Caveolin-1对乳腺癌细胞Hs578T耐药株生长、增殖的影响

目的：探讨caveolin-1基因对乳腺癌细胞系Hs578T耐药株（Hs578T／Dox）生长、增殖的影响。方法：在乳腺癌细胞系Hs578T耐药株中转染caveolin-1基因，构建高表达caveolin-1蛋白的细胞系（Hs578T／Dox—cav），Western Blot方法证实转染成功。MTT法绘制转染前后细胞生长曲线，比较生长速度的差别；将两种细胞接种于软琼脂中，比较转染前后集落形成的区别，接种于裸鼠体内，比较成瘤情况。结果：转染caveolin-1后Hs578T耐药株的生长速度明显加快（P〈0．01），集落形成明显增多（P〈0．01），裸鼠成瘤率明显增加（P〈0．01）。x结论：caveolin-1可促进乳腺癌细胞系Hs578T耐药株的生长和增殖。     

Caveolin-白对乳腺癌耐药细胞株Hs578T／Dox生长凋亡的影响

背景与目的：作为信号转导枢纽的Caveolae与恶性肿瘤发生和耐药密切相关．Caveolin-1为其标志蛋白。本研究探讨Caveolin-1对肿瘤耐药细胞体外生长凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法：选用乳腺癌Hs578T阿霉素耐药细胞株Hs578T／Dox．通过基因转染技术培育Caveolin-1蛋白过表达细胞株Hs578T／Dox—cav-1作为实验组．空载体转染细胞株Hs578T／Dox-vector作为对照组,Westernblot检测细胞Caveolin-1蛋白表达。研究细胞生长凋亡变化：MTF检测细胞生长曲线,流式细胞技术细胞周期分析,检测软琼脂集落形成能力。细胞培养48h,流式细胞技术检测细胞自然凋亡指数;加入凋亡诱导剂-星形孢菌素细胞培养8h,检测星形孢菌素诱导细胞凋亡指数。结果：Hs578T／Dox-cav-1较Hs578T／Dox—vector的Caveolin-1蛋白稳定过表达。Hs578T／Dox—cav-1与Hs578T／Dox-vector细胞生长曲线比较,生长明显增快（P〈0．01）,软琼脂培养集落形成体积增大、数目增加[（983．6±75．0）vs（700．8±78．9）,P〈0．01]。细胞周期分析．Hs578T／Dox—cav-1细胞S期和G2／M期细胞比率增大,增殖指数升高[（76．6±4．0）％V8．（58．0±4．1）％]。细胞自然凋亡指数[（5．7±0．5）％VS．（11．3±0．8）％]和星形孢菌素诱导凋亡指数[（13．8±1．2）％VS．（21．4±1．89）％]下降。结论：高表达Caveolin-1蛋白使乳腺癌阿霉素耐药细胞Hs578T／Dox具有更强的生长能力和抗凋亡能力。     

过表达CNTN1对裸鼠乳腺癌转移瘤生长的影响

目的:探讨过表达CNTN1对乳腺癌Hs578T细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长的促进作用,为乳腺癌生物治疗提供实验依据.方法:脂质体法介导pEGFP-N1-CNTN1真核表达载体转染入乳腺癌Hs578T细胞,G418筛选出稳定表达CNTN1的Hs578T细胞(Hs578T-CNTN1细胞);接种Hs578T-CNTN1细胞制备裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,观察CNTN1过表达对Hs578T细胞移植瘤生长的影响.结果:Western blot结果显,转染pEGFP-N1-CNTN1组Hs578T细胞中CNTN1蛋白表达量高于pEGFP-N1组及未转染组.Hs578T-CNTN1、Hs578T-N1和Hs578T细胞接种裸鼠的第20天,Hs578T-CNTN1组移植瘤质量较Hs578T组和Hs578T-N1组移植瘤质量显著增加[(4.62 ±0.22)g,(2.56 ±0.76)g和(2.10±0.78)g,分别P＜0.01和P＜0.05].结论:CNTN1过表达可以促进乳腺癌Hs578T细胞裸鼠移植瘤的生长.     

CNTN1基因对乳腺癌细胞株Hs578T增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响

目的：研究CNTN1基因对乳腺癌细胞株Hs578T细胞增殖、克隆形成、迁移及侵袭能力的影响。方法：将前期构建的稳定表达pEGFP－N1－CNTN1的Hs578T细胞系,采用MTT、流式细胞仪技术、平板克隆实验及Transwell实验检测pEGFP－N1－CNTN1对Hs578T细胞增殖、克隆形成、迁移及侵袭能力的影响。结果：与空白组及对照组相比,过表达CNTN1基因的Hs578T细胞增殖能力、克隆形成、迁移及侵袭能力增强（P＜0．05）。结论：CNTN1基因能够增强Hs578T细胞的增殖、克隆形成、迁移及侵袭能力。     

重组凋亡素诱导人卵巢癌细胞顺铂耐药株凋亡

[目的]探讨凋亡素基因（VP3）在卵巢癌细胞株CoC1及CoC1细胞耐药亚株CoC1/DDP中的诱导凋亡情况。[方法]构建重组凋亡素真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-VP3。在体外将pcDNA3.1-VP3转染入卵巢癌细胞株CoC1及CoC1细胞耐药亚株CoC1/DDP中,RT-PCR检测凋亡素在细胞中的表达,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。[结果]RT-PCR证实VP3基因在CoC1及CoC1/DDP中存在并在转录水平表达。转染pcDNA3.1-VP3细胞凋亡率明显高于转染空质粒组（P〈0.01）,转染pcDNA3.1-VP3细胞凋亡率CoC1/DDP细胞明显高于CoC1细胞（P〈0.01）。[结论]凋亡素诱导人卵巢癌细胞CoC1和CoC1顺铂耐药亚株CoC1/DDP凋亡,且更易诱导CoC1顺铂耐药亚株CoC1/DDP细胞的凋亡。     

CDK7抑制剂THZ1对乳腺癌细胞增殖与凋亡的作用及其机制北大核心CSCD

目的探讨细胞周期蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶7(CDK7)特异性抑制剂THZ1对人乳腺癌细胞系MCF7、Sk Br3及Hs578T增殖及凋亡的作用及其分子机制。方法采用MTT、流式细胞术、Western blot等方法检测细胞活力、细胞周期和凋亡的变化情况。结果 500 nmol/L THZ1处理细胞,显微镜观察细胞数明显减少;MTT实验表明THZ1呈剂量及时间依赖性抑制细胞的增殖;细胞饥饿培养24 h以同步化在G1/S期,THZ1继续处理24 h,流式细胞术检测G2/M期细胞数增多。THZ1引起细胞G2/M期阻滞;THZ1呈剂量及时间依赖性诱导细胞早期凋亡与晚期凋亡;Western blot结果表明,THZ1可导致Cleaved-PARP上调,Bcl-2的显著下调和p65、GSK3蛋白磷酸化水平的明显上调。结论 THZ1能抑制MCF7、Sk Br3及Hs578T细胞增殖,诱导其细胞周期阻滞及细胞早、晚期凋亡,可作为乳腺癌治疗潜在的候选药物。     

siRNA沉默HYAL1基因表达对人乳腺癌细胞生长和增殖的影响

背景与目的：有研究证实透明质酸酶（hyaluronidase,Hyase）与人乳腺癌的恶性潜能相关。本研究拟探讨RNA干扰是否能有效抑制Hyde基因HYAL1的表达以及人乳腺癌细胞的生长和增殖。方法：体外化学合成HYAL1序列特异性双链RNA（dsRNA）,在脂质体（SiPORT Lipid）的介导下转染人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-453S、ZR-75和ZR-75-30。荧光共聚焦显微镜下观察转染效率,RT-PCR分析HYAL1 mRNA的表达,MTT测定细胞的增殖,流式细胞仪测定细胞周期。结果：（1）HYAL1-siRNA能有效地封闭HYALl基因的表达．使HYAL1 mRNA相对水平明显降低（P〈0．05）;（2）HYAL1-siRNA能明显抑制细胞增殖（P〈0．05）;（3）HYAL1-siRNA使细胞周期G0／G1期细胞百分比明显增加,S期的细胞百分比显著减少（P〈0．05）。结论：siRNA-HYAL1能有效抑制人乳腺癌细胞株HYAL1基因的表达,抑制细胞增殖,将更多的细胞阻滞在G0／G1期。     

Cyclin D1基因沉默对K562细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

[目的]利用RNA干扰（RNAi）技术观测其对白血病K562细胞cyelin D1基因的沉默效应及对细胞增殖、细胞周期及凋亡的影响。[方法]体外构建靶向cyclin D1基因的小发夹RNA（shRNA）表达质粒．通过壳聚糖介导转染K562细胞，Western blot分析检测转染前后cyclin D1蛋白表达变化；集落形成实验检测细胞增殖能力；流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布及凋亡情况。[结果]构建靶向cyclinD1基因的shRNA表达质粒（pshRNA-419和pshRNA-575）经壳聚糖转染后，能显著抑制cyelin D1基因表达；抑制K562细胞增殖，影响其集落形成能力；细胞阻滞于G0／G1期，细胞凋亡明显。而m—pshRNA-790质粒并无上述生物学效应：[结论]cyclinD1基因表达下调可抑制K562细胞生长影响细胞周期分布并诱导细胞凋亡提示，因可能是白血病治疗的一个有效靶点。     

iRNA沉默Chk1基因对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖的影响及其作用机制的探讨

目的 探讨siRNA沉默检测点激酶1（Chk1）基因对乳腺癌细胞MCF 7增殖和周期的影响及其作用机制。方法 采用RNAi技术将乳腺癌细胞MCF 7中Chk1基因沉默,用Western blotting检测转染前后MCF 7细胞中Chk1蛋白表达情况;采用MTT比色法和流式细胞术分析Chk1基因沉默对乳腺癌细胞MCF 7增殖和周期的影响。结果 Chk1 siRNA转染后,MCF-7细胞中Chk1蛋白表达下降约82％,明显低于未转染组和脂质体转染组（P＜0.05）。Chk1 siRNA转染组转染48h的MCF-7细胞增殖活性下降,其增殖抑制率为44.7％,明显高于脂质体转染组的5.26% （P＜0.05）。流式细胞仪检测显示,Chk1 siRNA转染组G2／M期比例为（11.3±0.7）％,明显低于未转染组（44.2±1.9）％和脂质体转染组（45.3±2.1）％,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 siRNA沉默Chk1基因可明显抑制人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖,并且其抑制增殖作用与减弱G2／M期阻滞有关。     

caveolin-1过表达抑制胰腺癌细胞的增殖和侵袭

目的 体外研究caveolin-1对胰腺癌细胞生物学行为及相关信号通路的影响.方法 caveolin-1基因脂质体法稳定转染胰腺癌细胞株panc1,筛选出稳定高表达caveolin-1的克隆,并用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫印迹法鉴定.应用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞的生长能力,软琼脂克隆生长实验检测细胞锚定非依赖性生长能力,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期和凋亡情况,细胞侵袭实验检测细胞侵袭能力,免疫印迹法检测表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、c-Raf、Mek、Erk、p38和SAPK/JNK的表达.结果 转染panc1细胞后筛选到3株稳定高表达caveolin-1的克隆.MTT法检测结果 显示,转染后的细胞生长速度明显慢于对照组,软琼脂中克隆生长能力较对照组也明显下降.流式细胞术检测结果 显示,高表达caveolin-1可使细胞阻滞在G0/G1期,并且促进细胞的凋亡.细胞侵袭实验显示,转染caveolin-1后,细胞的侵袭能力明显下降,此外,caveolin-1过表达降低了EGFR、c-Raf、Mek和Erk的磷酸化水平.结论 caveolin-1基因过表达抑制了胰腺癌细胞panc1的生长和侵袭能力,对EGFR-c-Raf-Mek-Erk信号级联的抑制与其抑制胰腺癌细胞恶性表型的作用相关.     

Prognostic Significance of Inflammation-associated Blood Cell Markers in Nonmetastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

ObjectivesOur objective was to evaluate the effect of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) on the survival outcomes of nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).Materials and MethodsWe accessed our single-center, urologic-oncologic registry to extract the data for patients who had undergone nephrectomy for nonmetastatic ccRCC. The optimal cutoff for these markers was determined using X-tile software, and survival analyses using Cox regression were performed.ResultsA total of 687 patients had undergone nephrectomy. The optimal cutoffs for NLR, PLR, LMR, and RDW were 3.3, 210, 2.4, and 14.3%, respectively. The NLR, PLR, LMR, and RDW were significantly associated with a larger pathologic tumor size, and stage, more aggressive Fuhrman grade, and the presence of tumor necrosis. After adjusting for age, baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, pathologic tumor and nodal stage, and Fuhrman grade, only PLR remained an independent prognostic marker for both cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio, 2.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-5.33; P = .004) and overall survival (hazard ratio, 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-3.50; P = .001). When the PLR was included with the Leibovich score and University of California, Los Angeles, integrated staging system, the Harrell’s c-index increased from 0.854 to 0.876 and 0.751 to 0.810, respectively, for cancer-specific survival at 5 years after nephrectomy. When risk stratified by the Leibovich risk group and UCLA integrated staging system, PLR was a significant prognostic factor only within the intermediate- to high-risk groups.ConclusionsPLR is a robust prognostic marker in nonmetastatic ccRCC that clearly outperforms other inflammatory indexes in those who had undergone nephrectomy. However, its prognostic effect was limited in the low-risk category of ccRCC.     

Cell kinetics

Cell kinetic concepts have pervaded radiation therapy since the early part of the 20th century and have been instrumental in the development of modern radiotherapy. In this review, the fundamental radiobiological concepts that have been developed based on cell kinetic knowledge will be revisited and discussed in the context of contemporary radiation therapy. This will include how the proliferation characteristics, variation in sensitivity during the cell cycle and the extent of radiation-induced cell cycle delay translate into a variable time for the expression of damage, how cell kinetics interacts with hypoxia and how the response to fractionated radiation schedules is influenced by cell kinetics in terms of repair, redistribution, reoxygenation and repopulation. The promise of combining radiation with new biologically targeted agents and the potential of non-invasive positron emission tomography imaging of proliferation are areas where cell kinetics will continue to influence radiotherapy practice.     

Cell Size Following Irradiation in Relation to Cell Cycle

The cell volume of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells was studied following a radiation dose of 5.0 Gy. The cell volume increased 12 to 30 hours after irradiation by about 20 per cent, was normal at about 50 hours, and increased again at 72 hours. In order to explain these changes the composition of the cells in cell cycle was studied. In addition, the cell volume of irradiated cells from the various parts of the cell cycle, separated by centrifugal elutriation, was measured. The changes in the mean cell volume of unseparated cells could be explained by variations in the cell cycle composition of the cell population. Irradiated cells from the various parts of the cell cycle did not deviate from the volume of non-irradiated cells. The cell volume doubled during the cell cycle. This increase was, however, not linear.     

Inhibition of Glioma Cell Proliferation by Neural Stem Cell Factor

Summary Neural stem cells (NSC) have unique differentiation-, proliferation-, and motility properties. To investigate whether they secrete factors that interfere with the proliferation of glioma cells, we grew glioma cells in conditioned medium (CM) obtained from cultures of neurospheres including neural stem / progenitor cells (NSPC) isolated from embryonic (E14)- or adult mouse brain or fetal human brain. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and BrdU-labeling assays showed that CM from NSPC (NSPC/CM) contained factor(s) that inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells by 28–87%. Filter-fractionation of NSPC/CM revealed that the 50,000–100,000 nominal molecular weight limit (NMWL) fraction contained the inhibitory activity. On the basis of these observations we transplanted 203G glioma cells and/or NSPC into the intrathecal space of the cisterna magna of mice to investigate whether NSPC interfere with the proliferation of glioma cells in vivo. Mice transplanted with both 203G and NSPC survived significantly longer than did mice transplanted only with 203G. We concluded that NSPC secrete factor(s) that may control glioma cell proliferation.     

High Occurrence of Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in Oman

It is conventionally accepted that renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occurs in older patients and the clear cell type is the most common histology. However, ethnic variations exist and this study was carried out to determine the epidemiological pattern of RCC in Oman. Ninety RCC patients who presented to a tertiary care center in the Sultanate of Oman from 2010 to 2014 were studied. The main findings were that the median age of presentation was low, more patients presented with localized stage, and there was a higher incidence of non-clear (especially papillary) histology. Data from other Gulf countries and possible reasons for the different profile are discussed.     

Changes in Cell Characteristics Due to Culture Conditions in Cell Lines From Human Small Cell Lung Cancer

Eight cultured cell lines were established from human smallcell lung cancers. Every cell line showed the morphologicaland biochemical characteristics of small cell cancer. Changesin cell characteristics were observed in many of these celllines when culture conditions were changed: "oat cell type"changed to "intermediate cell type" and vice versa when serum-freemedium was changed to serum-supplemented medium; a deficiencyof vitamin A in the medium caused a change to squamous cellsand vice versa; and a tumor promoter (teleocidin B) enhancedthe adherence of these cells to the surface of plastic culturedishes. These findings provide evidence that many small celllung cancer cell lines can change their morphology with changesin the environment of the cells.     

Inhibition of Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity by Cell Growth-related Molecules

Certain MHC class I molecules on target cells are known to inhibit the cytotoxic action of NK cells. By using monoclonal antibody (mAb) Cho-1, we have found inhibitory non-MHC class I cell surface molecules that are noncovalently-associated with 200 kDa and 40 kDa antigens. Poly I-C-induced rat NK cells were not cytotoxic to rat fetus-derived fibroblast WFB cell line. In contrast, NK cells were cytotoxic to H- ras oncogene-induced transformants of WFB, W14 and W31. FACS analysis indicated that mAb Cho-1 reacts with WFB, but not with W14 and W31 cells. Thus, this antigen may disappear concomitantly with cell growth and transformation. Cho-1 antigens were also expressed on other NK-resistant lines, such as mouse BALB3T3 fibroblast, EL-4 lymphoma and human fibroblast HEPM. However, they were not expressed on NK-sensitive mouse YAC-1 and H- ras transformant (Brash) of BALB3T3 cells. Furthermore, treatment of target cells with IFN-γ clearly induced the cell surface expression of Cho-1 antigens, and conferred a resistance to NK cytolysis on target cells. These data strongly suggest that Cho-I antigen expression may correlate with target cell susceptibility to NK cells. Indeed, treatment of NK-resistant WFB as well as HEPM cells with F(ab')₂ fragments of mAb Cho-1 resulted in the acquisition of susceptibility to NK cytolysis. Cho-1 antigens may be novel molecules that regulate the NK resistance of cells.