解脲脲原体感染与男性不育关系的研究

目的研究解脲脲原体感染与男性不育的关系，探讨解脲脲原体引起性不育的可能机制。方法用扫找电和免疫酶（ＰＡＰ法）染色观察解脲脲原体感染的不育患者精子。结果Ｕｕ阳性 子在扫是可见部分精子的头。尾部有明显颗粒状物质吸附。而Ｕｕ阴性的精子上见任何颗粒吸附。Ｕｕ在扫描电下多呈卵圆形和球杆状，单个、成双或呈链状排列。与吸附干精了上的颗粒相似。３３份Ｕｕ培养阳性的精子涂片用抗Ｕｕ血清做ＰＡＰ免疫酶染色，证明其中２     

解脲脲原体与新生儿感染

目的确定解脲脲原体（Ｕｕ）与新生儿肺炎等感染的关系。方法用间接血凝试验（ＩＨＡ）检测妊娠晚期孕妇血清Ｕｕ抗体，并对胎盘做Ｕｕ分离培养，用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测部分胎儿脐血清Ｕｕ－ＩｇＭ抗体。并对孕妇血清Ｕｕ抗体阳性组和阴性组新生儿感染情况进行比较。结果１６０名孕妇血清中，８１例Ｕｕ抗体阳性，从其中１３例的胎盘中分离培养出Ｕｕ。用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测５例胎盘Ｕｕ阳性的新生儿脐血Ｕｕ－ＩｇＭ，３例阳性。孕妇血清抗体阳性组的新生儿肺炎１６例，发热者１０例，两者总发病率为５４．５％，较阴性组高（３７．９％，Ｕ检验Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论Ｕｕ是引起新生儿感染，特别是新生儿肺炎的主要病原体之一     

解脲脲原体与新生儿感染

目的确定解脲脲原体（Ｕｕ）戌新生儿肺炎等感染的关系，方法用间接血弟试验（ＩＨＡ）检测妊娠晚期孕妇血清Ｕｕ抗体，并对胎盘做Ｕｕ分离培养，用酶联附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测部分胎儿脐血清Ｕｕ－ＩｇＭ抗体。并对孕妇血清Ｕｕ抗体阳性组和阴性组织新一儿感染情况进行比较。结果１６０名孕妇血清中８１例Ｕｕ抗体阳性，从其中１３例的胎盘中分离培养出Ｕｕ。用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测５例胎盘Ｕｕ阳性的新生儿脐血Ｕｕ－ｌｇＭ，３例阳     

解脲脲原体感染对精子功能影响的实验研究

研究解脲脲原体感染对精子功能的影响。正常精液一式二份，一份用解脲脲原体Ⅳ型人工感染正常精子，一份作对照，于感染后４ｈ，８ｈ，１６ｈ，２４ｈ的不同时间观察精子的低渗肿胀试验、精子爬高试验、精子活力及活率。结果，正常精子受解脲脲原体Ⅳ型感染８ｈ，爬高高度低于对照组（４８．１ｍｍ±４．２ｍｍ对６９．５ｍｍ±１．６ｍｍ，Ｐ＜０．０５）；感染１６ｈｇ形精子百分率、活力、活率明显下降；感染２４ｈ精子总肿胀率明显低于对照组（１２．７５％±８．９８％对７５．５０％±４．８８％，Ｐ＜０．０１）。解脲脲原体Ⅳ型对精子低渗肿胀率和毛细管中爬高力有明显影响，是解脲脲原体引起男性不育的病因之一。     

男性不育患者解脲脲原体感染与精子质量的相关性

目的 探讨男性不育症患者解脲脲原体(UU)感染与精子质量的相关性。方法 580例男性不育患者根据精液解脲脲原体(UU)培养结果分为阳性和阴性2组,比较2组精液参数,包括精液量、精子浓度、精子存活率、精子活力、精子形态等。结果阳性组患者精液量、存活率、前向运动精子(PR)、不活动精子(IM)、精子中段形态计数和阴性组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。精液浓度、非前向运动(NP)、正常精子形态计数、精子头部及尾部形态计数,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 UU感染可对精液常规主要参数产生不良影响,应引起临床高度重视。进行UU检测,可提高疗效。     

解脲脲原体感染对精子膜功能的影响

解脲脲原体（Ｕｒｅａｐｌａｓｍａｕｒｅａｌｙｔｉｃｕｍ，ＵＵ）感染可导致男性不育［１］，但其致病机理尚未清楚。本文利用测定精子膜功能的低渗膨胀试验（ｈｙｐｏｏｓｍｏｔｉｃｓｗｅｌｉｎｇｔｅｓｔ，ＨＯＳＴ）就解脲脲原体感染对精子膜功能的影响作一探讨。精...     

解脲脲原体热休克蛋白HSP70与男性不育的相关研究

支原体是引起不育的致病菌之一。解脲脲原体通过改变精液参数、影响精子运动方式、产生抗精子抗体、导致精子凋亡数增加而引起男性不育。解脲脲原体热休克蛋白与男性不育的关系主要在于热休克蛋白70(HSP70)可以抑制解脲脲原体细胞凋亡。     

不育男性抗精子抗体与解脲脲原体感染的相关性分析

<正>抗精子抗体(AsAb)的产生与男性生殖道感染有关[1],且两者都可以引起男性不育;有关生殖道解脲脲原体(Uu)感染及抗精子抗体所致不育机制研究较多,本文就解脲脲原体的感染与血清、精浆中AsAb的相关性进行研究,旨在进一步了解Uu与它们两者之间的关系以及对男性不育的影响。     

聚合酶链反应微孔板杂交法检测解脲脲原体及药敏分析

目的 建立敏感、特异的聚合酶链反应－微孔板杂交法（ＰＣＲ－ＭＰＨ）检测解脲脲原体（Ｕｕ）的感染,并分析药敏情况。方法 将带有生物素标记的Ｕｕ的聚合酶链反应产物结合在链霉亲和素包被的微孔板上,与标记地高辛的探针进行杂交后,通过标记碱性磷酸酶的抗地高辛抗体（ａｎｔｉ－ＤＩＧ－ＡＰ）与杂交分子进行反应,最终经底物显色后读数;同时应用生物梅里埃公司支原体培养试剂盒（ＩＳＴ）进行了Ｕｕ的培养及药敏试验。结果 通过优化多种试验条件建立了ＰＣＲ－ＭＰＨ法检测Ｕｕ,并分析了不同人群１５８份标本,其中微孔板杂交法阳性６５份,培养法阳性５６份;药敏结果显示,敏感率原始霉素１００％、交沙霉素９６．６％、强力霉素８９．７％、四环素７９．３％、氧氟沙星３４．５％、红霉素６．９％。结论 ＰＣＲ－ＭＰＨ法采用非放射性标记,具有无污染、经济、     

解脲脲原体感染对男性不育症患乾精液质量的影响

目的：探讨男性不育症患者解脲脲原体（UU）感染与精子密度及精子运动质量的关系。方法;将258例男性不育症患者精液进行UU 培养及精液计算机辅助分析。结果：无精子症组、少精子症组、精子密度正常组三者之间UU感染阳性率有明显区别（P＜0.05),以少精子症患者UU感染阳性率最高。UU阳性组与UU阴性组比较,精子运动质量无明显差别（P＞0.05),但前者运动线性有明显下降趋势（P＜0.01)。结论：UU感染可对男性的生精功能及精子质量有一定影响,从而使精液整体质量下降。     

Leitlinien zur h?uslichen Sauerstoff- und Heimbeatmungstherapie

Ohne Zusammenfassung Koautoren: Prof. Dr. U. Costabel, Essen. Prof. Dr. R. Dierkesmann, Stuttgart-Gerlingen. Prof. Dr. P. Dorow, Berlin. P. D. Dr. J. Fichter, Homburg/Saar. Prof. Dr. J. Fischer, Norderney. Prof. Dr. G. Goeckenjan, Immenhausen, Prof. Dr. K. H?u?linger, Gauting, Dr. H. Hein, Gro?hansdorf, Dr. O. Karg, Gauting, Prof. Dr. R. Keller, Barmelweid, Prof. Dr. G. Klein, St. Blasien-Menzenschwand, Prof. Dr. N. Konietzko, Essen, Prof. Dr. H. Lindemann, Gie?en, Prof. Dr. R. Loddenkemper, Berlin, Prof. Dr. H. Magnussen, Gro?hansdorf, Prof. Dr. H. Matthys, Freiburg, Prof. Dr. R. Meister, Bad Lippspringe, Prof. Dr. D. Nolte, Bad Reichenhall, Prof. Dr. H. Peter, Marburg, P. D. Dr. T. Podszus, Marburg, Prof. Dr. W. Petro, Bad Reichenhall, Dr. K. Rasche, Bochum, Dr. D. Rohde, Mühlheim/Ruhr, Prof. Dr. K.-H. Rühle, Hagen-Ambrock, Dr. T. Sch?fer, Bochum, Prof. Dr. M. Schl?fke, Bochum, Prof. Dr. W. Schmidt, Mainz, Dr. B. Sch?nhofer, Grafschaft, Prof. Dr. V. Schulz, Heidelberg, Prof. Dr. G. Schultze-Werninghaus, Bochum, Prof. Dr. G. W. Sybrecht, Homburg/Saar, Dr. S. Thalhofer, Berlin, P. D. Dr. H. Teschler, Essen, Prof. Dr. P. Werrner, Austin, Il, USA, Prof. Dr. R. Wettengel, Bad Lippspringe, Prof. Dr. P. von Wichert, Marburg, Dr. B. Wisthal, Bad Lippspringe und Prof. Dr. H. Worth, Fürth.     

聚合酶链反应-反向斑点杂交鉴定分枝杆菌菌种

目的 建立一种简便、快速、敏感和特异的分枝杆菌菌种鉴定方法。方法以１６ＳｒＤＮＡ为靶序列,采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）－反向斑点杂交检测２５种分枝杆菌１１种分枝杆菌标准株、１２０株分枝杆菌临床分离株和２６份痰标本。结果 分枝杆菌、非分枝杆菌标准株经ＤＮＡ扩增,分枝杆菌均出现５７８ｂｐＤＮＡ片段,非分枝杆菌除假白喉棒状杆菌可见同样片段外,其余菌种均未见扩增。敏感性试验可检测出１００ｆｇ结核分枝杆菌ＤＮ     

THE RELATION OF THE SPINAL CORD TO THE SPONTANEOUS LIBERATION OF EPINEPHRIN FROM THE ADRENALS

On page 616, Vol. XXVI, No. 5, November 1, 1917, foot-note 2, for Marine, D., and Rogoff, J. M., J. Pharm. and Exp. Therap., 1916-17, ix, 1, read Stewart, G. N., and Rogoff, J. M., J. Pharm. and Exp. Therap., 1917, x, 1. On page 627, foot-note 4, for Stewart and Rogoff, J. Pharm. and Exp. Therap., 1916-17, ix, 479, read Stewart and Rogoff, J. Pharm. and Exp. Therap., 1916, viii, 479.     

BOOK & MEDIA REVIEWS

ENTEROVIRAL AND TOXIN MEDIATED MYALGIC ENCEPHALO-MYELITS/CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME AND OTHER ORGAN PATHOLOGIES. John Richardson, MB, BS. The Haworth Press, Inc., Binghamton, NY, 2001, 247 pages, hardcover, ISBN: 0789011271, List price: $59.95. Reviewed by Akiko Okifuji

MANAGING PAIN BEFORE IT MANAGES YOU, Second Edition. Margaret A. Caudill, MD, PhD. Guilford Press, NY, 2001, 224 pages, paperback, ISBN: 0898622247, List price: $19.95 Reviewed by Akiko Okifuji

THE MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL HANDBOOK OF PAIN MANAGEMENT, 2nd Edition. Edited by Jane Ballantyne, Scott M. Fishman, and Salahadin Abdi. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2001, XX + 587 pages, paperback, ISBN: 0-7817-2377-9, List price: 39.95. Reviewed by Jon Paul Harmer

TOOLKIT FOR NURSING EXCELLENCE AT END OF LIFE TRANSITION FOR NURSING EDUCATORS (TNEEL-NE) CD ROM (Version 1). D. J. Wilkie, M. A. Brown, I. Corless, S. Farber, K. Judge, S. Shannon, and M. Wells, Cancer Pain and Symptom Management Nursing Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Reviewed by Patricia A. Berry

THE MEDICAL CARE OF TERMINALLY ILL PATIENTS, 2nd Edition. Robert E. Enck, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2002, xiv + 226 pages, ISBN: 0-8018-6765-5, paperback, List Price: $31.50, ISBN: 0-8018-6766-5, hardcover, List Price: $68.00. Reviewed by Arthur G. Lipman     

Immunological effects of amphotericin B and liposomal amphotericin B on splenocytes from immune-normal and immune-compromised mice.

The immunological effects of amphotericin B and liposomal amphotericin B were studied in vitro by measuring B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation on splenocytes from immune-normal, cyclosporine-compromised, and cyclophosphamide-compromised mice. Cellular viability of cells from immune-normal mice was also evaluated. The concentrations used (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 micrograms/ml) encompassed clinically relevant doses. Amphotericin B consistently reduced the abilities of B cells and T cells to proliferate, especially when administered at higher than clinically relevant doses. Direct cytotoxicity probably played only a minor role, since viability studies showed that, compared with its liposomal analog, amphotericin B reduced the number of viable cells by no more than 10%. Clinically relevant doses of liposomal amphotericin B (A. S. Janoff, L. T. Boni, M. C. Popescu, S. R. Minchey, P. R. Cullis, T. D. Madden, T. Tarashi, S. M. Gruner, E. Shyamsunder, M. W. Tate, R. Mendelsohn, and D. Bonner, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:6122-6126, 1988; R. Mehta, G. Lopez-Berestein, R. Hopfer, K. Mills, and R. L. Juliano, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 770:230-234, 1984) did not inhibit any of the immune parameters examined. Liposomes may, therefore, be a useful means of delivering more drug to a host infected with a fungal organism without further compromising the patient's already suppressed immune system.     

Shell-vial assay: evaluation of a new technique for determining antibiotic susceptibility, tested in 13 isolates of Coxiella burnetii.

Coxiella burnetii is a strictly intracellular bacterium. Bacteriostatic effects have been described previously on a few isolates in embryonated eggs (A. J. Spicer, M. G. Peacock, and J. C. Williams, p. 375-383, in W. Burgdorfer and R. L. Anacker, ed., Rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases, 1981). We used the shell-vial technique (D. Raoult, G. Vestris, and M. Enea, J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:2482-2484, 1990) to determine the susceptibility of C. burnetii to amoxicillin, amikacin, erythromycin, co-trimoxazole, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and rifampin antibiotics at a single dilution. Human embryonic lung fibroblast monolayers in shell vials were seeded with 13 different C. burnetii isolates, including 3 reference strains (Nine Mile, Q212, and Priscilla) and 10 new isolates, in order to obtain 30% infected cells 6 days later. After inoculation, antibiotics were added, shell vials were incubated for 7 days, and immunofluorescence was revealed and compared with that of the positive controls. Strain Nine Mile was more susceptible than strains Q212 and Priscilla were. The heterogeneity of susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin was noted among the strains; all were resistant to amoxicillin and amikacin, and all were susceptible to rifampin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, and tetracycline analogs.     

The media

Films: HOW COULD I NOT BE AMONG YOU?, Thomas Reichman, Eccentric Circle Cinema Workshop, Box 1481, Evanston, Ill. 60204. 30 min. color, 1970.

DEATH, Arthur Burron, Filmakers Library, Inc., 290 W. End Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10023. 40 min. black and white, 1968

THE DIGNITY OF DEATH: ABC News, 1973.

TERMINAL CANCER: The Hospice Approach to Pain Control (Part 1) with Sylvia A. Lack, M.D., Medical Director of Hospice, Inc., New Haven, Conn. 19 min. color, videotape, NCME, Roche, 1977.

TERMINAL CANCER: The Hospice Approach to the Family (Part 2) with Sylvia A. Lack, M.D., Medical Director of Hospice, Inc., New Haven, Conn. 19 min. color, videotape, NCME, Roche, 1977.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
The Audit Handbook by I. Crornbie, H. Davies, S. Abraham & C. Florey, John Wiley, Chichester, 1993.
ABC of child abuse edited by R. Meadow, BMJ Publishing, London, 1993.
Care Staff Management, a practitioner's guide by John Clements & Ewa Zarkowska, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1994.
Interviewing skills for nurses and other health care professionals by R. Newell, Routledge, London, 1994.
Beyond total quality management by L. Reynolds, Sheldon Press, London, 1994.11 4 pp.
The management of head injuries by D. Currie, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1994.
Impossible Decisions by D. Padfield & D. Padfield, Triangle, London, 1994.
The development of social welfare in Britain by E. Midwinter, Open Uiversity Press, Buckingham, 1994.
Quality of life edited by S. Baldwin, C. Godfrey & C. Propper, Routledge, London, 1994.
Healthy cities edited by J. Davies & M. Kelly, Routledge, London, 1994.
Adult health nursing by Beare & Myers, Mosby Year Book, St Louis, 19B4.
AIDS & HIV in perspective by B.D. Schoub, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994.     

Association of 5' end neuregulin-1 (NRG1) gene variation with subcortical medial frontal microstructure in humans

Animal data suggest that the gene neuregulin-1 (NRG1) is involved in neuronal myelination. A haplotype (deCODE) in the 5' end region of the gene was described to double the risk for schizophrenia in an Icelandic population (Stefansson, H., Sigurdsson, E., Steinthorsdottir, V., Bjornsdottir, S., Sigmundsson, T., Ghosh, S., Brynjolfsson, J., Gunnarsdottir, S., Ivarsson, O., Chou, T.T., Hjaltason, O., Birgisdottir, B., Jonsson, H., Gudnadottir, V.G., Gudmundsdottir, E., Bjornsson, A., Ingvarsson, B., Ingason, A., Sigfusson, S., Hardardottir, H., Harvey, R.P., Lai, D., Zhou, M., Brunner, D., Mutel, V., Gonzalo, A., Lemke, G., Sainz, J., Johannesson, G., Andresson, T., Gudbjartsson, D., Manolescu, A., Frigge, M.L., Gurney, M.E., Kong, A., Gulcher, J.R., Petursson, H., Stefansson, K. 2002. Neuregulin-1 and susceptibility to schizophrenia. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71, 877-892). Of note, there is now increasing evidence of disturbed myelination in this illness--particularly in subcortical frontal lobe white matter (Konrad, A., Winterer, G. 2008. Disturbed structural connectivity in schizophrenia--primary factor in pathology or epiphenomenon? Schiz. Bull. [Electronic publication ahead of print]). Therefore, we investigated with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) the impact of a tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) from the deCODE haplotype, i.e., SNP8NRG221533, on fractional anisotropy (FA), which reflects structural integrity of white matter. SNP8NRG221533 was selected because it gave the single best uncorrected association with schizophrenia in the original report by Stefansson et al. (Stefansson, H., Sigurdsson, E., Steinthorsdottir, V., Bjornsdottir, S., Sigmundsson, T., Ghosh, S., Brynjolfsson, J., Gunnarsdottir, S., Ivarsson, O., Chou, T.T., Hjaltason, O., Birgisdottir, B., Jonsson, H., Gudnadottir, V.G., Gudmundsdottir, E., Bjornsson, A., Ingvarsson, B., Ingason, A., Sigfusson, S., Hardardottir, H., Harvey, R.P., Lai, D., Zhou, M., Brunner, D., Mutel, V., Gonzalo, A., Lemke, G., Sainz, J., Johannesson, G., Andresson, T., Gudbjartsson, D., Manolescu, A., Frigge, M.L., Gurney, M.E., Kong, A., Gulcher, J.R., Petursson, H., Stefansson, K. 2002. Neuregulin-1 and susceptibility to schizophrenia. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71, 877-892). As predicted, we found medial frontal FA to be significantly associated with this NRG1 gene variation. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), we could largely exclude the possibility that this genotype effect is indirectly caused by genotype-dependent effects on brain volume. This is the first demonstration that SNP8NRG221533 of the NRG1 gene affects medial frontal white matter microstructure in humans. As the degree of neuronal myelination contributes to structural integrity, our finding further supports a potential role of NRG1 in neuronal myelination in the human brain. By extension, our findings suggest that SNP8NRG221533 may contribute to the risk for the complex polygenic illness schizophrenia via its impact on myelination in frontal lobe white matter.