miR-143和miR-145在胃间质瘤组织中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨miR-143和miR-145在胃间质瘤发生发展中的作用.方法 采用茎环即时RT-PCR方法检测21例胃间质瘤及其正常胃组织中miR-143和miR-145的表达,分析其与临床病理因素的关系.结果 本组胃间质瘤组织中miR-145表达显著高于正常胃组织(P＜0.01),且核分裂数≥5/50 HPF病例的miR-145表达显著低于核分裂数＜5/50 HPF病例(P=0.02),巨大肿瘤(直径＞10 cm)的miR-145表达显著低于大肿瘤(5～10 cm)病例及小肿瘤(2～5 cm)病例(P=0.048),Fletcher分级高危病例的miR-145表达显著低于中危及低危分级病例(P=0.048),低危组与中、高危组miR-145表达相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.01).胃间质瘤组织中miR-143表达与正常胃组织相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.06). 结论 miR-145在胃间质瘤组织中表达上调,且与肿瘤大小、核分裂象及Fletcher分级等密切相关,提示其在胃间质瘤的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用.     

284例胃间质瘤临床特征及预后分析

目的总结胃间质瘤临床特征及治疗方式,分析影响预后的因素。方法回顾分析2010年8月至2015年12月收治的284例行胃间质瘤手术患者的临床资料,采用电话回访及门诊复查进行随访,随访时间截至2016年9月30日。统计分析使用SPSS17.0软件进行,绘制生存曲线采用Kaplan-Meier法,单因素分析临床病理特征与胃间质瘤患者预后关系采用Log-rank检验,P0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果 284例患者,其中男性132例,女性152例;年龄27~84岁,中位年龄60岁,胃间质瘤直径0.2~20 cm,中位直径4 cm,268例患者行免疫组织化学检测,其中CD117阳性的98.51%(264/268),CD34阳性的97.76%(262/268);改良NIH危险度分级:极低危41例,低危114例,中危58例,高危62例。177例获得随访(随访率62.32%),中位随访时间31.7个月(9.5~71.3个月)。单因素分析结果显示:手术根治性切除、肿瘤直径、改良NIH危险度分级与患者术后预后有关(P0.05)。结论胃间质瘤是常见的腹腔间质瘤,外科治疗是主要措施,手术根治性切除、肿瘤直径和NIH危险度分级是影响胃间质瘤预后的主要因素,药物靶向治疗一定程度改善患者预后。     

原发性胃肠道间质瘤73例的外科治疗

目的 探讨原发性胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的外科治疗方法及预后.方法 回顾性分析1997年4月至2007年12月手术切除治疗的73例原发性GIST的临床病理资料和治疗方法,并对其预后进行评价.结果 73例GIST施行肿瘤完全切除者68例(其中12例在腹腔镜下完成肿瘤切除术),行肿瘤不完全切除仅取活检者5例,两组生存率差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).66例获随访的患者1、3、5年总体生存率分别为91.0%、78.2%、74.1%,根据肿瘤直径和核分裂象计数分级的肿瘤恶性程度风险分级与术后生存率密切相关(P=0.002),极低度及低度风险组与高度风险组间生存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 应高度重视原发性GIST的初次手术治疗,积极行肿瘤完全切除以提高疗效,对肿瘤恶性程度风险较高者需扩大切除范围,应强调腹腔镜下GIST切除术适应证的选择和肿瘤完全切除.     

胃肠道间质瘤预后因素分析

目的 探讨影响胃肠道间质肿瘤(GIST)预后的因素.方法 收集1999年11月至2006年12月于复旦大学附属华山医院住院手术治疗并经病理确诊为GIST的病例85例,回顾性分析性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、手术方式、首诊转移、淋巴结清扫及Flecther分级等因素对患者预后的影响.结果 本组患者的1年、3年、5年生存率分别为94%、60%、57%.单因素分析显示,GIST患者的预后与肿瘤原发部位、手术方式、Fletcher分级(肿瘤大小和核分裂数)以及有无首诊转移有关(P＜0.05),而与性别、年龄及是否行淋巴结清扫无关.多因素分析显示,有无首诊转移是影响预后的独立因素(P=0.020,β=4.226).结论 根治性手术仍然是目前原发GIST的首选治疗,首诊转移是影响预后的独立危险因素,故早期发现、早期诊断、早期手术治疗对GIST的预后显得尤为重要.同时,Fletcher分级也是评估GIST的有效而简便的方法之一.     

胃肠道间质瘤103例预后分析

目的 探讨影响胃肠道间质瘤（GIST）预后的因素。方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2004年5月，复旦大学附属肿瘤医院腹外科收治的103例GIST临床病理及随访资料。进行Flecther恶性潜能分级，用寿命表法绘制总生存曲线，采用Kaplan—Meier法比较不同因素对生存的影响，并用Cox多因素回归分析对该组病例进行预后分析。结果 所有病人的1年、3年、5年存活率分别为86．3％、51．7％、42．8％。生存分析比较肿瘤大小、核分裂象数目、手术性质是否为根治以及肿瘤原发部位差异均具有显著性意义（P〈0．05），而性别、年龄、免疫组化表达情况、是否联合脏器切除差异无显著性意义。结论 用Flecther恶性潜能分级方法来判断间质瘤的生物学行为和预测间质瘤的预后是合理、科学、简单、可行的方法，根治性手术仍是目前原发GIST的首选治疗，靶向治疗将成为治疗间质瘤的重要手段。     

十二指肠间质瘤预后多中心回顾性分析

目的 探讨十二指肠间质瘤手术病人的临床病理学特征、预后及其影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2003年7月至2014年11月山东省23家三级甲等医院十二指肠间质瘤手术病人的临床病理学资料,对所有病例进行病理学复核及随访,对其预后因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果 共收集203例十二指肠间质瘤病例,男101例,女102例。中位年龄55岁。术后1、3、5和10年总体存活率分别为95.0%、88.0%、82.0%和82.0%,术后1、3、5和10年无复发存活率分别为93.0%、87.0%、81.0%和75.0%。高复发风险病人术后服用伊马替尼,其5年总体存活率明显高于未服药者（89% vs. 62%,P＜0.05）。预后因素分析结果显示,肿瘤直径（RR=5.510,95%CI 1.170～5.719,P＜0.05）、核分裂像（RR=6.849,95%CI 1.264～5.124,P＜0.05）和肿瘤是否破裂（RR=7.349,95%CI 1.608～18.196,P＜0.05）是十二指肠间质瘤病人的独立预后因素。结论 肿瘤直径、核分裂像和肿瘤是否破裂是十二指肠间质瘤术后病人预后的独立影响因素;不同手术方式5年总体存活率无明显差异,伊马替尼可改善术后高复发风险病人的预后。     

胃间质瘤患者术前C反应蛋白/白蛋白比值与NIH分级相关性的研究

目的探讨胃间质瘤患者术前C反应蛋白(CRP)/白蛋白(albumin)比值(CAR)与美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)分级的关系。方法回顾性收集2010年2月至2016年11月期间昆明医科大学第一附属医院收治的108例胃间质瘤患者的临床资料,以CAR的中位数为临界值,将患者分为高CAR值组(CAR0.048)和低CAR值组(CAR≤0.048)。观察比较高、低CAR组的一般临床病理学特征及生存状态。结果高CAR组及低CAR组患者的肿瘤直径、核分裂象和NIH分级比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),与低CAR组相比,高CAR组的肿瘤直径更大、核分裂象更高、NIH分级越高。生存分析结果显示:低CAR组患者的预后较高CAR组更好(χ2=15.152,P0.001)。结论 CAR与胃间质瘤的肿瘤直径、核分裂象和NIH分级密切相关,可作为评估胃间质瘤恶性程度的指标,有望在临床上作为NIH危险度分级评估及预后的重要参考因素。     

胃肠间质瘤172例治疗及预后分析

目的 探讨胃肠间质瘤（GIST）的治疗及影响预后的因素。方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2007年12月天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的经手术治疗的172例GIST病人的临床病理资料,并比较不同因素对预后的影响。结果 153例获随访病人1、3、5年存活率分别为 96.0%、82.6%、60.5%。单因素分析显示,肿瘤大小、肿瘤完整切除、核分裂像数目、肿瘤侵犯其他脏器、伴发转移、Fletcher分级和口服甲磺酸伊马替尼,对存活率有影响（P<0.05）;多因素分析显示,伴发转移、Fletcher分级和口服甲磺酸伊马替尼是预后的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 伴发转移是影响预后的独立危险因素,同时Fletcher分级是判断GIST生物学行为及预后简单有效的方法,手术是治疗GIST的主要方法,靶向治疗能进一步改善GIST的预后。     

胃肠道基质细胞瘤临床诊治和预后

目的:探讨胃肠道基质细胞瘤的临床诊断、治疗和预后。 方法:回顾性分析1995—2005年收治的31例胃肠道基质细胞瘤临床和病理资料。结果:根据Fletcher风险分级，极低风险3例，低风险5例，中风险15例，高风险8例。CD117，CD34，desmin，SMA，S-100蛋白阳性表达率分别为93.5%，87.1%，38.7%，35.5%，25.8%，其阳性表达率与肿瘤危险程度无关(χ2=0.35，0.12，0.03，0.05，0.01，均P>0.05)。肿瘤是否浸润黏膜肌层或浆膜层与肿瘤危险程度相关(χ2=4.87，P<0.05)。结论:用Fletcher分级对胃肠道基质瘤分级评价更为科学合理。中、高危险程度者复发率26.0%，明显高于极低和低风险者（P<0.001）。根治性手术是治疗胃肠道基质瘤最佳选择。肿瘤浸润黏膜肌层或浆膜层是危险的重要指标。核分裂相是判断预后的独立预后因素。     

影响胃肠间质瘤根治术患者预后因素的分析：附术后5年97例报告

目的 探讨影响胃肠道间质瘤手术患者预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析有完整临床资料和随访5年以上的97例胃肠道间质瘤根治术后患者.结果 单因素分析结果显示患者性别、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、肿瘤细胞类型、肿瘤有无坏死、核分裂相数目及术后是否使用Gleevec辅助治疗与患者的预后具有相关性.应用COX回归模型分析显示肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、肿瘤细胞类型、肿瘤有无坏死、核分裂相数目,及术后是否使用Gleevec辅助治疗足影响胃肠道间质瘤根治术患者预后的独立因素.结论 肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、肿瘤细胞类型、肿瘤有无坏死、核分裂相数目及Gleevec治疗是影响胃肠道同质瘤根治术患者预后的重要指标.     

Rectal carcinoma. Optimizing therapy by local excision]

The results of local excision and radical surgery in patients with T1-carcinomas of the rectum were compared. In a retrospective study (1.1.1985-1.7.1997) the results obtained in 107 patients with T1-rectal carcinoma ("low risk" T1: n = 83, "high risk" T1: n = 24) undergoing local excision or radical surgical therapy were compared. The complication rate in patients undergoing local excision was 3.3% (2/60) and ranged at 19% (9/47) in the group treated with radical surgery. Two out of 47 patients (4.2%) died after radical resection; there were no deaths after local excision. With regard to the actuarial 5-year survival rate, in the group with "low risk" T1 carcinoma no difference was observed between patients treated with local excision (79%) or radical resection (81%) (p = 0.72). In patients with "high risk" T1 carcinoma lymph node metastases were identified in 4 out of 11 patients undergoing radical resection (36%). 4 out of 13 patients with "high risk" T1 carcinoma treated by local excision developed recurrences, while none of the patients undergoing primary radical surgery had a recurrence. This underlines the necessity of radical surgery in "high risk" T1-carcinomas. Local excision for the treatment of "low risk" T1-carcinoma is associated with a significantly lower complication rate than the performance of a radical surgical therapy. There is no difference in five-year-survival between local and radical surgical therapy in patients with "low risk" T1 carcinoma.     

Neuroendokrine kolorektale Tumoren

The incidence of colorectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is rising in developed countries primarily as a result of increased incidental detection by endoscopy and probably also due to a more adequate diagnosis according to the WHO classification. Less than 1% of colorectal NETs produce serotonin so that such tumors are practically never associated with a hormonal carcinoid syndrome. An exact clinico-pathological staging is of paramount importance for the therapeutic strategy and comprises the classification of the tumor type (well or poorly differentiated) and the assessment of established prognostic risk factors (depth of infiltration, vascular invasion, lymph node and distant metastases). Poorly differentiated colorectal NETs often present in an advanced, metastatic state, where surgical therapy is basically palliative. Well-differentiated tumors larger than 2?cm have a high risk of metastatic spread and should be treated as adenocarcinomas by radical oncological surgical resection. This applies to the majority of colon NETs. Tumors smaller than 1?cm, mainly locacted in the rectum, only rarely metastasize and are usually accessible for endoscopic treatment or transanal local surgery. Tumors between 1 and 2?cm in size have an uncertain prognosis and additional risk factors and co-morbidities of the patient have to be considered for a suitable, multidisciplinary therapeutic decision.     

Surgical strategy for spinal metastases

STUDY DESIGN: A new surgical strategy for treatment of patients with spinal metastases was designed, and 61 patients were treated based on this strategy. OBJECTIVES: To propose a new surgical strategy for the treatment of patients with spinal metastases. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A preoperative score composed of six parameters has been proposed by Tokuhashi et al for the prognostic assessment of patients with metastases to the spine. Their scoring system was designed for deciding between excisional or palliative procedures. Recently, aggressive surgery, such as total en bloc spondylectomy for spinal metastases, has been advocated for selected patients. Surgical strategies should include various treatments ranging from wide or marginal excision to palliative treatment with hospice care. METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with spinal metastases who had been treated from 1987-1991 were reviewed, and prognostic factors were evaluated retrospectively (phase 1). A new scoring system for spinal metastases that was designed based on these data consists of three prognostic factors: 1) grade of malignancy (slow growth, 1 point; moderate growth, 2 points; rapid growth, 4 points), 2) visceral metastases (no metastasis, 0 points; treatable, 2 points: untreatable, 4 points), and 3) bone metastases (solitary or isolated, 1 point; multiple, 2 points). These three factors were added together to give a prognostic score between 2-10. The treatment goal for each patient was set according to this prognostic score. The strategy for each patient was decided along with the treatment goal: a prognostic score of 2-3 points suggested a wide or marginal excision for long-term local control; 4-5 points indicated marginal or intralesional excision for middle-term local control; 6-7 points justified palliative surgery for short-term palliation; and 8-10 points indicated nonoperative supportive care. Sixty-one patients were treated prospectively according to this surgical strategy between 1993-1996 (phase 2). The extent of the spinal metastases was stratified using the surgical classification of spinal tumors, and technically appropriate and feasible surgery was performed, such as en bloc spondylectomy, piecemeal thorough excision, curettage, or palliative surgery. RESULTS: The mean survival time of the 28 patients treated with wide or marginal excision was 38.2 months (26 had successful local control). The mean survival time of the 13 patients treated with intralesional excision was 21.5 months (nine had successful local control). The mean survival time of the 11 patients treated with palliative surgery and stabilization was 10.1 months (eight had successful local control). The mean survival time of the patients with terminal care was 5.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: A new surgical strategy for spinal metastases based on the prognostic scoring system is proposed. This strategy provides appropriate guidelines for treatment in all patients with spinal metastases.     

无转移肢体软组织肉瘤非计划性手术后再次手术的临床相关因素研究

背景:软组织肉瘤是一组包含50余种亚型的恶性肿瘤,手术彻底切除肿瘤是治疗无转移肢体软组织肉瘤的主要手段。如果初次进行了非计划性手术,后期治疗更加困难。目的:评价无转移肢体软组织肉瘤患者接受非计划性手术后再次手术时需要进行软组织修复重建的比例以及患者的预后情况。方法:回顾性分析2016年10月至2019年4月手术治疗的28例无转移肢体软组织肉瘤患者的资料,其中11例接受非计划性手术后再次手术,17例行计划性手术组。记录两组的软组织修复重建率、局部复发率、远处转移率及无瘤生存率等指标。观察终点为术后肿瘤复发、转移或非肿瘤引起的死亡。结果:所有患者均顺利完成手术治疗。非计划性手术后再次手术组软组织重建率为27.3%,高于计划性手术组的11.8%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访时间1~36个月,平均(16.3±9.3)个月。随访期间再次手术组肿瘤局部复发率、远处转移率和无瘤生存率分别为18.2%、9.1%、72.7%,计划性手术组上述指标分别为5.9%、11.8%、82.3%,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素分析结果表明手术方式为患者无瘤生存的独立风险因子(P<0.05)。结论:无转移的肢体软组织肉瘤接受非计划性手术后再次手术,短期内患者的预后不会受到初次手术的影响,但再次手术时需要进行软组织修复重建的可能性会增大。     

Non-small cell lung cancer with ipsilateral pulmonary metastases: prognosis analysis and staging assessment.

OBJECTIVE: Although designated as T4 or M1 in the current TNM classification system revised in 1997, non-small cell lung cancer with ipsilateral pulmonary metastases is treated as a locally advanced disease and reported survival rates are relatively good. We intended to analyze the prognosis of ipsilateral pulmonary metastases and validate current TNM classification system. METHODS: Data of 1213 surgically treated patients with non-small cell lung cancer from January 1990 to December 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. Overall and disease-free survival rates of patients with ipsilateral pulmonary metastases and other T stages were obtained by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log rank test. Prognostic impact of ipsilateral pulmonary metastases on disease-free survival was sought by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Among 49 patients with ipsilateral pulmonary metastases (IPM), 23 patients had metastasis in primary lobe (IPM1) and 26 had metastasis in non-primary lobe (IPM2). Five-year overall and disease-free survival rates of IPM1 and IPM2 were not significantly different (30.3% vs 30.7%, p=0.95, 21.9% vs 23.1%, p=0.78). Prognoses of IPM1 and IPM2 were not significantly different than those of T3 disease (30.1%, 26.6%). Resected T4 disease excluding IPM1 had a tendency to show the worse prognosis (16.2%, 7.5%) without significant difference with IPM1 and IPM2. In the univariate analysis of prognostic factors for disease-free survival, IPM1 and IPM2 were prognostic factors. In the multivariate analysis, IPM2 (1.554, 1.02-2.34, p=0.039) was one of independent negative prognostic factors. However, IPM1 was not an independent prognostic factor (1.31, 0.84-2.04, p=0.23). CONCLUSIONS: Regarding prognosis, prognostic strength, extent of disease and surgical treatment the current TNM classification system may be inappropriate in designation of ipsilateral pulmonary metastases and needs revision. The authors suggest that the IPM1 should be staged as T3 or designated as upstaging co-parameter of T stage as like in 1992 TNM classification and IPM2 can be staged as T4 as like in 1992 TNM classification.     

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目的 探讨原发性腹膜后肿瘤（PRT）的外科治疗经验。方法 分析1970-2000年经手术治疗的99例PRT,观察其手术切除及复发等特点。结果 良性46例,恶性53例。均经组织病理学证实,良性腹膜后肿瘤;完整切除率高（89.13%),很少合并脏器切除（19.56%),术中失血少（术中平均输血1030mL）;而恶性肿瘤的完整切除率低（56.60%),合并脏器切除率高（32.07%),术中失血多（术中平衡输血1520mL）。腹膜后肿瘤复发率14.04,复发完整切除率达64.28%。结论 手术完整切除肿瘤是治疗的主要手段。对复发肿瘤迹应争取再次手术。     

Stage III Thick (>4.0 mm) Lower Extremity Melanoma: Is Timing of Lymph Node Involvement a Prognostic Factor?

Purpose  The prognosis for stage III melanoma patients is mixed, and there is need for new prognostic factors to be incorporated into a revision of melanoma TNM staging. We analyzed the possible role of the timing of lymph node involvement as an important prognostic factor. Methods  Among 249 melanoma patients who underwent ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy, a group of 185 patients with a thick (>4mm) melanoma and full clinical data available was analyzed. The mean depth of invasion was 5.85 mm; the tumor was ulcerated in 67 cases (36.2%); and Clark V was diagnosed in 82 patients (44.3%). The median interval between primary excision and the time of lymphadenectomy was 11.1 months. Results  Recurrent disease was reported in 150 of 185 patients. The first sites of recurrence were the skin in 15.7%, lymph nodes in 13.5%, and distant metastases in 28.7%; the remaining 43 patients (23.2%) had multifocal recurrences. In all, 35 patients (18.9%) were disease-free. Skip metastases (positive iliac and negative inguinal lymph nodes) were found in 26 patients (14%). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that only the time between the first surgery and lymphadenectomy and the number of involved nodes were significant predictors of survival. Relative risk of death was 5.2 times higher for patients who had simultaneously undergone lymphadenectomy (compared to lymph dissection performed >1 year after primary excision) and about 2.7 times higher for those with more regionally advanced disease (pN3 vs. pN1). Conclusions  The long disease-free interval before the development of lymph node metastases and before node dissection is a favorable prognostic factor independent of other well known parameters.     

结直肠癌肝转移合并同时性肺转移患者手术治疗疗效分析

背景与目的：对于结直肠癌肝转移合并可切除肺转移的患者,手术治疗的疗效已经得到广泛认可,但对于合并不可切除的肺转移患者的治疗策略仍需要进一步明确。因此,本研究通过对笔者单位收治的结直肠癌肝转移合并同时性肺转移患者临床资料的回顾性分析,以期为该类患者的治疗提供数据参考。方法：本研究采用回顾性队列研究方法,纳入2008年1月—2020年12月期间在北京大学肿瘤医院肝胆胰外一科行手术治疗的127例结直肠癌肝转移合并同时性肺转移患者的资料,所有患者原发灶及肝转移灶均按肿瘤根治原则行完整切除（R0/R1）,其中31例行肺转移灶的根治性局部治疗（局部治疗组）,96例肺转移灶未行局部治疗（非局部治疗组）,比较两组患者的临床资料、总生存时间（OS）、无复发生存时间（RFS）,并对非局部治疗组的患者进行预后相关因素分析。结果：除局部治疗组肺转移灶直径大于非局部治疗组外（P<0.05）,两组其余一般临床资料均无明显差异（均P>0.05）。全组患者中位随访时间为30 (5～134)个月,失访率3%。全组患者中位OS为41 (4～118)个月,1、3年OS率分别为96.8%和59.7%,其中非局部治...     

The number of metastatic lymph nodes: a promising prognostic determinant for gastric carcinoma in the latest edition of the TNM classification

Background: The number of metastatic regional lymph nodes determines the new pN categories in the 5th edition of the TNM classification.

Study Design: Our retrospective study was conducted to compare the new method of defining lymph node status with the conventional classification, consisting of the anatomic extent of lymph node metastases, a well-established prognostic factor. The study was based on clinical data for 493 patients with gastric carcinomas who underwent potentially curative operations and had histologically confirmed nodal metastases. These patients were stratified into 1) n categories according to the Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma, 2) the new pN categories, and 3) the pN categories determined by the number of metastatic perigastric nodes resected by standard D1 gastrectomy. Survival data were analyzed for each group.

Results: The number of metastatic nodes after D2 lymphadenectomy reflected prognosis well and was shown by multivariate analysis to be a strong independent prognostic factor. When the classification was performed limited to the metastatic perigastric nodes, stage migration was evident, but the variable remained competent as a prognostic indicator.

Conclusions: The number of metastatic nodes is a promising determinant in the new international stage classification.