Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney: a case report and review of the literature.

Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney is unique and rarely reported. The histological and ultrastructural characteristics of this tumor are well described in the pathological literature. However, there are few reports documenting the clinical presentation and long-term prognosis in patients with this unusual malignancy. Collecting duct carcinoma arises from the epithelium of the collecting tubules within the medulla and secondarily invades the renal cortex. The tumor occurs in a younger age group than is typical for renal cell carcinoma and most patients appear to have metastatic disease at presentation. We describe a case of this uncommon tumor and review the literature.     

Anal duct carcinoma: case report and review of the literature

This report details the clinical course of two patients with true anal duct carcinoma. The incidence of this malignancy is low. The tissues of origination are the glands of the anal duct. The features that differentiate this tumor from the usual rectal carcinoma are prominent ductal structures, abundant mucin production with organized mucinous pools, and infiltration into the perirectal soft tissue. The clinical management of anal duct carcinoma remains a surgical challenge. The extent of surgical resection must be radical because of the infiltrative nature of the tumor. This report describes treatment of two patients with anal duct carcinoma. The first patient was a black woman with no previous history of rectal disease. Her operative procedure was an abdominoperineal resection with posterior vaginectomy. Nine months after initial surgery a local recurrence was resected. The second patient was a white man with a previous history of hemorrhoidectomy and anal fissure. He underwent an abdominoperineal resection but had positive dermal skin margins on permanent sections despite wide perirectal soft tissue resection. A secondary resection with confirmed clear margins of the skin was performed 2 weeks postoperatively. One management aspect of anal duct carcinoma that needs emphasis is the need for wide local excision of the perirectal soft tissues.     

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Stensen's duct: a case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Stensen's duct is a rare neoplasm, with only five cases reported in the literature. METHODS: We report another case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of Stensen's duct and review the literature. RESULTS: Stensen's duct neoplasms tend to be symptomatic at an early stage by causing an obstruction of the parotid duct. New imaging techniques such as MR sialography and sialoendoscopy are very helpful in diagnosis and patient management. CONCLUSIONS: Although the rarity of this condition prevents definitive conclusions about the optimal treatment, we propose that Stensen's duct neoplasms should be treated like similar neoplasms occurring in the parotid gland tissue, taking into consideration clinical stage, tumor grade, and surgical margins.     

Primary carcinoma of the cystic duct: a case report and review of the literature

The Authors, after a short introduction concerning the primary carcinoma of the cystic duct and the exact definition according to Farrar's criteria, report a case occurred to their observation, the 35th case of international literature. In particular the importance of some hemato-clinical parameters and instrumental investigation (ERCP, angio-CT) to underlined in order to surgical indication. In the case here reported cholecystectomy uses informed with partial resection of the hepato-choledochus and excision of some periductal and pericholedochus lymph nodes. Finally, the Authors discuss about clinical data and diagnostic and therapeutic trends, on the case of their experience and literature review.     

Regression of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review

The literature provides few examples of regression of documented metastatic renal cell carcinoma. We report a case of cytologically documented pulmonary metastases from a renal cell carcinoma, which resolved following nephrectomy and hormonal therapy. The patient has been followed for 6 years without evidence of recurrence.     

Bellini duct carcinoma of the kidney: a case report

We report a case of Bellini duct carcinoma. A 65-year-old man visited our hospital because of an asymptomatic right renal mass directed by ultrasonography and computed tomography in an other hospital. His urine cytology was negative. The tumor showed a minimal enhancement in computed tomography. Under the preoperative diagnosis of an atypical right renal tumor, laparoscopic right radical nephrectomy was performed. The tumor is 50 mm in diameter and the surface was grayish-white in color. The histopathological diagnosis was low-grade Bellini duct carcinoma. Immunohistostaining revealed positive staining for UA-1 and EMA in the tumor tissue. No evidence of recurrence or metastasis was noted 36 months after surgery without any adjuvant therapy.     

Bellini duct carcinoma of the kidney: a case report

A case of Bellini duct carcinoma is reported. A 70-year-old man visited our hospital because of gross hematuria and left flank pain. Although no abnormality was found on ultrasonography, drip infusion pyecography, computed tomographic scan and cystoscopy. However class IV was suspected based on urinary cytology. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an irregular pattern in the left upper kidney. Ureterscopic biopsy revealed transitional cell carcinoma and class V was suspected on the urinary cytology of the left renal pelvis. Under the preoperative diagnosis of a left renal pelvic tumor, left nephroureterectomy was performed. The histopathological diagnosis with immunohistostaining was Bellini duct carcinoma. No evidence of recurrence or metastasis was noted 9 months after surgery without any adjuvant therapy.     

Bellini duct carcinoma of the kidney: a case report

This is a report of a case of Bellini duct carcinoma of the kidney. A 72-year-old male was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of left renal tumor. The abdominal computed tomographic scan showed hypoattenuating tumor with infiltrative spread into the renal cortex. The renal angiography revealed a hypovascular tumor. Left nephro-ureterectomy was performed because transitional cell carcinoma was suspected in the frozen section. The gross examination revealed an infiltrating white-gray tumor centered in the renal medulla. No hemorrhage was discovered, but partial necrosis was found. Capsular infiltration was not seen. Histologically, tumor cells were mostly scattered and partially showed a papillary and tubular structure. Cells had abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and large irregular nuclei. Immunohistochemical studies revealed positive reactions for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen and ulex europaeus agglutinin. We diagnosed this patient with Bellini duct carcinoma. He died due to drastic progression of metastasis from carcinoma two months postoperatively.     

Low grade collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney. Presentation of one case and literature revision

Collecting duct renal cell carcinoma is an uncommon variant of renal carcinoma. Typically its behaviour is more aggressive than other forms of renal carcinoma and usually it is diagnosed at advanced stages. A 57-year-old man visited our hospital by right lumbar pain. Abdominal CT showed a enhanced mass on the right kidney. A right partial nephrectomy was done. Histological examination of the surgical specimen showed a low grade collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney. This is a new entity, with unknown behaviour but seems to be less aggressive than classical collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney. The clinical, radiological, pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of this tumor are reported, and the literature is reviewed.     

肝内胆管腺瘤一例报告并文献复习

肝内胆管腺瘤在临床上比较罕见,国内文献仅见3例报道.本文报告1例肝内胆管腺瘤,复习文献并对其做初步分析. 临床资料:患者男,51岁.因肺部感染、脑出血后遗症在神经内科住院治疗期间行胸部CT检查时发现左肝顶低密度结节而转入外科治疗.体检:皮肤巩膜无黄染,腹部未发现阳性体征.     

肝内胆管腺瘤一例报告并文献复习

肝内胆管腺瘤在临床上比较罕见,国内文献仅见3例报道.本文报告1例肝内胆管腺瘤,复习文献并对其做初步分析. 临床资料:患者男,51岁.因肺部感染、脑出血后遗症在神经内科住院治疗期间行胸部CT检查时发现左肝顶低密度结节而转入外科治疗.体检:皮肤巩膜无黄染,腹部未发现阳性体征.     

A case report of collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney coexistent with giant adrenal myelolipoma

Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) of the kidney coexistent with giant adrenal myelolipoma is rare. We report a case of 70-year-old female who presented with a history of gross hematuria and back pain. On investigation, she had a mass in the left kidney and left adrenal gland, respectively. The patient underwent left radical nephrectomy with left adrenalectomy. Pathological findings revealed a renal CDC with partial aquamous metaplasia, in addition to an adrenal myelolipoma. Interleukin-2 was administered for 3 months after operation. Neither signs of recurrence nor metastasis has developed after a 4-year follow-up.     

Primary papillary carcinoma of a thyroglossal duct cyst: report of a case and literature review

Thyroglossal duct cysts are the most common anomaly in thyroid development. They are twice as frequent as branchial cleft abnormalities and, in children, are second only to enlarged cervical lymph nodes as the cause of neck mass. Generally, duct cysts are benign, but 1 per cent of cases may be malignant. From the world literature, 114 cases of malignant thyroglossal cysts were available for review. With the addition of our own case, we discuss 115 instances of duct cysts. The different types of neoplasia described included thyroid papillary carcinoma in 81.7 per cent, mixed papillary-follicular carcinoma in 6.9 per cent, squamous cell carcinoma in 5.2 per cent, follicular and adenocarcinoma in 1.7 per cent each, and malignant struma, epidermoid carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma in 0.9 per cent each. Of the 115 cases surveyed, 35 thyroid glands were examined microscopically; of these, four (11.4 per cent) contained malignant foci. Whether these are primary malignancies of the thyroglossal duct cysts or metastases is discussed.     

肾脏神经内分泌癌1例报告并文献复习

目的 通过分析肾脏神经内分泌癌(neuroendocrine carcinoma,NEC)的临床病理特征、免疫表型、治疗方式及预后,提高对该类肿瘤的认识和诊疗水平. 方法 分析我科1例肾脏NEC的临床表现、病理特点及治疗方法并结合文献复习. 结果 患者表现为肉眼血尿伴腰痛.病理:肿瘤细胞中等大小,细胞核呈圆形、卵圆形,染色质为细颗粒状,肿瘤细胞排列呈小梁状、条索状,见菊形团样结构;免疫组化:CK(+)、EMA(+)、CD56(+)、Ki-67(80％)、CgA(-)、Syn(-)、CD99(-)、WT-1(-)、Vimentin(-)、NSE(-). 结论 肾脏NEC十分罕见,且临床表现与肾盂癌较为相似,其诊断主要根据病理学检查和免疫组化结果来做出判断.     

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the common bile duct: case report and review of the literature

A 78-year-old Japanese man with undifferentiated carcinoma of the common bile duct is presented. Upon gross examination, the common bile duct was found to be obstructed by a nodule measuring 10 x 10 mm. Microscopically, the nodule was ill-defined and composed of atypical spindle-shaped and pleomorphic tumor cells. The spindle-shaped cells proliferated in a whirled or interlacing pattern simulating a sarcoma, and the pleomorphic tumor cells had abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and bizarre nuclei. Histochemically, a few tumor cells contained mucosubstances stained with the alcian blue (AB) method in their cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for CAM5.2 and AE1/AE3. The histological diagnosis was undifferentiated carcinoma (spindle cell carcinoma) of the common bile duct. Other than our patient, only four other cases of undifferentiated carcinoma in the extrahepatic bile duct have been reported in the literature.     

The collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney: a cytogenetical study

OBJECTIVES: The Heidelberg classification of renal tumours identifies five histotypes of renal cancer, underlining for two of them (conventional and papillary renal cancers) a strict relation between the morphological aspect and the complement of alterations evidenced by the cytogenetic analysis of the neoplastic karyotype. Due to its low incidence, the collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) has not yet been characterized from a cytogenetic point of view. This study analyses the clinical, morphologic and cytogenetic features of the CDC observed and treated in our department. METHODS: From January 1995 to December 2002, among the 591 patients who underwent surgery for renal cancer, we observed 11 cases of CDC (prevalence 1.9%) treated either by radical (9 cases) or partial nephrectomy (2 cases). During radical nephrectomy a loco-regional lymphadenectomy was always performed. In the 9 cases observed after 1997, a complete cytogenetic analysis of the neoplastic karyotype was carried out. RESULTS: At pathological examination the disease was found to be confined to the renal capsule (TNM 1997 stage 1) in only 3 patients; venous neoplastic trombosis and nodal metastasis were present in 3 and 6 cases respectively; 2 patients showed distant metastases (lung, bone). Two of the patients affected with stage 1 tumours are still alive with no evidence of the disease at 48 and 88 months after surgery, while the third died following the systemic progression of a concomitant bladder carcinoma. One patient with stage 4 tumour (no. 11) is alive, but the follow up time is still limited (2 months). All the other 7 patients are dead after a mean survival time of 16.3 months (range 0-45). As for cytogenetic analysis, 2 CDCs didn't grow in culture and in one case no karyotype alterations were reported. In the remaining 6 cases hypodiploid stemlines and a homogeneous chromosome alteration pattern were observed, with multiple numerical and structural aberrations (mean 11.1, range 7-15) and the continuous involvement of chromosomes 1 and X or Y, both as traslocation and deletion/monosomy. Additional abnormalities of chromosomes 22 and 13 were found to be common but less frequent. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical behaviour of the CDC is aggressive and its prognosis is surely poor; surgical treatment seems to be curative only for organ-confined cancer, accounting for the minority of cases. This neoplasm is cytogenetically characterized by hypodiploid stemlines with common involvement of chromosome 1 and the autosomes.     

Bilateral collecting duct carcinoma presenting with tumour associated nephritis and end-stage renal failure. A case report and review of the literature

We present a 55 year old male who was investigated for painless macroscopic haematuria and had essentially normal radiological and cystoscopic findings. He progressed rapidly and was eventually diagnosed with a Collecting Duct Carcinoma. This case is of interest as it is the first reported case of Collecting Duct Carcinoma occurring bilaterally. It is also the first case to cause end stage renal failure requiring dialysis due to extensive tubular involvement. Finally, it is the first time this malignancy has been found to cause a tumour associated nephritis. We describe the clinical course and present the various histological findings followed by a review of the literature.