头孢克洛人体尿药浓度的毛细管电泳分析

目的 :建立适合国人尿液中头孢克洛分离分析的毛细管电泳方法。方法 :用重蒸馏水多倍稀释尿液后直接进样电泳分析。电泳分离条件为 :未涂层毛细管 48cm× 5 0μm ;运行缓冲液为 5 0 m mol/ L磷酸二氢钠 - 12 .5 mm ol/ L硼砂 (p H 8.0 8) ;操作电压 2 0 k V(+ )→ (- ) ;压力进样 8.2 74× 10 4Pa· s;柱上紫外 2 6 5 nm检测。 结果 :头孢克洛和内标物头孢拉定在 6 .5min内获得了理想的分离。尿药浓度在 2 .5～ 2 5 0 .0μg/ ml范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9991,n =5 ) ,绝对回收率大于95 .5 % ,日内及日间精密度均小于 8.0 %。 结论 :毛细管电泳应用于健康志愿者口服头孢克洛普通胶囊后尿药浓度的动态分析 ,方法准确可靠 ,操作简便易行     

四倍体板蓝根中五种有机酸成分的毛细管电泳分离分析

选择毛细管区带电泳分离模式 ,以肉桂酸为内标建立了适合板蓝根药材中抗内毒素活性成分五种有机酸优化分离与定量分析的毛细管电泳方法。电泳分离条件 :毛细管 4 0 cm× 50 μm,运行缓冲液 p H9.5磷酸二氢钠 -硼砂 ( 50 mmol/L∶ 1 2 .5mmol/L,内含 1 6mmol/Lβ-CD) ,压力进样 2 0 psi× s,操作电压 1 8k V ( )→( -) ,柱上在线检测 UV2 0 0 nm,毛细管柱温 2 5℃     

高效毛细管电泳法测定血清中头孢他啶的含量

采用高效毛细管电泳法测定血清中头孢他啶的含量。毛细管 6 0cm× 75 μm ;运行缓冲液 2 5mmol/L四硼酸钠 (pH8 2 ) ,高压进样 5s,分离电压 2 0kV ,温度为 2 5℃ ,检测波长为 2 5 4nm ,地塞米松磷酸钠为内标。头孢他啶在 0 .6 2 5～ 2 0 μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9997) ,平均回收率为 98.81 % (n =5 ,RSD =1 .88% )。     

高效毛细管电泳法测定肤炎康霜中氯霉素的含量

目的 :测定肤炎康霜中氯霉素的含量。方法 :高效毛细管电泳法。毛细管 60cm× 70 μm ;运行缓冲液 10 0mmol/L四硼酸钠(pH 9.2 ) ,高压进样 10s ,分离电压 2 5kV ,温度为 2 5℃ ,检测波长为 2 78nm。结果 :氯霉素在 2 0～ 10 0 μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9995 ) ,平均回收率为 99.45 % (n =5 ,RSD =0 .98% )。结论 :本法简单、快捷、灵敏。     

高效毛细管电泳法测定决明子及决明子茶中大黄素和芦荟大黄素的含量

目的　建立简单、快速且能同时分离测定决明子及决明子茶中大黄素、芦荟大黄素含量的胶束毛细管电泳法。方法　采用高效毛细管电泳法 ,缓冲体系为 15 0mmol/L硼砂 30 0mmol/LSDS 10 %乙醇 (pH 9 6 0 ) ,熔融石英毛细管柱 (5 0cm× 75 μm) ,分离电压为 2 0kV ,检测波长为 2 5 4nm ,温度为 (2 5± 0 3)℃ ,进样时间为 5s。 结果　大黄素、芦荟大黄素在 4～ 12 0 μg/mL、10～ 2 0 0 μg/mL与峰面积线性关系良好 ,大黄素和芦荟大黄素平均回收率分别为 98 6 %和 10 2 9%。结论　该方法简单、快速、准确、重现性好 ,可用于决明子药材及决明子茶的质量控制     

毛细管区带电泳法测定枸橼酸昔多芬的含量

目的 :建立适合测定治疗男性性功能障碍新药枸橼酸昔多芬 (商品名伟哥 )的毛细管区带电泳分析法 (CZE)。方法 :采用 40 cm× 75μm (i.d)毛细管柱来分离测定样品 ,以粉防己碱为内标 (IS) ,2 5 mm ol/ L硼砂 (p H=7.89)为缓冲溶液 ,电压 14k V、虹吸进样 1s,紫外检测器检测波长 2 14nm。 结果 :在 4m in内可完成枸橼酸昔多芬与内标物的分离和测定 ,该法最低检测浓度为 5 μg/ ml;在 2 4～ 480 μg/ ml范围内线性关系良好 (r=0 .9998,n=5 ) ;日内 RSD<1.5 8%、日间 RSD<2 .46 % ,回收率为 95 %～ 10 5 %。 结论 :CZE法用于枸橼酸昔多芬含量的监测 ,方法准确、可靠、简便、易行。     

毛细管电泳法测定金芪降糖片中小檗碱的含量

目的 :采用毛细管电泳法快速地对金芪降糖片中 3种生物碱进行分析并测定其中盐酸小檗碱的含量。探讨有机改性剂的加入对分离的影响以及缓冲液的重复使用对定量分析产生的影响。方法 :毛细管电泳 ,未涂层石英毛细管 (5 0cm× 10 0 μm) ,以 4 0mmol/L磷酸氢二钠—甲醇 (6 5∶35 )为缓冲液 ,2 5 4nm为测定波长 ,测定盐酸小檗碱含量。结果 :在 12min内测定盐酸小檗碱 ,盐酸小檗碱平均含量为 1 5 2 % (g/g) ;线性范围 0 0 1～ 0 2 0mg/ml;r=0 9999。结论 :该方法可做为金芪降糖片中盐酸小檗碱含量测定方法之一。     

毛细管区带电泳法检测甲氨蝶呤方法的探讨

目的 :建立毛细管区带电泳分离甲氨蝶呤的方法。方法 :甲氨蝶呤标准品溶解后直接进样电泳分离。电泳分离条件 :未涂层石英毛细管 5 0cm× 5 0 μm ;运行缓冲液为 5 0mmol/L磷酸盐溶液 (pH3 0 0 ) ;操作电压 2 5kV ;压力进样 0 5psi,5s ;柱上紫外 2 14nm检测。结果 :甲氨蝶呤在 2 0min内获得理想的电泳分离。浓度在 0 99～ 99 0 0 μg/ml范围内线形关系良好(r =0 9999,n =5 ) ,回收率为 96 80 % ,日内及日间精密度 (RSD)均小于 6 %。结论 :毛细管区带电泳法分离甲氨蝶呤 ,方法准确可靠 ,操作简便易行。     

毛细管区带电泳同时分离维拉帕米和去甲维拉帕米对映体

目的 :建立同时分离维拉帕米 ( VPM )和去甲维拉帕米 ( NVPM )对映体的高效毛细管电泳方法。　 方法 :采用毛细管区带电泳模式 ,以三甲基 -﹀-环糊精 ( TM-﹀- CD )为手性选择剂 ,考察了毛细管柱、进样方式、运行电压、缓冲液 p H值、溶剂等因素对峰迁移、分辨率、灵敏度的影响 ,选择优化的电泳条件用于标准溶液的分离和测定。　 结果 :用 p H为 2 .5,含 60 mmol/ LTM-﹀- CD的 60 mmol/ L磷酸盐缓冲液为手性拆分剂 ,在 30 cm× 75︼m ( id)的聚内酰胺涂渍柱(柱温 2 0℃ )上 ,采用 12 k V( 7s)电迁移进样 ,运行电压为 14k V,紫外检测波长 2 0 0 nm,能在 11min内将内标 ( Gallopamil)、R- VPM、S- VPM、R- NVPM和 S- NVPM完全分离 ,并用各对映体与内标的峰面积比为定量指标进行水标溶液的浓度测定 ,定量检测限为 2 5ng/ ml,日间变异小于10 % ,线性关系良好。　 结论 :毛细管区带电泳方法能快速、高效地分离 VPM和 NVPM对映体 ,为 VPM和 NVPM对映体的测定及质量控制提供新的方法 ,为生物体液中 VPM及其代谢物NVPM对映体的测定、为开展 VPM对映体特异性的药代动力学和药效学研究打下基础     

HPCE法测定生黄芩、酒黄芩中黄芩苷含量

目的 :建立中药饮片生黄芩、酒黄芩中黄芩苷含量测定的毛细管电泳法。方法 :毛细管电泳法紫外检测生黄芩和酒黄芩中黄芩苷的含量 ,以 4 0mmol/L硼砂缓冲液 (pH 8.5 )为电泳介质 ,未涂层融硅毛细管 (5 0 μm× 4 7cm) ,有效分离长度 4 0cm ,压力进样 17kPa·s ,2 5kV恒压电泳 ,检测波长为 2 80nm。结果 :黄芩苷的线性范围在 0 .0 5～ 0 .80mg/ml,回归方程Y =2 .1335X - 0 .0 5 77,r=0 .9991,平均回收率 98.96 % ,n =5 ,RSD =1.0 2 %。结论 :本方法快速、简便、结果准确 ,重现性好 ,可用于生黄芩、酒黄芩中黄芩苷的含量测定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.