肘外侧小切口手术治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折

目的探讨采用肘外侧小切口手术治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法对105例儿童肱骨髁上骨折采用肘外侧小切口入路,从肱骨外髁进针,行2枚克氏针交叉固定。结果本组获随访1~3年,骨折于术后4~6个月达到骨性愈合。术后发生肘内翻3例,按照Flynn临床功能评定标准评定肘关节功能:优83例,良14例,可5例,差3例,优良率92.38%。结论应用肘外侧小切口手术治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折,具有手术入路简单、骨折复位良好、固定可靠等优点。     

小切口复位克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨外髁骨折

目的 探讨小切口复位克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨外髁骨折的疗效。方法 采用小切口复位克氏针内固定治疗147例肱骨外髁骨折患儿。记录手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合情况、肘关节活动度。采用Hardacre评分评价肘关节功能。结果 患儿均获得随访，时间6～18个月。手术时间40～70 min,术中出血量10～20 ml。骨折均解剖复位。切口均一期愈合。骨折均愈合，时间4～6周。末次随访时，肘关节屈曲130°～150°、伸展0°～10°,前臂内旋80°～90°、外旋80°～90°;43例肱骨远端外侧有骨突形成，其中JakobⅡ型16例、Ⅲ型27例，均无明显不适，对患肘活动无影响；采用Hardacre评分评价肘关节功能：优143例，良4例。结论 采用小切口复位克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨外髁骨折具有显露好、骨折复位准确、固定可靠、创伤小、并发症少等优点。     

有限切开复位克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨外髁骨折

目的观察小切口有限切开复位克氏针内固定治疗儿童Ⅱ、Ⅲ型肱骨外髁骨折的疗效。方法2014年1月-2016年1月,应用小切口有限切开复位,克氏针内固定治疗儿童Ⅱ、Ⅲ型肱骨外髁骨折12例,均为闭合创伤性肱骨外髁骨折。术后屈肘90°,石膏托外固定3周,6周拔除克氏针。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间16~24个月,均达到骨性愈合,未发生骨筋膜室综合征、缺血性肌挛缩、肘外翻、神经损伤等并发症,肘关节功能恢复良好。Hardacre评分:优11例,良1例。结论急诊早期采用小切口有限切开复位克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨外髁Ⅱ、Ⅲ型骨折,可以减轻患儿骨折后的痛苦,利于早期恢复,是一种较好的治疗方法,其安全性和可靠性有良好的保证。     

切开复位和克氏针内固定治疗儿童不稳定肱骨外髁骨折

目的观察切开复位和克氏针固定在不稳定性儿童肱骨外髁骨折治疗中的效果,并对相关并发症进行分析。方法回顾26例儿童不稳定肱骨外髁骨折的随访结果,包括X线片、肘部提携角、肘关节活动范围等,结合主诉症状、并发症及其处理、骨骺发育异常,末次随访时按照Hardacre标准予以评定和分类。结果 26例获得14~37个月,平均25.8个月随访,骨折均达到骨性愈合,无再发移位。3例出现肘部外侧骨突,未行手术处理。按照Hardacre标准评定:优21例,良5例。结论对于不稳定儿童肱骨外髁骨折,切开复位和克氏针固定是理想的治疗选择,其安全性和可靠性肯定,预后满意。     

带螺纹克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨外髁骨折

目的观察应用带螺纹克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨外髁骨折的治疗效果,对比其他治疗方法,提高对儿童肱骨外髁骨折治疗的认识。方法总结分析本院近年来运用带螺纹克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨外髁骨折15例,男11例,女4例;年龄4～9岁,平均6.3岁,术后随访1年。结果所有病例均在术后4～6周骨性愈合,肘关节功能恢复良好。随访1年未发现有骨折再移位、肘外翻畸形、骨坏死、创伤性关节炎、骨化性肌炎的发生,疗效满意。根据肘部外形、活动功能和并发症分为优、良、差3个等级,其中优12例,良3例,优良率为100%。结论对有移位的儿童肱骨外髁骨折早期手术切开、精确复位、可靠固定,有利于减少各种畸形与并发症的发生。带螺纹克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨外髁骨折,具有复位准确、固定牢靠及并发症少等优点,是目前治疗儿童肱骨外髁骨折较为理想的方法。     

两种克氏针固定方法治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折疗效比较

目的：探讨两种克氏针固定方法治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法：自2004年1月至2006年12月应用克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折117例,按克氏针固定方式分组：两针组45例,男31例,女14例;年龄1～11岁,平均5.6岁;Garland Ⅱ型19例,Ⅲ型26例。三针组72例,男47例,女25例;年龄2～12岁,平均6.8岁;Garland Ⅱ型22例,Ⅲ型50例。术后测量肘关节屈伸范围及提携角,参照Flynn肱骨髁上骨折疗效评定标准及术后并发症情况,分析两种克氏针内固定方式的疗效。结果：所有患儿均获随访,时间2～24个月,平均15.4个月。两针组45例：优27例,良12例,可4例,差2例,41例术后6周均获得骨性愈合,4例术后1周骨折端移位,固定失败,肘内翻畸形2例。三针组72例：优60例,良11例,差1例,所有患儿术后6周均获得骨性愈合,屈伸活动度经功能锻炼后基本恢复正常,肘内翻畸形1例。结论：克氏针固定是一种稳定而可靠的治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折方法,内外髁三针交叉固定较单纯外髁两针固定有更大的优点。     

L形微钛钢板结合克氏针治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折临床研究

目的研究分析L形微钛钢板结合克氏针治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的临床效果。方法应用L形微钛钢板结合克氏针治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折29例。结果 29例获随访8个月~1年,骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间平均9周,关节功能恢复良好,功能评分结果:优21例,良5例,可3例,优良率89.7%。结论儿童肱骨髁上骨折应用L形微钛钢板结合克氏针治疗有利于儿童肘关节早期功能锻炼及活动度恢复,避免内翻畸形,临床疗效满意。     

闭合复位经皮交叉克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折效果观察

目的分析闭合复位经皮交叉克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折的临床效果。方法对27例儿童GartalandⅡ型肱骨髁上骨折实施闭合复位经皮交叉克氏针内固定,回顾性分析患儿的临床资料。结果 27例患儿术后均获骨性愈合,愈合时间4~5.8周。随访6~18个月,依据Flynn肱骨髁上骨折评定分级,优良率达92.59%(25/27)。未发生Volkmann挛缩、尺神经损伤及肘内翻畸形等并发症。结论闭合复位经皮交叉克氏针内固定治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折,创伤小、并发症少、骨折愈合快、功能恢复优良率高。     

肱骨外髁骨折不愈合伴发育不全的手术治疗

目的 评价手术切开复位内固定治疗肱骨外髁骨折不愈合伴发育不全的临床疗效.方法 通过对16例肱骨外髁骨折不愈合伴发育不全采用手术切开复位内固定治疗,并对肘关节功能进行手术前及术后评价.结果 16例获得随访,时问1～5年(平均3年),根据HSS美国特种外科医院临床评分标准:优11例,良3例,一般2例,优良率87.5%.结论 对于肱骨外髁骨折不愈合伴发育不全,手术治疗可获得满意的效果.     

儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折不愈合手术治疗的临床分析

目的 探讨陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折不愈合的原因、治疗及注意事项.方法 对11例陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折不愈合行手术治疗.结果 10例获随访,肘关节功能:优9例,良1例.结论 固定时间短、过早或不正确的活动、医患重视程度轻未及时复查是导致肱骨外髁骨折不愈合的主要原因.对其应选择手术治疗.     

切开内固定治疗儿童肱骨外髁陈旧性骨折

目的探讨传统克氏针与可吸收螺钉治疗儿童肱骨外髁陈旧性骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年9月~2006年9月收治的儿童肱骨外髁陈旧性骨折20例,8例采用克氏针、12例采用可吸收螺钉内固定。结果平均随访1.2(1~1.5)年,疗效评定:优19例(克氏针固定7例,可吸收螺钉固定12例);可1例(克氏针固定)。结论可吸收螺钉治疗儿童肱骨外髁陈旧性骨折效果好,值得推广。     

克氏针张力带治疗儿童陈旧肱骨外髁骨折疗效观察

目的：初步观察克氏针钢丝张力带对儿童肱骨外髁陈旧骨折的疗效。方法：选取1995年1月至2007年1月我院收治的98例儿童陈旧肱骨髁骨折,按Jakob分型,其中JakobII型37例,JakobIII型61例,行切开复位克氏针钢丝张力带内固定术。观察克氏针钢丝张带治疗儿童陈旧性肱骨外髁骨折的治疗效果,分析并发症发生率与分型有无相关。结果：随访3—5年,平均4．2年,术后6．8周骨折临床愈合。根据Hardacre标准判断疗效,II、III型骨折优良率分别为95％（35／37）、85％（52／61）,总优良率为89％（87／98）。并发症发生率为24．5％（24／98）,II型为10．8％（4／37）,III型为32．8％（20／61）,II、III型骨折并发症发生率在统计学上有显著差异（P〈O．05）。结论：切开复位克氏针钢丝张力带内固定能有效重建肘关节外观和功能,对JakobII、JakobIII型骨折治疗均能取得满意效果。III型骨折的并发症发生率明显高于II型骨折。     

Ultrasonography for non-displaced and mini-displaced humeral lateral condyle fractures in children

Objective： To evaluate the value of ultrasonography in non-isplaced and mini-displaced humeral lateral condyle fractures in children.
Methods： Nine children aged 2-9 years with non-displaced or mini-displaced humeral lateral condyle fractures were examined by high-resolution ultrasonography. The fracture line through the joint surface was visualized by ultrasonography in 6 case, in which closed reduction and percutaneous pinning was performed on 3 patients and other 3 patients did not receive the treatment because of patients＇ or their parents＇refusal. In the remaining 3 children, ultra- sonography did not reveal the cartilaginous trochle involvement at the joint surface and conservative treatment was adopted.
Results： The average follow-up period was 8 months. The sonographic findings were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging in one child who received conservative treat-ment and another child who received percutaneous pinning. The elbow function and fracture healing were good in cases received closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. Among the three cases who refused to receive closed reduction and internal fixation, re-displacement occurred in 1 case and delayed union in 1 case. All three cases receiving conservative treatment had good results both in elbow function and fracture healing.
Conclusion： High-resolution ultrasonography enable to reveal non-displaced and mini-displaced humeral lateral condyle fractures as well as to ascertain whether the cartilaginous trochlea humeri was involved. For these cases, arthrography or magnetic resonance imaging is unnecessary.     

Open reduction internal fixation of lateral humeral condyle fractures in children. A series of 105 fractures from a single institution

Lateral humeral condyle fractures account for 17 % of the distal humeral condyle fractures. Displaced and/or rotated fractures require appropriate reduction and stabilisation. There are, however, a number of controversies in the surgical management of these patients. The aim of the present study was to review the results of patients with a displaced lateral humeral condyle fracture treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). We retrospectively reviewed children treated with ORIF of lateral humeral condyle fractures at a single institution over a period of 13 years. All cases were identified through the trauma register. Case notes and radiographs were retrieved. Fracture classification, mode of fixation, time to union, and final outcomes at the latest follow-up were reviewed. One hundred and five lateral condyle fractures were identified in 76 male and 29 female patients. Average age was 6.2 years. Ninety-two were Milch type II and 13 Milch type I. According to the Jacob’s classification, 38 were type II and 67 type III. All fractures were treated with open reduction and fixation with K-wires. Average time to radiological union was 33 days. Follow-up ranged between 2 and 8 years (average 3.2 years). Radiological hypertrophy of the lateral condyle was present in 45 cases (42 %). Three patients developed a pseudo-cubitus varus deformity. Further four patients developed a true cubitus varus. There was one case of superficial infection of the K-wires and one case of delayed union. At the latest follow-up, 96 % of the patients achieved an excellent final result and 4 % a good final result. Our results demonstrate that fracture union and excellent final outcomes can be expected in all patients using our protocol, whereby all patients with a displaced fracture are managed by ORIF with K-wire fixation, with the wires only being removed after there is evidence of radiological union. Compared to recent reports of closed reduction internal fixation, this series demonstrates good results with no complications directly relating to the open reduction technique. Level of evidence Case series, Level IV.     

闭合复位结合经鹰嘴旁克氏针内固定治疗小儿肱骨髁上骨折疗效观察

目的 探讨儿童肱骨髁上骨折闭合复位后,其内侧采用经鹰嘴旁入路穿针内固定方法的临床疗效.方法 对2015年9月-2018年6月收治的20例肱骨髁上骨折患儿均采用闭合复位结合交叉克氏针固定,其中肱骨内侧采用经鹰嘴旁的经皮克氏针内固定方式.评定其内固定治疗术后肘关节活动功能的效果.结果 术后18例患儿获得了6～12个月随访,...     

C臂引导下双入路微创治疗儿童肱骨髁上骨折

目的探讨C臂引导下儿童肱骨髁上骨折行双切口入路微创内固定术的可行性及疗效。方法 10例儿童肱骨髁上骨折患者,取肘外侧髁切口为主内侧髁切口为辅的＂一主一辅＂双切口入路,C臂引导下行肱骨髁上骨折复位交叉克氏针内固定。结果本组均获随访,平均3.5（2-5）个月。术后3 d复查X线显示均达解剖复位。本组无术中神经损伤及切断肱三头肌,无感染及术后内固定松动移位发生。骨折均在12周内达骨性愈合,其中6周愈合4例,8周愈合5例,12周愈合1例,无一例骨化性肌炎。肘关节功能按Cassebaum标准评定疗效,优8例,良2例,优良率100%。恢复良好。结论该切口术式对伸肘结构损伤小,肘关节功能恢复良好,并发症少,效果优良。     

外侧小切口治疗儿童肱骨髁上Gartland Ⅲ型骨折

目的探讨经外侧小切口入路治疗儿童肱骨髁上GartlandⅢ型骨折的疗效。方法手术治疗36例GartlandⅢ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折,采用外侧小切口入路显露,手指伸入骨折前方协助复位后交叉克氏针固定。结果 36例均获得到随访,时间6~24个月。骨折均愈合。参照Flynn标准评定肘关节功能:优30例,良4例,可2例,优良率为94.4%。结论经外侧小切口入路治疗儿童肱骨髁上GartlandⅢ型骨折创伤小,出血少,术后并发症少,疗效满意。     

Posteromedial dislocation of the elbow with lateral condyle fracture in children

Posteromedial dislocation of the elbow in children is an extremely rare injury. The current study describes four boys with posteromedial dislocation of the elbow associated with a displaced fracture of the lateral humeral condyle. The patients ranged in age from 6 to 12 years (average age, 9 years 6 months). Closed reduction of the elbow dislocation and open reduction of the lateral humeral condyle fracture with fixation by Kirschner wires by a lateral approach was done in each patient. This was followed by 4 weeks immobilization wearing a long-arm cast. There were three excellent results and one good result. Healing and return of normal function occurred in all but one patient who had minor loss of full extension. Average duration of followup was 7 years 6 months (range, 3-13 years). Dislocation of the elbow associated with a displaced fracture of the lateral humeral condyle can be treated by closed reduction of the elbow dislocation and open anatomic reduction and fixation of the lateral condyle fracture with good results.     

有限内固定治疗肱骨干投掷骨折

目的评估微创内固定治疗肱骨干投掷骨折的临床疗效。方法 2006年2月至2012年7月,收治76例肱骨干投掷骨折患者,均为男性。年龄17～27岁,平均20.1岁。右侧70例,左侧6例（左利手）。采用小切口微创复位、螺钉结合钢丝捆扎内固定治疗。方法 69例患者均获得6～23个月随访,平均11个月,骨折均获骨性愈合。根据Cassebaum肩肘关节功能评分法进行综合评分,优66例,良3例,优良率100%。结论微创、螺钉结合钢丝捆扎内固定治疗肱骨干投掷骨折,操作简单、创伤小、治疗费用低、功能恢复满意。     

骨片钉内固定治疗儿童肱骨外髁骨折19例

目的探讨儿童肱骨外髁骨折骨片钉内固定的适应症及疗效。方法本院2002年1月～2005年12月收入住院的儿童肱骨外髁骨折19例,先采用麻醉下手法整复,然后对移位>2～3mm的病例行切开复位骨片钉内固定。结果19例儿童肱骨外髁骨折均经切开复位骨片钉内固定,术后随访时间6～24个月,平均16个月,全部骨性愈合,除1例术后6周X线检查发现骨片折断外,未有其它并发症发生,优良率达94.7%。结论骨片钉内固定法对治疗儿童肱骨外髁骨折具有操作简单,固定可靠,骨折愈合率高,对骨骺影响小,值得推广。