高密度脂蛋白胆固醇测定匀相法试剂评价

低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)升高是动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(CVD)的重要危险因素。饮食和药物干预研究结果表明降低LDLC可以减少CVD事件的发生和死亡。因此,在美国国家胆固醇教育计划(NCEP)成人治疗方案第三版(ATPⅢ)和我国成人血脂异常防治指南中,都将降LDLC治疗作为CVD防治的第一目标。所以,CVD危险评估和干预效果评价有赖于LDLC的准确测定。为保证病人危险水平的正确划分,NCEP脂蛋白测定工作组建议LDLC常规分析的总误差不超过....     

外泌体微小RNA与心血管疾病研究的进展

心血管疾病(CVD)是导致患者死亡的主要原因,早期诊断和治疗靶点的缺乏是CVD防治不佳的主要因素.大量研究证实,外泌体微小RNA(miRNA)与冠心病、心房颤动及心衰等多种CVD密切相关,在CVD的诊断和治疗方面具有巨大潜力.本文就外泌体miRNA与CVD的相关研究作一综述,旨在为外泌体miRNA在CVD早期诊断及防治...     

膜联蛋白A1在心血管疾病中的作用

<正>心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease, CVD)具有高发病率、高致残率、高病死率的特点，根据《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2021》显示，我国现有CVD患者约3.3亿，CVD仍为城乡居民首位死因，其疾病负担仍将持续增加^[1]。因此，CVD的临床防治迫切需要新的干预手段或治疗药物。已有大量研究表明，炎症在动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗死等CVD的发生发展中发挥重要作用。因此，调控炎性反应、纠正免疫微环境紊乱可能成为临床中治疗CVD的新方向。     

谷氨酰胺代谢在心血管疾病中的研究进展

<正>心血管疾病(CVD)是影响心脏或血管健康的疾病。据统计,2030年全球65岁以上人口CVD的患病率将持续增加,成为全球非感染性疾病死亡的首要原因^[1]。目前,针对CVD的治疗主要以药物和手术为主,外科手术操作难度大和术后并发症多,探索药物治疗靶点有重要意义。谷氨酰胺作为人体含量最丰富的非必需氨基酸,在细胞衰老和凋亡中起着重要作用,同时调控代谢、免疫保护、氧化应激和炎症水平等病理生理变化,对CVD的防治作用日益成为心血管领域研究的热点。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者吸入长效支气管扩张剂发生心血管事件的风险

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者吸入长效支气管扩张剂单药治疗和联合治疗发生心血管疾病(CVD)的风险性。方法回顾性研究使用长效支气管扩张剂治疗的COPD患者7 705例,每个病人有1年的回顾周期来确定开始使用长效β2受体激动剂(LABA)、长效抗胆碱能药物(LAMA)或者LABA、吸入性糖皮质激素(ICS)联合治疗是否发生CVD。随访观察90 d内急性CVD。基于存在的CVD病人被分为四组。结果 CVD接受心血管药物治疗(组1,4 594例),CVD患者没有接受心血管药物治疗(组2,906例),没有CVD,但接受心血管药物治疗(组3,589例);没有CVD也没有接受药物治疗(组4,1 616例)。4组90 d内住院治疗CVD或者在急诊科接受治疗发生率分别为5. 44%、2. 98%、1. 52%和0. 99%,组1、2、3接受CVD治疗概率分别为3. 50(95%CI,2. 89～4. 24),2. 15(95%CI,1. 71～2. 70)和1. 36(95%CI,1. 01～1. 82)。结论使用支气管扩张剂开始后,心血管事件危险程度最高存在于先前已存在CVD的COPD患者,并且不能通过CVD药物得到改善。患者已存在CVD或者已经使用心血管药物,临床医生使用长效支气管扩张剂时需谨慎。     

女性心血管疾病的现状与展望

心血管疾病(CVD)是威胁女性健康的头号杀手。女性的病理生理学特点、药物代谢以及CVD流行病学、临床表现、疾病诊断和防治策略存在特殊性。该文概述女性CVD特点、诊治现状、存在的问题并进行展望。     

肠道微生物细胞外囊泡对心血管系统影响的研究进展

心血管疾病(CVD)在中国发病率居高不下，动脉粥样硬化是多数心血管疾病的主要病理因素，但其发病机制仍不明确。近年来国内外学者逐步意识到肠道菌群在CVD中发挥不可替代的作用，而肠道微生物分泌的细胞外囊泡(EVs)与自体细胞来源的EVs类似，在细胞间通信、增殖、分化和炎症等过程中起重要作用。目前国内外关于EVs在CVD的研究集中于宿主细胞来源的EVs,然而肠道细菌来源的EVs在炎症反应、脂质摄取和血管功能障碍方面的作用同样不可忽视，同时肠道来源的EVs因其特性或能成为药物载体和治疗靶点，有望通过疫苗接种实现对CVD的防治。现就肠道菌群的EVs对心血管系统的作用进行阐述，以期为CVD的发病机制和治疗价值提供理论依据。     

进一步提高我国慢性肾脏病的防治水平

随着慢性肾脏病(CKD)诊断标准、实验方法、CKD防治方法和CKD中心血管疾病(CVD)防治一系列研究结果的公布,各国肾脏病工作者对CKD的认识有了明显提高[1].然而,我们必须清醒地认识到,对如何理解及使用K/DOQI指南,如何建立规范的实验室指标,如何采用适合国情的CKD防治方法以及CKD中CVD的诊断和治疗等,仍存在一些亟待解决的问题.     

类风湿关节炎治疗药物对心血管病变影响的研究进展

类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种常见的慢性自身免疫性疾病,各个系统都可受累。RA患者患心血管系统疾病(CVD)的风险要明显高于一般人群,其危险因素包括常见的心血管病变危险因素,如肥胖、高血压、糖尿病及吸烟等,同时亦与RA的慢性炎症、抗风湿药物的应用有关。众多研究表明,抗风湿药物的应用可提高疾病缓解率,但有些药物可能会增加CVD的风险,还有一些不改变或者可降低CVD风险。本文主要综述了治疗RA常用药物对CVD风险的影响,以期为临床用药提供参考。     

消退素及其受体在心血管疾病中的作用和研究进展

<正>心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)具有高发病率、高致残率、高病死率特点,严重损害我国居民健康。根据《中国心血管健康与疾病报告2019》,我国约有CVD患者3.30亿,CVD死亡占据城乡居民死亡原因的首位^[1]。因此,为治疗CVD、降低居民健康负担,迫切需要新的干预手段或治疗药物。既往研究结果表明,炎症在CVD的发生发展中扮演着至关重要的角色。     

单核细胞计数/高密度脂蛋白与心血管疾病相关性研究进展

心血管疾病(CVD)是世界范围内死亡和发病率的重要原因,严重威胁着人类健康。据估计,2016年非传染性疾病占所有死亡病例的89%,其中43%为心血管疾病。（数据来源于2018世界卫生统计年鉴）。循环高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平与单核细胞计数对于动脉粥样硬化疾病的发生、进展和严重程度具有重要意义。在最近的研究中,单核细胞计数与HDL水平的比值(MHR)作为一种简单、可计算的炎症标志物,可以提示炎症和氧化应激的程度,是心血管事件的独立预测因子,与多种心血管疾病的发生发展密切相关。本文旨在对MHR与CVD相关性研究的进展进行综述。     

老年2型糖尿病患者合并心脑血管疾病的危险因素分析

目的　探讨老年 2型糖尿病 (diabetesmellitus ,DM)患者心脑血管病变的特点及相关危险因素。方法　通过回顾性分析方法 ,将 2 12例老年 2型DM患者分为心脑血管病变组 (病变组 )和无血管病变组 (无病变组 )各 10 6例。病变组含缺血性心脏病 (ischemicheartdisease ,IHD)患者组 72例和 (或 )脑血管病变 (cerebrovasculardisease,CVD)患者 5 0例。其中 ,两者并存者 16例。对两组间患者的临床数据进行比较及回归分析。结果　病变组的年龄、高血压患病比率、DM病程、尿微量白蛋白排泄率异常比无病变组明显增高 ;各亚组与无病变组的比较也有相似的趋势。回归分析显示 ,年龄、高血压是老年 2型DM患者总的心脑血管病变的独立危险因素 ,同时也分别是IHD和CVD的独立危险因素 ;另外 ,高甘油三酯血症与病变组和IHD分别独立相关 ;吸烟史是IHD的独立危险因素。结论　对于老年2型DM患者 ,除了年龄、高血压外 ,高甘油三酯血症是心脑血管病变的独立危险因子     

γ-谷氨酰转移酶与心血管疾病相关性的研究进展

谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)是谷胱甘肽代谢过程中的关键酶之一,广泛分布于人体各组织器官中,主要参与细胞氧化还原调控、炎性反应等过程。近年来大量的研究证明了血清GGT水平升高与高血压、冠心病、脑卒中、心律失常等心血管疾病(CVD)相关,本文简述了血清GGT水平与CVD相关性,指出血清GGT水平与CVD发生、发展及患者预后密切相关。     

Oxidative stress and vascular disease

Growing evidence indicates that chronic and acute overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under pathophysiologic conditions is integral in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). These ROS can be released from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) oxidase, xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase, mitochondria, or the uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase in vascular cells. ROS mediate various signaling pathways that underlie vascular inflammation in atherogenesis: from the initiation of fatty streak development through lesion progress to ultimate plaque rupture. Various animal models of oxidative stress support the notion that ROS have a causal role in atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. Human investigations also support the oxidative stress hypothesis of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress is the unifying mechanism for many CVD risk factors, which additionally supports its central role in CVD. Despite the demonstrated role of antioxidants in cellular and animal studies, the ineffectiveness of antioxidants in reducing cardiovascular death and morbidity in clinical trials has led many investigators to question the importance of oxidative stress in human atherosclerosis. Others have argued that the prime factor for the mixed outcomes from using antioxidants to prevent CVD may be the lack of specific and sensitive biomarkers by which to assess the oxidative stress phenotypes underlying CVD. A better understanding of the complexity of cellular redox reactions, development of a new class of antioxidants targeted to specific subcellular locales, and the phenotype-genotype linkage analysis for oxidative stress will likely be avenues for future research in this area as we move toward the broader use of pharmacological and regenerative therapies in the treatment and prevention of CVD.     

低氧诱导因子在心血管疾病中的研究进展

低氧诱导因子(HIF)为缺氧敏感性转录因子,是细胞对缺氧反应的主要调节因子,可诱导炎症、脂质代谢、内皮功能障碍、血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖,调控心血管疾病(CVD)的发生发展。该文综述了近年来HIF在CVD中的作用及作用机制的研究进展,讨论HIF对血管构成细胞类型的作用及机制以及与CVD发生发展之间的关系,可为解析CVD的发病机制和发现新的治疗靶点提供参考,旨在为进一步了解HIF在CVD发病机制中的作用及机制提供理论参考,并为设计靶向HIF的新型有效治疗药物提供依据。     

慢性肾脏疾病的最新调脂进展

血脂异常是慢性肾脏疾病的常见并发症,也是导致动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的独立危险因素.慢性肾脏病患者心血管疾病的发病率及病死率明显增加.尽管许多研究证实他汀降脂药物可以明显降低心血管疾病的发病率及死亡率,但是对于慢性肾脏疾病患者的调脂治疗能否降低心血管疾病的发病率及死亡率仍存在争议.现主要针对慢性肾脏疾病患者采取药物调脂治疗,降低心血管事件及保护肾脏的有效性及药物的安全性等问题的最新临床研究现状进行综述.     

内质网应激与心血管疾病的研究进展

内质网(ER)是真核细胞最主要的膜性结构,是细胞内重要生理过程发生的关键细胞器。在多种内外因素的作用下,ER的稳态受到破坏,导致蛋白质加工运输受阻,未折叠蛋白或错误折叠蛋白在ER腔内聚集,形成内质网应激(ERS),并触发未折叠蛋白反应(UPR)。适度的ERS通过UPR信号通路减少蛋白质合成、促进蛋白质降解、增加协助蛋白质折叠的分子伴侣,最终缓解ER压力。但是,如果ERS过强或持续时间过长,超过细胞的自身调节能力时,UPR可启动细胞凋亡,亦可导致疾病。大量研究表明,ERS与多种心血管疾病(CVD)的发生发展密切相关。该综述主要阐述UPR在几种常见CVD中的研究进展和靶向UPR作为CVD的潜在治疗方法。     

Cardiovascular complications in long-term survivors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are emerging late effects after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), leading to considerable morbidity and mortality. These late CVD are in most cases related to enhanced atherosclerosis, promoted by the early appearance after transplantation of cardiovascular risk factors. According to the data obtained from the general population it is very likely that early intervention on these cardiovascular risk factors might defer the appearance of late CVD. This review focuses on the published data of cardiovascular diseases after transplantation, the potential associated risk factors, and the postulated pathophysiological mechanisms. A suggested approach for early identification of patients at risk, optimal surveillance, and screening of the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and the possible early interventions are also discussed here. Long-term survivors should be assessed lifelong after HSCT; all healthcare providers involved in the follow-up of these patients should be aware of premature health threatening of cardiovascular diseases after transplantation.     

Influence of cardiovascular diseases upon the results of the cardiovascular reflex tests in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects

Summary Cardiovascular reflex tests are used to assess cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are known to alter baroreflex mechanisms. Diabetic patients are at a high risk for cardiovascular complications. In order to prove whether cardiovascular diseases reduce the diagnostic value of the cardiovascular reflex tests in diabetic autonomic neuropathy unselected groups of 274 nondiabetic and 103 diabetic patients were studied: E/I, 30/15, and Valsalva ratios, sustained handgrip test and blood pressure response to standing. Both groups were subdivided into young (≤45 years) and older (>45 years) patients and into subjects with and without CVD. In young nondiabetic patients with CVD, E/I and Valsalva ratios were significantly lower than in those without CVD. In young diabetic patients with CVD, only E/I ratios were significantly reduced compared to those without CVD. The tests reflecting sympathetic nerve function did not differ between patients with and without CVD, neither in the nondiabetic nor in the diabetic subjects. In the older nondiabetic and diabetic patients, cardiovascular reflexes were generally impaired, but did not show any difference between subjects with and without CVD. In young diabetic patients suffering from CVD, the diagnostic value of cardiovascular reflex tests is reduced as far as cardiac autonomic neuropathy is concerned. In older patients, the tests are not suitable for the diagnosis of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. More specific methods are required.     

Burden of Cardio- and Cerebro-vascular Diseases and the Conventional Risk Factors in South Asian Population

Similar to most populations, South Asian countries are also witnessing the dramatic transitions in health during the last few decades with the major causes of adverse health shifting from a predominance of nutritional deficiencies and infectious diseases to chronic diseases such as cardio and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). We summarized the available information of the burden of CVD and risk factors in the South Asian populations. The prevalence of conventional cardiovascular has been increasing among all South Asian populations. Extensive urbanization, shift in dietary pattern and sedentary daily life style is contributing towards the worsening of the CVD risk factor scenario. The burdens of the chronic cardiovascular risk factors are much prevalent in the South Asian populations. These are also rising alarmingly which ought to influence the already existed heavy CVD burden. Similar to the rest of the world, management for the conventional cardiovascular risk factors is very important for the prevention of CVD in South Asia.