脐血IGF和瘦素水平与胎儿宫内生长发育关系研究

目的探讨脐血胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)和瘦素水平与胎儿宫内生长发育的关系。方法采用放射免疫法检测80例足月新生儿脐血IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-Ⅱ和瘦素水平,根据胎龄和新生儿出生体重曲线,将新生儿分为大于胎龄儿(SGA),适于胎龄儿(AGA)和小于胎龄儿(LGA)3组,采用新生儿出生时体重、身长和Rohrer’s指数估测胎儿宫内生长发育状态。结果LGA组脐血IGF-Ⅰ和瘦素水平明显高于AGA组(12.03±1.22vs7.11±1.00,70.21±3.23vs43.48±0.96,4.03±1.12vs3.19±0.92),SGA组脐血IGF-Ⅰ和瘦素水平明显低于AGA组(2.66±1.03vs7.11±1.00,22.13±5.98vs43.48±0.96,2.34±3.63vs3.19±0.92);脐血瘦素水平与胎儿出生体重、身长和Rohrer’s指数呈显著正相关,LGA和AGA组脐血IGF-Ⅰ水平与胎儿出生体重、身长和Rohrer’s指数呈显著正相关。结论脐血IGF-Ⅰ和瘦素胎儿的体重、身长和Rohrer’s指数存在相关性,提示IGF-Ⅰ和瘦素在胎儿宫内生长发育中起重要作用。     

瘦素促胎儿生长作用及其与胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子1关系的探讨

目的:探讨瘦素促胎儿生长作用及其与胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)的关系.方法:采用放射免疫法检测100例足月新生儿脐血血清瘦素、胰岛素和IGF-1水平,根据新生儿出生体重分为大于胎龄儿(LGA)组19例,适于胎龄儿(AGA)组65例,小于胎龄儿(SGA)组16例.结果:(1)脐血瘦素水平与新生儿出生体重呈正相关关系(r=0.57,P＜0.01),其中LGA组脐血瘦素水平为(13.38±6.75)μg/L,显著高于AGA组(7.40±4.45)μg/L;SGA组(2.79±1.54)μg/L低于AGA组,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);(2)脐血胰岛素和IGF-1水平分别与新生儿出生体重呈显著正相关关系,相关系数(r)分别为0.30和0.35;(3)脐血瘦素和胰岛素水平呈正相关关系(r=0.32,P＜0.01),脐血瘦素与IGF-1水平之间元相关关系(r=018,P＞0.05).结论:脐血瘦素水平与胎儿生长发育状态密切相关,瘦素和胰岛素对胎儿体重有双向调节作用,IGF-1和瘦素具有各自独立的调控胎儿生长发育体系.     

胎儿生长发育与脐血促肾上腺皮质激素及皮质醇的关系

目的:研究促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)?皮质醇(Cor)与胎儿生长发育的相关性?方法:根据出生体重与胎龄的关系将新生儿分为3组:小于胎龄儿(SGA组)30例?大于胎龄儿(LGA组)30例?适于胎龄儿(AGA组)30例,分别测定出生时身长?体重,放射免疫法测定脐血ACTH以及Cor水平?结果:脐血ACTH水平分别为:LGA组(26.46 ± 7.73) ng/ml?AGA组(28.64 ± 7.12)ng/ml?SGA组(29.30 ± 8.33) ng/ml,三组间比较无显著差异(P = 0.336),脐血Cor水平分别为LGA组(7.11 ± 2.70) ng/ml?AGA组(11.84 ± 3.88) ng/ml?SGA组(18.80 ± 5.27) ng/ml,三组间比较:SGA组>AGA组>LGA组,各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.01)?结论:血清Cor与胎儿生长发育相关,对生长发育起调节作用?     

脐血及母血瘦素浓度相关性及其对胎儿生长发育的影响

目的探讨母血清与胎儿脐血瘦素的相关性和瘦素与胎儿生长发育的关系及瘦素的来源。方法采用ELISA方法测定55例母血及胎儿脐动脉、脐静脉血的瘦素浓度。根据新生儿的体重和胎龄的关系分成小于胎龄儿(SGA)、适于胎龄儿(AGA)及大于胎龄儿(LGA)3组,采用Ponderal指数估测新生儿营养状况。组间进行比较。结果55例新生儿的母血、脐动脉血、脐静脉血瘦素水平分别为16.58±8.13 ng/ml、12.05±9.87 ng/ml、13.24±10.58 ng/ml;母血瘦素水平高于脐动脉血,母血与脐动、静脉血瘦素水平无相关性,男、女婴之间瘦素水平无明显差异;不同胎龄组脐动脉、静脉之间瘦素水平差异显著,LGA组显著高于SGA及AGA组,AGA组高于SGA组。脐动脉、静脉血瘦素水平与新生儿体重、胎龄高度相关,母血瘦素与新生儿体重、胎盘重及胎龄不相关,与母亲体重、母亲体重指数高度相关。结论来自胎盘的瘦素参与了胎儿生长发育的调控,脐血瘦素可反映胎儿生长发育的状况。脐静脉血瘦素主要反映胎盘来源的瘦素,脐动脉血瘦素主要反映一部分胎盘来源的Leptin作用于胎儿后胎儿脂肪组织产生的瘦素。母血瘦素对胎儿体重没有直接的调节作用,它仅对自身的脂肪含量及能量代谢进行调节。     

胎儿肱骨头皮下软组织厚度、胎盘重量、新生儿脐血瘦素水平与体重的相关性研究

目的 研究足月胎儿肱骨头皮下软组织厚度(HSTT)、胎盘重量、新生儿脐血瘦素水平与新生儿体重的关系.方法 取51例正常妊娠妇女,根据其新生儿出生体重分为大于胎龄儿(LGA)15例、适于胎龄儿(AGA)26例和小于胎龄儿(SGA)10例.产前行B超测量足月胎儿HSTT;产后采用放射免疫法检测脐血瘦素水平,同时测量胎盘重量、新生儿体重等4项指标.结果 (1)同AGA组相比,LGA组和SGA组的足月胎儿HSTT和脐血瘦素水平均明显增厚(升高)和变薄(降低),除AGA组与SGA组的脐血瘦素水平无统计学差异(P＞0.05)外,余指标3组间两两比较均有统计学差别(P＜0.01).(2)足月胎儿HSTT、胎盘重量、新生儿脐血瘦素水平与新生儿体重4项指标间均呈明显正相关.结论 B超测定足月胎儿HSTT可预测新生儿体重;足月胎儿HSTT、胎盘重量、新生儿脐血瘦素水平与新生儿体重4项指标间均存在明显正相关.     

新生儿脐血瘦素、甘油三酯及胆固醇变化的研究

目的观察新生儿脐血中的瘦素（leptin）、胆固醇（CHO）及甘油三酯（TG）水平，分析这些指标变化与胎儿生长的关系，探讨早期评估IUGR的方法。方法103例新生儿脐血标本分为三组：（1）小于胎龄儿组（SGA）：30例；（2）适于胎龄儿（AGA）组：41例；（3）大于胎龄儿（LGA）组：32例。采用高敏酶免疫分析法测定新生儿脐血中瘦素水平，全自动生化分析仪测定TG、CHO水平。结果（1）脐血瘦素水平AGA、SGA、LGA三组差异有统计学意义（F=17．75．P〈0．01）；SGA组（0．7147±0．5761）ng／ml显著低于AGA组（2．710±0．4329）ng／ml（P〈0．01），而AGA组低于LGA组（5．687±0．3916）ng／ml（P〈0．05）。脐血瘦素水平随胎龄及出生体重增加而增加（r分别=0．332和0．654，P均〈0．01）。（2）脐血TG水平AGA、SGA、LGA三组差异有统计学意义（F=8．85，P〈0．05）；SGA组（0．7141±0．1576）mmol／1显著高于AGA组（0．5027±0．1330）mmoL／l（P〈0．01）及LGA组（0．4907±0．1397）mmool／L（P〈0．01），而AGA组与LGA组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。TG与出生体重呈负相关（r=-0．320，P=0．050），与胎龄无相关性（r=0．129，P〉0．05）。（3）脐血CHO水平AGA、SGA、LGA三组分别为（1．685±0．1121）mmol／L。（1．947±0．2079）mmool／L和（1．661±0．142）mmol，差别无统计学意义（F=1．28，P〉0．05）。脐血CHO水平与出生体重及胎龄无相关性（r分别=0．208和0．133，P均〉0．05）。（4）脐血瘦素与TG呈负相关关系（r=-0．280，P〈0．05），与CHO无相关性（r=-0．117，P〉0．05）。结论结果提示IUGR新生儿血脂代谢异常；脐血瘦素水平降低可作为判断胎儿生长发育迟缓的一项客观实用的指标。     

母血、羊水、脐血中瘦素水平与胎儿生长发育的关系

目的探讨瘦素水平与胎儿宫内生长发育的关系。方法采用放射免疫法测定96例孕妇血清、羊水及新生儿脐血瘦素水平,根据不同出生体重分为小于胎龄儿（SGA）组（n=22）,适于胎龄儿（AGA）组（n=46）及大于胎龄儿（LGA）组（n=28）,对结果进行相关性分析。结果①母血瘦素水平与羊水、胎儿瘦素及胎儿体重均无明显相关性（P〉0．05）：羊水瘦素水平与胎儿体重无相关（P〉0．05）;脐血瘦素水平与胎儿出生体重呈正相关（P〈0．01）;②三组新生儿脐血瘦素水平差异有统计学意义,LGA组高于AGA、SGA组（P均〈0．01）,AGA组高于SGA组（P〈0．01）;③男女婴的脐血瘦素、羊水瘦素、母血瘦素水平差异无统计学意义。结论①脐血瘦素水平与胎儿体重呈正相关,提示其与胎儿的生长发育密切相关,而母血、羊水瘦素水平与胎儿体重无相关,故不能作为监控胎儿宫内发育的指标;②母血、羊水、脐血瘦素水平与胎儿性别无关,提示男女婴瘦素水平无差异。     

新生儿脐血瘦素与出生体重、体脂指数的关系

目的　探讨脐血瘦素与新生儿出生体重、体脂指数以及与孕母体重、体脂指数的关系。方法　采用放射免疫法测定 4 2例新生儿 (男 2 4例 ,女 18例 )脐血瘦素的浓度 ,同时测量新生儿出生体重、身长以及孕母临近分娩时的体重及身高等 ,进行统计学分析。结果　 (1)新生儿脐血瘦素水平 (6 0 6± 3 33) μg/L与出生体重、体脂指数呈正相关 (相关系数r分别为 0 5 0 ,0 5 4,P <0 0 1) ;(2 )LGA、AGA与SGA组间脐血瘦素水平有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(3)新生儿脐血瘦素水平与孕母体重 (75 36± 8 5 8)kg及体脂指数 (2 8 4 1± 3 11)kg/m2无显著性相关。结论　脐血瘦素可作为评价胎儿宫内发育的一项营养指标     

瘦素和胰岛素样生长因子-1与小于胎龄儿生长发育的关系

目的探讨瘦素和胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)与小于胎龄儿(SGA)生长发育的关系。方法选择2011年8月至2013年12月在珠海市人民医院出生的足月新生儿80例,分为SGA组和适于胎龄儿(AGA)组,每组40例。测量新生儿出生体质量、身长、头围。应用放射免疫分析法测定2组新生儿脐血瘦素及IGF-1水平。结果 SGA组新生儿体质量、身长、头围均显著低于AGA组(P<0.05),血清瘦素、IGF-1水平亦显著低于AGA组(P<0.01)。瘦素和IGF-1水平均与出生体质量、身长呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而血清瘦素与IGF-1无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论瘦素和IGF-1在胎儿生长发育中起重要作用,与新生儿的出生体质量和身长有关。     

脐带因素与胎儿的生长发育的关系

目的：探讨脐带血临床指标评价胎儿生长发育情况的临床应用价值。方法选取该院出生的新生儿96例,根据胎龄以及出生体重百分位数的关系将所有新生儿分为小于胎龄儿（SGA）组、适于胎龄儿（AGA）组以及大于胎龄儿（LGA）组,测量新生儿的出生体重、身长、头围、胎盘重量以及体质指数（BMI）,同时采用放射免疫法检测新生儿的脐血瘦素、胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ（IGF-Ⅰ）以及生长激素（GH）,并分析与胎儿生长发育的关系。结果 LGA组新生儿脐带血瘦素、IGF-Ⅰ以及GH水平分别为（1.58±0.08） ng/mL、（4.52±0.98） ng/mL、（35.78±12.49） ng/mL,明显高于AGA组和SGA组新生儿,随着新生儿体重的增加,新生儿的身长、头围、胎盘重量以及BMI也会随着增加.新生儿脐带血瘦素、IGF-Ⅰ以及GH水平与体重、身长、头围、胎盘重量以及BMI均呈正相关。结论瘦素、胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ（IGF-Ⅰ）以及生长激素（GH）在胎儿生长发育过程中发挥着重要的调节作用,作为评价胎儿生长发育状况及营养状态具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.