纯苦杏仁苷的制备

苦杏仁经灭酶、脱脂、萃取、重结晶，制得高纯苦杏仁苷。比较了不同溶剂的脱脂效果，及不吲浓度和用量乙醇对重结晶的影响，所得优化工艺条件为：70～80℃水浴中用石油醚提取3次所得的脱脂粕用无水乙醇回流提取3次，所得粗品用无水乙醇重结晶3次，得到苦杏仁苷的纯度为98％，总收率34％。     

生桃仁中苦杏仁甙提取工艺研究

目的 　研究生桃仁中苦杏仁甙的提取工艺条件。方法 　通过四因素三水平的正交试验 ,采用 HPLC法测定苦杏仁甙 ,经方差分析优化筛选苦杏仁甙的提取工艺条件并考察其稳定性。结果 　不同提取方法对生桃仁中苦杏仁甙的提取率有极显著影响 (P<0 .0 1) ,采用 90℃以上热水直接继续加热沸提 ,提取物中苦杏仁甙含量是冷水浸泡后再加热沸提的 2倍。水用量、提取次数及提取时间对苦杏仁甙提取率无显著影响 (P>0 .0 5 )。 结论 　生桃仁中苦杏仁甙的优化提取工艺条件为直接加 10倍量沸水提取 1次 ,提取时间为 2 h,工艺稳定可行     

苦杏仁苷提取工艺优化

采用正交试验法对影响从苦杏仁提取苦杏仁苷工艺的因素进行了研究.建立了苦杏仁苷含量的HPLC检测方法.结果表明萃取时间、萃取剂用量对提取收率有显著影响,优化提取工艺条件为:萃取剂(95%乙醇)用量40ml,萃取时间30min,萃取温度60℃,结晶溶剂为乙醇-乙醚(1:0.3).产品纯度96%,收率3.1%.     

苦杏仁3种提取工艺中苦杏仁苷提取率的比较

目的比较3种杏仁提取工艺中苦杏仁苷提取率.方法以硝酸银滴定法测量3种苦杏仁提取工艺中苦杏仁苷的含量并计算提取率.结果 3种提取方法提取率,分别为95.77%、64.88%、55.61%,其中蒸馏苦杏仁水法最高,醇提苦杏仁苷法次之.结论三种提取方法均可得到较高的提取率.     

苦杏仁酶法转化桃叶珊瑚苷为桃叶珊瑚苷苷元的分析

目的：对桃叶珊瑚苷的苦杏仁酶法转化和桃叶珊瑚苷苷元的LC—MS色谱分析进行研究。方法：从苦杏仁中提取苦杏仁酶，用3，5-二硝基水杨酸（DNS）法测定苦杏仁酶的活力；将苦杏仁酶与桃叶珊瑚苷在37℃温孵60min后，低温乙酸乙酯萃取获得苷元，并对苷和苷元分别在流动相为甲醇-水（10：90）条件下的LC—MS色谱行为进行分析。结果：苦杏仁酶的酶活力为174U&#183;mg-1，桃叶珊瑚苷苷元的转化得率为31．41％，得到的苷元纯度在93．23％以上。结论：本方法简单经济，获得的苷元纯度高，低温密封能保持苷元稳定。     

正交试验优选新疆苦巴旦杏仁中苦杏仁苷提取工艺

目的:优选新疆苦巴旦杏仁中苦杏仁苷的提取工艺。方法:以苦杏仁苷含量为定量指标,通过单因素试验优选出的微波灭酶时间、苦巴旦杏仁细粉与石油醚比例、脱脂粕与95%乙醇的比例为考察因素,用正交试验优选最佳提取工艺。结果:最佳提取工艺为微波灭酶3.5min,苦巴旦杏仁细粉与石油醚比例为1∶6进行脱脂,脱脂粕与95%乙醇为1∶30进行纯化,在此条件下苦杏仁苷的含量为3.21%。结论:该提取工艺合理、简单、可行,可为大生产提供理论依据。     

苦杏仁甙生产工艺研究

目前苦杏仁甙生产的主要问题是总收率仅为1．5－2．0％,提取率约为50％。究其原因在灭酶、脱脂、提取、结晶等环节存在问题。经试验与生产实践的改进,总收率提高2．9－3．1％,提取率为79％。     

苦杏仁中β-葡萄糖苷酶活性测定条件的研究

目的建立苦杏仁中β-葡萄糖苷酶活性测定的最优条件,为进一步阐明苦杏仁炮制原理及储藏养护条件研究提供依据。方法采用比色法,以对硝基苯-β-D-葡萄糖苷为底物,考察苦杏仁中β-葡萄糖苷酶活性测定的最佳条件。结果苦杏仁中β-葡萄糖苷酶活性测定的最佳条件为p H=5.0柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液,反应温度50℃,底物浓度50 mmol·L~(-1),反应时间30 min,于400 nm波长条件下检测β-葡萄糖苷酶活性。结论确定了测定苦杏仁中β-葡萄糖苷酶活性的最佳条件,为进一步研究苦杏仁"杀酶保苷"炮制原理、储藏养护条件及储藏期奠定基础。     

镇原苦杏仁化学成分的研究

用GC、HPLC、IR、UV和化学分析等方法对甘肃镇原县所产苦杏仁的化学成份进行了研究。油的含量为50.1%,经鉴定含有8种脂肪酸。脱脂提甙后的杏仁粉中含有15种氨基酸,总含量为13.032%,其中谷氨酸的含量最高为3.786%。提取分离鉴定了具有药用价值的苦杏仁甙,其含量为 4.40%。杏仁粉中甙的残留量为0.008%,折合氰氢酸为4.7ppm。     

苦杏仁皮中膳食纤维和黄酮同步提取工艺的优化

目的 优化苦杏仁皮中膳食纤维和黄酮的同步提取工艺.方法 采用酶-重量法计算膳食纤维含量,采用紫外分光光度法测定黄酮含量;以料液比、pH、木瓜蛋白酶溶液浓度、α-淀粉酶溶液浓度、酶解温度和酶解时间为因素,膳食纤维和黄酮含量为指标,采用单因素实验和正交实验设计优化提取工艺.结果 最优提取工艺为料液比1:10(g/mL)、p...     

含量测定结合HPLC指纹图谱优选黄芪不同栽培方式

目的 优选黄芪药材的最佳栽培方式。方法 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱技术,以4个成分（毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素）的含量及黄芪黄酮的高效液相色谱特征图谱的共有峰总面积之和为综合评判指标,通过考察不同栽培方式（不起垄覆膜、10cm垄高覆膜、20cm垄高覆膜、30cm垄高覆膜、露头移栽）对黄芪药材质量的影响。结果 当栽培方式为不起垄覆膜（即当地传统的平地开沟覆膜移栽）时,黄芪药材质量最优。结论 该试验考察了不同栽培方式对于黄芪药材质量的影响,为以后黄芪药材进一步的种植研究提供依据。     

闽产三叶青地上部分提取物体内抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的 研究闽产三叶青地上部分提取物体内抗炎镇痛作用。方法 分别采用低、中、高剂量的闽产三叶青地上部分提取物,抗炎作用实验以二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀急性炎症模型并以醋酸泼尼松为阳性药、角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀急性炎症模型并以醋酸地塞米松为阳性药、大鼠棉球肉芽组织增生慢性炎症模型并以醋酸地塞米松为阳性药,镇痛作用实验以化学刺激法（扭体法）及热刺激法（热板法）并以罗通定为阳性药。结果 与模型组比较,闽产三叶青地上部分提取物中、高剂量组及粗提物组对二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀有明显的抑制作用（依次为P < 0.05,P < 0.01,P < 0.05）,耳肿胀抑制率分别为22.86%,38.79%,20.62%;提取物中、高剂量组及粗提物组对角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀急性炎症有明显的抑制作用（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）;提取物低、中、高剂量组及粗提物组均能显著减少大鼠棉球肉芽组织增生慢性炎症模型中大鼠肉芽肿的重量（依次为P < 0.05,P < 0.01,P < 0.01,P < 0.01）,其抑制率分别为28.12%,46.41%,59.58%,44.50%。与模型组比较,在60,90 min,提取物高剂量组能有效提高小鼠的痛阈值延长率（P < 0.05,P < 0.01）,痛阈值延长率最高达65.58%;提取物中、高剂量组及粗提物组能有效抑制醋酸致痛的小鼠扭体次数（依次为P < 0.05,P < 0.01,P < 0.05）,小鼠扭体潜伏期明显延长（依次为P < 0.05,P < 0.01,P < 0.05）,扭体次数明显减少（依次为P < 0.05,P < 0.01,P < 0.05）,镇痛抑制率最高达51.80%。结论 闽产三叶青地上部分提取物具有明显的体内抗炎镇痛作用。     

Chemical constituents of an Uzbek medicinal plant, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Perovskia scrophularifolia</Emphasis>

From the aerial parts of Perovskia scrophularifolia, a traditional medicinal plant in Uzbekistan, 11 known compounds, including 4 abietane-type diterpenoids, 1 flavone and 6 glycosides, were isolated and identified.     

Chemical characteristics for different parts of Panax notoginseng using pressurized liquid extraction and HPLC-ELSD

The chemical characteristics for different parts of Panax notoginseng, including root, fibre root, rhizome, stem, leaf, flower and seed, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). Eight major saponins, namely notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3 and Rd were also quantitatively compared among the different parts of P. notoginseng. The chromatograms showed that there was significant difference between underground (root, fibre root, rhizome) and aerial (leaf and flower) parts from P. notoginseng, though the similarities of entire chromatographic patterns among tested samples from underground (0.965 ± 0.029, n = 12) and aerial parts (0.987 ± 0.014, n = 5) were similar, respectively. Especially, no saponin was detected in the seed of P. notoginseng. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on eight investigated saponins or the ratios of contents for ginsenoside Rg1/Rb1 and ginsenoside Rb3/Rb1 showed that the samples from different parts of P. notoginseng were divided into three main clusters. One cluster was underground parts, which contained rich protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol types saponins. The leaf and flower were in the same cluster, which contained protopanaxadiol type saponins only. Especially, ginsenoside Rc, Rb2 and Rb3, rare in the underground parts, were rich in aerial parts of P. notoginseng. The stem of P. notoginseng was another cluster. Based on the cluster analysis, the chemical characteristics for different parts of P. notoginseng were revealed. They are composite cluster (underground parts), protopanaxadiol cluster (aerial parts) and interim (stem) cluster, which was the one between the two typical clusters, respectively. The result shows that chemical characteristics of underground parts and aerial parts from P. notoginseng are obviously different, which is helpful for pharmacological evaluation and quality control of P. notoginseng.     

A new phenolic glucoside from an Uzbek medicinal plant, Origanum tyttanthum

A new phenolic glucoside was isolated from the aerial parts of Origanum tyttanthum, an Uzbek medicinal plant, together with 12 known compounds. The structure of the new compound was elucidated as 4-O-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzyl-3′-hydroxyl-4′-methoxybenzoate (1) based on the spectral and chemical evidence.     

小儿生血糖浆联合蛋白琥珀酸铁口服溶液治疗小儿缺铁性贫血的疗效观察

目的 从药效学角度探讨甘草-大戟配伍禁忌的机制。方法 30只SD大鼠按体质量随机分成6组,每组5只,即大戟单煎液组、甘草单煎液组、甘草-大戟（1：1、2：1、3：1）合煎液组和对照组,分别ig等体积大戟单煎液（0.24 g/kg）、甘草单煎液（0.72 g/kg）、甘草-大戟1：1合煎液（甘草0.24 g/kg、大戟0.24 g/kg）、甘草-大戟2：1合煎液（甘草0.48 g/kg、大戟0.24 g/kg）、甘草-大戟3：1合煎液（甘草0.72 g/kg、大戟0.24 g/kg）和等体积生理盐水,大戟、甘草单煎液剂量设置参考《中国药典》规定的人口服剂量,根据人和大鼠体表面积比例进行换算。观察大鼠的排尿量、尿液中总蛋白含量、排便量、小肠推进率,考察甘草对大戟峻下逐水作用的影响。结果 与大戟单煎液组比较,甘草-大戟合煎液组大鼠的排尿量和排便量减少,小肠推进率降低,尿液中总蛋白浓度升高,其中,甘草-大戟（1：1、2：1、3：1）合煎液组大鼠的排便量均显著减少（P<0.05、0.01）,甘草-大戟（1：1、3：1）合煎液组大鼠的排尿量显著减少（P<0.01）,甘草-大戟（2：1、3：1）合煎液组大鼠的小肠推进率显著降低（P<0.01）,甘草-大戟（2：1、3：1）合煎液组大鼠尿液中总蛋白浓度显著升高（P<0.01）。结论 甘草与大戟配伍可明显拮抗大戟的利尿和泻下作用,影响大戟的峻下逐水功效。     

HPLC analysis of coumarins in Turkish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Seseli</Emphasis> species (Umbelliferae)

The n-hexane extracts of aerial and underground parts of three Seseli species, S. gummiferum subsp. corymbosum, S. resinosum, and S. hartvigii growing in Turkey were investigated concerning the presence of coumarins by normal-phase HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). In this respect, two coumarins, osthol (1) and corymbocoumarin (2) [(−)-(3′S, 4′S)-3′-acetoxy-4′-isovaleryloxy-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin] isolated from aerial parts of S. gummiferum subsp. corymbosum, were used as standard samples. The amount of these compounds were discussed and evaluated in this study.     

Megastigmane glucoside from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Asystasia gangetica</Emphasis> (L.) T. Anderson

A 5,11-epoxymegastigmane glucoside (asysgangoside) was isolated from the aerial parts of Asystasia gangetica together with the known compounds, salidroside, benzyl β-d-glucopyranoside, (6S,9R)-roseoside, ajugol, apigenin 7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside, and apigenin 7-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside. The structure elucidations were based on spectroscopic evidence.     

Cytotoxic constituents ofSorbaria sorbifolia var.stellipila

The acivity-guided fractionation upon the MeOH extract of the aerial parts ofSorbaria sorbifolia var.stellipila led to the isolation of two cucurbitacin-compounds, cucurbitacin D and cucurbitacin F, as active principles. Two compounds were shown to exhibit significant cytotoxicity against cultured human tumor cell lines, A-549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF-498, and HCT 15.