取栓术后局部狭窄行支架成形术;1例取栓后大脑前动脉A2段不显影。术后复查头颅CT平扫,1例为术区少量出血;1例患者出现大面积脑出血,出血后死亡;1例患者出现大面积脑梗死伴出血后死亡。患者术前NIHSS评分18.0(10.8,20.2)分,术后1周NIHSS评分9.0(5.0,14.2);3个月后随访mRS评分2分9例。16例静脉溶栓患者术前NIHSS评分16.0(10.0,20.0),术后1周NIHSS评分10.0(8.0,14.0),3个月后随访mRS评分2分5例。术前(Z=-0.434,P=0.664)和术后(Z=-0.313,P=0.754)的NIHSS评分在两组之间差异无统计学意义,但机械取栓组的NIHSS评分降低值大于静脉溶栓组(6.5 vs 6.0),差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.090,P=0.037);机械取栓组患者治疗后出院3个月mRS评分1.5(1.0,2.3)低于静脉溶栓组mRS评分4.5(1.0,4.8),并差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.015,P=0.044)。结论 Solitaire支架取栓治疗急性缺血性卒中再通率高,可以改善预后,是急性缺血性卒中的可选治疗方式。     

Factors associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the work described here was to determine those variables associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy. METHODS: We interviewed patients followed at a tertiary epilepsy center. Predictor variables included age, gender, race, education, income, insurance, seizure frequency, and Quality of Life in Epilepsy-10 inventory (QOLIE-10) results. Target variables were the subscales of the Short Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). We used univariate analysis to identify those variables significantly associated with the subscales and multiple linear regression to determine those independently significant. RESULTS: The study population comprised 193 patients. Lower education and better QOLIE-10 scores were independently associated with general satisfaction with care. The mental health scale was associated with general satisfaction with care. Lower educational level was the only variable independently associated with patient satisfaction with communication, the financial aspect of care, and time spent with physician. CONCLUSION: Lower educational level and better quality of life are the main variables associated with higher general satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy.     

Treatment with rituximab in patients with polyneuropathy with anti-MAG antibodies

Journal of Neurology -     

Surgical Outcome in Patients with Epilepsy with Occult Vascular Malformations Treated with Lesionectomy

Summary: Purpose: This retrospective study reports the long-term surgical outcome of patients with medically refractory epilepsy and vascular malformations who were treated with lesionectomy. A detailed analysis of surgical failures had been performed in an attempt to define predictors of surgical success and failure.
Methods: Fifteen patients with medically intractable epilepsy and angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVMs) were treated surgically with lesionectomy at Duke University Medical Center. Lesionectomy consisted of removal of the AOVM and surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain only, without the use of electrocorticography (ECoG) to guide resection.
Results: Eleven (73%) patients are seizure free after lesionectomy. Three showed no significant improvement, and one patient died, presumably after a seizure. Age of onset, duration of seizures, age at resection, and gender did not affect outcome. All patients with neocortical AOVMs in whom EEG findings correlated with the site of the lesion were seizure free after lesional resection. Treatment failures were associated with the presence of multiple intracranial lesions, poorly localized or diffuse EEG findings, discordant positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, or with a lesion in close proximity to the limbic system.
Conclusions: Lesionectomy, with removal of surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain, can be considered the procedure of choice in carefully selected patients with epilepsy with occult vascular malformations.     

Children with ADHD and motor dysfunction compared with children with ADHD only

The purpose of this study was to identify group differences in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and motor dysfunction (ADHD-MD) and ADHD only, and to evaluate the medication responsiveness of ADHD-MD. Sixty-three children (49 males and 14 females; mean age 9 years 10 months, SD 2 years 10 months) underwent a triple blind, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluating two dose levels of methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg [corrected], twice daily) and placebo. Forty-nine trials were completed. Nineteen were children with ADHD-MD, 44 had ADHD only. Behavior and functioning were assessed at home and at school. Treatment effects were assessed using the Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers. Children with ADHD-MD were more likely to have severe ADHD-combined type and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. Both groups of children had a linear dose response to medication (placebo, low, high) and there was no evidence of a group by dose interaction or an overall group effect at home or school. The lack of group effect suggests that these children responded to medication like the other subgroups.     

Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism in women with bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence suggests that valproate is associated with isolated features of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), while contradictory data support an association between epilepsy and PCOS. The development of PCOS features after initiation of valproate was therefore examined in women with bipolar disorder using a standardized definition of PCOS. METHODS: Three hundred women 18 to 45 years old with bipolar disorder were evaluated for PCOS at 16 Systematic Treatment Enhancement for Bipolar Disorder sites. A comparison was made between the incidence of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, male-pattern alopecia, elevated androgens) with oligoamenorrhea that developed while taking valproate versus other anticonvulsants (lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine) and lithium. Medication and menstrual cycle histories were obtained, and hyperandrogenism was assessed. RESULTS: Among 230 women who could be evaluated, oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism developed in 9 (10.5%) of 86 women on valproate and in 2 (1.4%) of 144 women on a nonvalproate anticonvulsant or lithium (relative risk 7.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-34.1, p = .002). Oligoamenorrhea always began within 12 months of valproate use. CONCLUSIONS: Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism. Monitoring for reproductive-endocrine abnormalities is important when starting and using valproate in reproductive-aged women. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate risk factors for development of PCOS on valproate.     

血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的预后分析

目的分析血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形(CAVM)并发癫痫患者的预后情况。方法选择2013年3月至2017年6月收治的符合诊断标准的CAVM并发癫痫发作患者49例为研究对象,分析血管内栓塞治疗后患者的临床症状、生活质量(QOLIE-31)改善情况。结果患者经血管内栓塞治疗后,QOLIE-31各项指标(除了药物影响)评分均明显提高,高于治疗前(P0.05);Spetzler-Martin分级与Engel分级的I~II级例数多于治疗前(P0.05),同时Spetzler-Martin分级I~II级生活质量评分(76.04±18.33)分明显高于III~V级的(65.65±16.76)分(P0.05);Engel分级I~II级的生活质量评分(75.25±17.78)分明显高于III~V级的(66.23±13.22)分(P0.05);血管内栓塞比例80%的生活质量总评分(78.37±18.87)分明显高于栓塞比例80%的(64.16±16.92)分(P0.05);术后患者的头疼症状中重度例数明显低于治疗前(P0.01);患者的NIHSS评分和MRS评分均明显低于治疗前,头疼症状的生活质量评分高于治疗前(均P0.05)。结论血管内栓塞能明显改善未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的头疼症状、癫痫发作情况、神经功能缺损,提高血管内栓塞比例能够提高患者生活质量。