腮腺尤文肉瘤超声表现1例

患者男,61岁.因左侧腮腺区无痛性肿物2月入院.查体:左耳前下方可见范围约8.0 cm×7.0cm×5.0 cm包块,表面皮肤颜色正常,皮温不高,触之质硬,界限不清,分叶状,无触痛压痛,左侧鼻唇沟变浅.CT平扫提示:左腮腺区肿物,性质待定.MRI提示:左腮腺区占位,考虑为腮腺恶性肿瘤.     

腮腺神经内分泌癌1例

患者女,57岁,面部右侧肿物逐渐增大8个月,伴疼痛10余天。查体:颌面部不对称,右侧腮腺咬肌区见约8 cm×6 cm×5 cm暗红色肿物,质地硬,表面呈结节状,活动度差,无压痛。实验室检查:CA19941.70 U/ml,NSE 114.30 ng/ml。常规超声:右侧腮腺内见7.6 cm×6.0 cm×4.7 cm不均匀低回声区,边界欠清,其内及周边探及血流信号。     

木村病超声影像特征1例

<正>患者男,15岁。因"发现双侧颈部皮下多发无痛性肿物5年,左腮腺区肿块肿胀进行性加重"来院就诊。5年前因上臂硬性肿物行手术治疗,具体不详。体格检查:左侧腮腺区触及一大小约4 cm×3 cm肿块,质韧,无触痛,边界欠清;另双侧腮腺区、双侧颌下区及耳下触及数枚肿大淋巴结,质韧,可活动,无触压痛,全身余部位淋巴结未触及明显肿大。超声检查:双侧腮腺区及双颈部Ⅱ、Ⅲ区可见多发实性低回声团,较大约3.5 cm×1.4 cm,形态规则,呈椭圆形,边界尚清晰,内回声不均匀,内见小片状无回声;CDFI于其内可探及丰富血流信号(图1,2)。超声提示:双侧腮腺区及双颈部多发异常肿大淋巴结。MRI检     

腮腺恶性淋巴瘤超声表现类似慢性腮腺炎1例

患者女,58岁.20 d前偶然发现左耳下杏样大小肿块,轻微压痛感,经抗生素治疗10d无明显效果,来我院.专科检查,左腮腺区触及5 cm×8 cm肿块,界限不清,活动差,质中等,压痛,与皮肤无粘连.超声显示:左腮腺体积明显增大,与周围组织分界不清,腺体回声分布不均匀,其内可见弥漫性分布低回声病灶,最大低回声灶约1.12 cm×0.51 cm,见图1.腮腺边缘见数枚类圆形低回声团块,最大约1.45 cm×0.52 cm,左侧颈深见数枚低回声团块,最大约3.56 cm×1.91 cm,境界清,内部回声不均匀,呈网格状,后方回声无变化,颈部软,见图2.右侧腮腺未见明显异常.手术切除部分左腮腺区肿块.病理诊断:(左腮腺)结合免疫组化标记考虑恶性淋巴瘤,倾向为T细胞淋巴瘤.免疫标记:CD3+++,CD20散+,ki67＞80％.     

左侧腮腺内Warthin瘤超声表现1例

正患者男,66岁,1年前发现左侧耳前一蚕豆大小肿物,无疼痛、麻木等不适,未予任何治疗,现自觉肿块缓慢增大,约鸽蛋大小,遂来我院就诊。体格检查:左侧耳前可触及一大小约3.0 cm×2.0 cm×2.0 cm肿块,边界清,活动度尚可,门诊拟以"左腮腺肿块"收住入院。超声检查:双侧腮腺内均见多个低回声,中央呈高回声,右侧最大者约1.3 cm×0.6 cm,左侧最大者约1.5 cm×0.9 cm。     

原发性乳腺结核超声表现1例

<正>患者女,36岁,发现右乳肿物4个月。体格检查:左乳外上象限可触及大小约7 cm×5 cm肿物,质硬,边界欠清,轻度压痛。左侧腋窝可触及直径约0.8 cm肿大淋巴结,质韧,边界清,无明显压痛。行乳腺肿物麦默通微创旋切治疗,病理检查提示:左乳肉芽肿性炎,结核?术后两周左乳原术区逐渐再次出现肿块,逐渐增大。超声检查:左乳外上探及4.5 cm×3.3 cm的混合性回声     

CT诊断腮腺基底细胞腺瘤1例

患者男,56岁,发现左侧腮腺区无痛性肿块2个月。查体:面神经功能无异常。左侧腮腺区轻度隆起,可扪及直径约2cm肿物,无明显压痛。彩超:左侧腮腺内见约1.4cm×2.7cm囊实性肿物,边界清晰,其后缘可见星点状血流信号。CT:平扫示左侧腮腺肿大,密度略不均匀,腮腺深叶界限不清的囊实性病灶(图1A);增强扫描动脉期病灶实质部分无明显强化,囊壁呈环形轻度不均匀强化(图1B);静脉期病灶实质部分轻度强化,     

乳腺猫抓病的超声、病理表现:附二例报道

例1患者女,33岁,发现左乳肿物增大伴有红肿热痛2个月余,曾行切开引流效果不佳.患者否认宠物接触史.查体:左乳内上象限及乳晕深部可扪及8.0 cm×5.0 cm肿物,质硬,边界不清,活动度差,压痛(+),左腋窝可扪及数个质硬淋巴结,直径约1.5 cm.超声检查示:左乳乳头内侧腺体回声紊乱不均,可见片状低回声区,范围约2.2 cm×2.0 cm,形态不规则,边界不清,内部未见明显液性无回声区,左腋下可见数个淋巴结,较大者1.7 cm×1.0 cm,皮髓质分界清,皮质增厚.     

先天性鳃裂囊肿超声表现一例

患者男,67岁,发现左颈部无痛性肿物1个月余就诊.查体:左颈部外侧可触及约4 cm×4 cm大小的条索状肿物,质韧、活动度差、无触痛、边界欠清,颈部未触及肿大淋巴结.超声检查:左侧腮腺正常,其下方可探及异常回声团,大小约5.1 cm×3.0 cm,边界清晰,轮廓规整,壁厚0.7 mm,且较完整.异常回声团前1/3为厚约0.7 cm的点状中等回声带,余为流动性的细密点状中等稍低声(图1).     

超声诊断头颈部多发真性动脉瘤1例

患者女,46岁.无意中发现右腮腺区肿物半个月入院,无发热,既往无外伤史.查体:右侧腮腺区可触及一2.0 cm×1.8cm肿物,质软,边界清,有搏动感.超声检查:右侧腮腺内颈外动脉侧壁可见1.6 cm×1.5 cm 囊状膨出的无回声区,与颈外动脉分支相通,彩色多普勒超声示内部充满涡流信号,脉冲多普勒测及动脉样血流频谱,峰值流速77 cm/s,阻力指数0.71(图1).     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.