血栓抽吸导管联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的疗效观察

目的 观察替罗非班联合血栓抽吸对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的冠脉血流灌注及心功能的影响.方法 选取2014年6月-2015年6月就诊的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者120例,随机分为血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班组(观察组)60例及单纯行经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗组(对照组)60例,观察联合治疗对心肌梗死患者心肌血流灌注及预后的影响.结果 观察组在术后心电图2 h STR>50%比例优于对照组,术后1个月心功能恢复优于对照组,术后6个月不良心血管事件发生低于对照组,组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 替罗非班联合血栓抽吸导管治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死可明显改善心肌血流灌注,并且有利于恢复心功能,改善预后.     

替罗非班给药时机对急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗临床效果影响

目的 探讨替罗非班给药时机对急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)临床效果的影响.方法 选取某医院自2015年9月至2018年8月收治的74例急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者为研究对象,所有患者均行PCI.根据替罗非班给药时机不同,将患者分入术前用药组(PCI前6 h内给药)和术后用药组(PCI后即刻给...     

联合应用溶栓治疗和血栓抽吸对ST段抬高型AMI患者急诊PCI后无复流的影响

目的评价联合应用溶栓治疗和血栓抽吸对ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后无复流的影响。方法纳入2007-2010年在发病24h内成功进行急诊PCI的534例ST段抬高型AMI患者,分为4组:A组(n=260),未应用溶栓治疗和血栓抽吸;B组(n=96),进行溶栓治疗;C组(n=143),进行血栓抽吸;D组(n=35),联合应用溶栓治疗和血栓抽吸。收集所有患者的临床、冠状动脉造影和PCI相关资料以评价联合应用溶栓治疗和血栓抽吸对无复流的影响。结果在534例患者中,发生无复流138例(25.8%),A、B、C、D组无复流发生率分别为32.7%(85/260)、20.8%(20/96)、21.7%(31/143)和5.7%(2/35),各组间比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。结论联合应用溶栓治疗和血栓抽吸可显著降低ST段抬高型AMI患者急诊PCI术后无复流发生率。     

比伐卢定联合冠脉内注射替罗非班预防急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接冠状动脉介入治疗患者冠脉无复流有效性研究

目的探讨在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)接受直接冠状动脉介入治疗(PPCI)的患者中,应用静脉标准剂量比伐卢定的情况下,给予冠脉内注射替罗非班,对预防术中冠脉无复流的有效性。方法选取2017年3—8月在北部战区总医院心血管内科住院的急性STEMI接受PPCI的82例患者为研究对象,并采用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组(n=42)与常规组(n=40)。全部患者均给予标准剂量比伐卢定进行术中抗凝。在梗死相关动脉恢复至心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)分级≥2级血流的情况下,观察组患者经指引导管、血栓抽吸导管或冠脉微导管一次性冠脉内注射替罗非班500μg,常规组患者经指引导管、血栓抽吸导管或冠脉微导管一次性冠脉内注射生理盐水10 ml。观察支架植入完成后即刻冠脉血流情况,包括TIMI血流及校正的TIMI血流帧数(CTFC)。结果观察组患者支架植入完成后靶血管即刻出现的无复流(TIMI血流≤2级或CTFC≥40)的发生率明显低于常规组(P<0.05)。结论急性STEMI接受PPCI患者中,在静脉应用比伐卢定进行全身抗凝的情况下,给予预防性冠脉内注射替罗非班对梗死相关动脉支架植入术后发生无复流具有较好的预防作用。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术中应用血栓抽吸联合替罗非班治疗对炎性反应因子的影响

 目的 探讨急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术中应用血栓抽吸联合替罗非班的临床疗效及对炎性反应因子表达水平的影响。方法 选取2015-04至2017-03收治的220例急性心肌梗死患者,按随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组110例。对照组采用PCI治疗联合血栓抽吸。研究组PCI治疗联合血栓抽吸并在术前静脉滴注替罗非班。观察两组术后即刻冠状动脉血流情况(TIMI)变化。检测两组术前和术后24 h的CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、cTnI、BNP水平。观察两组术后即刻心电图ST段回落≥50%发生率、术后LVEF、出院时Killip分级。结果 术后即刻研究组TIMI血流分级明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后24 h研究组CRP[(10.17±1.39)mg/L]、IL-6[(21.85±2.97)mg/L]、TNF-α[(41.35±4.70)ng/L]明显低于对照组的[(11.64±1.73)mg/L、(25.01±3.27)mg/L、(37.96±3.81)ng/L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后24 h研究组cTnI、BNP均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);研究组患者出院时心电图ST段回落≥50%发生率(65.45%)、LVEF(56.39±5.13)、Killip分级均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 替罗非班能进一步降低急诊血栓抽吸PCI患者炎性反应因子的分泌,减轻心肌细胞损伤,改善血流灌注状态。     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死PCI术后替罗非班应用时间对住院期间预后的影响

目的评价急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介人治疗(PCI)术后应用替罗非班时间对住院期间预后的影响。方法从2006年1月-2006年12月,50例急性STEMI患者入院后均即刻接受替罗非班治疗,直接PCI治疗后即刻随机分为两组:短时间组(STG 29例,PCI术后替罗非班继续使用24～36h)和长时间组(LTG 21例,PCI术后替罗非班继续使用48～72h)。记录两组基础临床资料、造影资料、出血事件、住院期间主要心血管事件以及出院前心超评估的左心室射血分数。结果两组间的基础临床状况、造影资料、出血事件发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);但LTG组的住院期间心绞痛次数较STG组明显减少[(1.26±0.72)次/d比(1.75±0.88)次/d,P=0.040],且左心室射血分数明显好于STG组[(57.2±8.61%比(52.0±8.5)%;P=0.037]。结论急性STEMI患者急症PCI术后较长时间应用国产替罗非班是安全的,并可减少住院期间心绞痛发作次数以及改善左室射血分数。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死溶栓后早期PCI与直接PCI的疗效比较

目的 比较急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死溶栓后早期PCI与直接PCI的临床效果。方法 纳入2018年-2021年医院胸痛中心接诊的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死行再灌注治疗的患者224例进行回顾性分析,溶栓后早期PCI组90例,发病12 h内接受溶栓治疗,溶栓后24 h内在本中心行PCI 87例,转上级医院行PCI 3例。直接PCI组134例,发病24 h内在本中心行直接PCI治疗。比较两组PCI术前血流再通率、术中慢血流和无复流发生率、血栓抽吸率、延迟支架率、院内不良事件发生率及PCI术后LVEF、NT-proBNP水平。结果 溶栓后早期PCI组较直接PCI组导丝通过前TIMI3级血流率更高(P<0.01),PCI术中慢血流/无复流发生率更低(P<0.01),术中需要血栓抽吸(P<0.05)和延迟支架情况更少(P<0.01),反映近期心功能的客观指标更好(P<0.05);两组急性心功能不全、恶性心律失常以及院内死亡发生率直接PCI组略高于溶栓后早期PCI组,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),溶栓后早期PCI组非致命性出血发生率要高于直接PCI组(P<...     

维拉帕米联合替罗非班对PCI术中无复流疗效观察

目的探讨冠状动脉内注射维拉帕米和（或）替罗非班对急性冠状动脉综合征（acute coronary syndrome,ACS）患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗时无复流现象的影响。方法选择我院2009年12月～2011年4月在实施冠状动脉内介入治疗时出现靶血管的无复流现象的ACS患者,常规给予硝酸甘油冠脉内注射血流无明显改善共49例,按就诊顺序分为替罗非班组和维拉帕米联合替罗非班组,观察两组PCI术后TIMI血流情况。结果两组患者用药后TIMI血流均明显改善,维拉帕米联合替罗非班组比替罗非班组改善更为显著（P〈0.05）。结论无复流现象与靶血管远端的冠状动脉内微血栓及痉挛有关,冠状动脉内联合注射GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体阻断药替罗非班与钙拮抗剂维拉帕米较单独注射替罗非班疗效更确切,可明显改善术后相关动脉无复流现象。     

替罗非班联合乌拉地尔预防急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死再灌注后无复流的研究

目的在常规抗凝、抗血小板基础上,观察急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术前联合应用国产血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班和α1受体阻滞剂乌拉地尔预防急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)术中无复流的疗效。方法将符合STEMI入选标准的患者200例,随机分为试验组(联合应用替罗非班和乌拉地尔,n=100例)和对照组(仅用替罗非班,n=100例)。术前均常规给负荷量阿司匹林300 mg、氯吡格雷600 mg,试验组、对照组均于术前应用替罗非班[10μg/kg在3 min内推注,然后0.15μg/(kg.min)由微量泵持续泵入36～48 h],试验组在靶血管(IRA)PTCA导丝通过后,于冠脉内推注12.5～37.5 mg乌拉地尔,此后接受PCI治疗。结果两组术后即刻TIMI 3级血流无差异,但试验组TMP 3级明显增高(P<0.05),1周及1个月内两组射血分数相似,对照组有2例术后3 d及23 d发生再梗死,30 d主要不良心脏事件较试验组高。结论国产替罗非班联合乌拉地尔在STEMI急诊PCI术前应用能够进一步改善心肌的灌注,减少无复流的发生,安全性好。     

冠状动脉内尿激酶联合替罗非班治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效分析

目的 观察在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)中,冠状动脉(冠脉)内应用尿激酶联合替罗非班治疗富含血栓病变的安全性和疗效.方法 回顾性分析85例行急诊PCI术AMI患者住院和随访资料,7例患者造影发现其梗死相关动脉(IRA)内血栓负荷明显,对这部分患者冠脉内联合应用尿激酶和替罗非班,术后观察患者TIMI血流分级和心肌灌注,住院期间药物不良反应,住院期间以及随访期主要不良心血管事件(MACE)和心脏彩色多普勒超声.结果 用药后患者冠脉内血栓负荷明显减轻甚至消失,前向血流恢复至TIMI 2～3级,支架植入后未发生"无复流"或"慢血流"现象,住院期间无MACE事件、严重出血事件发生,3～9个月随访亦未发生MACE事件,患者心脏彩超提示左室功能良好,取得了较好的临床疗效.结论 对于富含血栓病变的AMI患者,在急诊PCI中冠脉内联合应用尿激酶和替罗非班安全有效.     

Assessment of myocardial viability after myocardial infarction

Conclusions  The data presented above suggest that assessment of myocardial viability after MI, particularly in those patients with severe LV dysfunction, is important for the identification of those with the highest risk, in whom revascularization can be of clinical benefit. There is growing and consistent evidence that patients with relatively large areas of dysfunctional but viable myocardium after MI have improved function, symptoms, and survival with prompt revascularization compared with medical therapy alone. Most importantly, long-term survival with revascularization in these patients is comparable with that achieved with cardiac transplantation. There are several methods available to the clinician with which to investigate the presence of tissue viability, and the evidence suggests that the scintigraphic approaches are the most sensitive. These observations suggest that noninvasive investigation of the amount of ischemic myocardium should be an important component of the diagnostic evaluation of patients with severe LV dysfunction after MI. This approach will likely enhance the often difficult process of selecting patients with poor cardiac function in whom revascularization will likely improve both the quality and quantity of life.     

Nitrate-augmented myocardial imaging for assessment of myocardial viability

²⁰¹Tl myocardial perfusion imaging is presently done by several possible strategies. Stress/delayed redistribution, stress/redistribution/reinjection, and rest/redistribution imaging can be useful in the clinical assessment of myocardial viability. Unfortunately, the extent of myocardial viability may still be underestimated even by ²⁰¹Tl reinjection imaging, compared with ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. ^99mTc-labeled sestamibi imaging provides results similar to those of ²⁰¹Tl imaging in the detection of coronary artery disease, but several previous studies suggest that stress/rest ^99mTc-labeled sestamibi imaging significantly underestimates myocardial viability. Recently it has been reported that the administration of nitrates, before ²⁰¹Tl reinjection, improves detection of defect reversibility. Several studies also suggested that administration of nitrates before the injection of ^99mTc-labeled sestamibi significantly improved detection of reversibility with this agent, whereas additional studies showed further that this combination improves the predictive accuracy for recovery of left ventricular function and perfusion after coronary revascularization, compared with a standard rest ^99mTc-labeled sestamibi study. Nitrate administration before the injection of ²⁰¹Tl and ^99mTc-labeled sestamibi may thus be a potentially attractive alternative for the evaluation of myocardial viability. Although the available results are encouraging, further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical value of ²⁰¹Tl and ^99mTc-labeled sestamibi imaging, in combination with nitrates, for predicting recovery of left ventricular dysfunction.     

Acute myocardial infarction during adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging

Journal of Nuclear Cardiology -     

急性心肌梗死心肌血流再灌注评价技术

TIMIFlow作为评价再灌注的方法自20世纪80年代起就一直应用于临床。TIMIFrameCount是较TIMI血流分级更为客观、更具可重复性的联系性变量指标。TMBG和TMP从心肌微血管水平对再灌注进行评价。冠脉内多普勒血流频谱变化常作为造影过程中的附加检查指标评价血管再通及心肌再灌注。同时心肌声学造影、连续心电图ST段监测、核素心肌灌注显像和心肌增强磁共振成像作为无创性的评价方法也显示出其应用价值。     

Assessment of regional myocardial function by ECG-gated myocardial SPECT]

PURPOSES: Regional myocardial functional parameters were assessed by ECG-gated myocardial SPECT analysis in normal subjects and ischemic heart diseases. METHODS: Normal subjects (13 male and 10 female) and 51 patients with chronic ischemic heart disease underwent ECG-gated myocardial SPECT. A dose of 740 MBq of 99mTc-MIBI was injected at rest, and gated SPECT was performed 60 min later. Wall motion (WM) and systolic wall thickening (WT), % tracer uptake were evaluated by quantitative gated SPECT program (QGS). Regional parameters were obtained in the 16 segments based on the functional polar map. In the normal group, standard values were evaluated in the lateral, septal, anterior and inferior regions both in male and female subjects. In the ischemic heart disease group, sensitivity and specificity of these parameters were assessed in each segment. To estimate the ability of WM and WT in detecting regional dysfunction, decreased perfusion area, which was defined as < mean - 2SD by the normal profile, was used as a standard. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) area analysis was also performed. RESULT: In the normal profile, % tracer uptake was decreased in the anterior segments of female group, no significant difference was observed between male and female in WM and WT. WM was decreased in the septum and increased in the lateral segment. WT didn't show any difference regional difference. Sensitivity and specificity of WM were 56%/91% in the anterior, 0%/100% in the septum, 43%/87% in the inferior, 31%/85% in the lateral. WT were 67%/93% in the septum, 67%/79% in the inferior, and 59%/81% in the septum. The area under ROC curve was WM 0.63, WT 0.85 (p < 0.005 between WM and WT) in the septum, in inferior WM 0.77, WT 0.80 (p = 0.57), in anterior WM 0.86, WT 0.87 (p = 0.095), in lateral WM 0.68, WT 0.78 (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION: In normal profile, the % tracer uptake in the anterior wall decreased in females, but WM and WT did not show significant difference in each region affected this influence. The septal WM was decreased in the normal profile and ability to diagnose regional function was also decreased compared with WT. Thus, we can conclude that WT is preferable for detecting septal functional abnormality.     

急性心肌梗死再灌注治疗前后心肌血流和代谢的变化及临床意义

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死患者行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)和支架术后心肌血流、脂肪酸代谢及糖代谢的变化及其临床意义。方法　 2 2例急性心肌梗死患者 ,于发病后 4周行延迟PTCA ,术前 (急性期 )及术后 (慢性期 )分别行2 0 1 Tl、1 2 3I β 甲基碘苯脂十五烷酸 (BMIPP)SPECT显像及1 8F 脱氧葡萄糖 (FDG)PET心肌显像。将左心室分成 13个节段 ,采用 4级评分法对2 0 1 Tl、1 2 3I BMIPP显像放射性分布进行视觉评价 ,两者得分差为2 0 1 Tl BMIPP不匹配。在血流减低部位 ,定量测定1 8F FDG摄取。慢性期复查冠状动脉造影。结果　急性期心肌血流 脂肪酸代谢不匹配的节段 ,1 8F FDG摄取率明显高于匹配节段 [(76 .5± 10 .6 ) %和 (4 5 .8± 8.6 ) % ,P <0 .0 1],慢性期两者无明显差异。冠状动脉非再狭窄患者其慢性期2 0 1 Tl BMIPP不匹配 (0 .2 5± 0 .4 2 )及1 8F FDG摄取率 [(5 2 .1± 8.1) % ]较急性期 [0 .36± 0 .5 1和 (72 .8± 9.8) % ]明显降低 (P均 <0 .0 1) ;冠状动脉再狭窄患者其慢性期与急性期比较 ,2 0 1 Tl BMIPP不匹配及1 8F FDG摄取率无明显变化。结论　观察急性心肌梗死PTCA前后心肌血流 脂肪酸代谢及糖代谢的变化 ,可间接预测PTCA后再狭窄。