Colour vision in long-standing diabetes mellitus.

In 12 long-standing insulin-dependent diabetics with background diabetic retinopathy their 100-hue colour vision scores were positively related to the degree of retinopathy and negatively to fasting blood glucose levels. However, the 100-hue colour vision scores and types were not significantly different from those of normal subjects matched for age, sex, and social class.     

唐山地区糖尿病低视力患者的现状调查及相关危险因素研究

目的：调查唐山地区糖尿病低视力患者的发病现状,并对致病的危险因素进行探讨。

方法：采用抽样调查的方式选择2016-01/12唐山地区2 000例糖尿病居民为研究对象,对其进行视力检查,观察统计唐山地区糖尿病低视力的发生率。将糖尿病低视力患者纳入观察组,另取2倍病例数的糖尿病正常视力患者为对照组,采用Logistic 回归分析对两组患者相关病史资料进行调查,分析导致低视力危险因素。

结果：参与视力检查的2 000例糖尿病患者中,共有189例276眼患者视力低下,发生率为6.90%,其中单眼视力低下患者102例102眼(2.55%),双眼视力低下87例174眼(4.35%)。经Logistic多因素回归分析显示,糖尿病患者的年龄、病程、视网膜病变程度是糖尿病患者视力低下的主要危险因素。

结论：唐山地区糖尿病患者并发视力低下的发生率较低,糖尿病患者的年龄、病程、视网膜病变是导致视力低下的主要原因。因此,加强对高龄、病程长、视网膜病变的糖尿病患者的视力检查,进行早期及时有效地防治,可减少对患者视力的损伤。     

The influence of hyperglycaemia upon the colour vision of patients with diabetes mellitus

Time to contact of an approaching object may be specified through monocular optic expansion, e.g. 'tau' (Lee, 1976). On the other hand it has been demonstrated that disturbing binocular information impairs performance in a dynamic interceptive task (Judge and Bradford, 1988).
Three optical devices were employed to explore whether participants ( n = 5) could be trained to utilise different information when estimating time to contact of an approaching ball. A pendulum was used to project a ball at three different velocities. Performance was measured using an IR-based tracking system (Selspot), and an IR eye-tracker (Ober2) was used to monitor vergence. Cyclopean spectacles (which remove disparity information) were used to train participants. Pre- and post-training performance was compared with performance in telestereoscopes (these double binocular disparity at near), and spectacles that control for secondary optical effects by increasing the optical pathlength and reducing the field of view and illumination.
Our results confirm that disrupting binocular information impairs performance but that performance quickly recovers. Reasons for the performance recovery will be discussed in relation to the use of available optical information.     

Does hyperglycaemia have an influence upon colour vision of patients with diabetes mellitus?

It has been suggested that variations found in colour vision upon repeated testing may be due to fluctuations in the plasma glucose level, but the results of studies to date are conflicting Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether a short-term increase in plasma glucose concentration had an influence on colour vision in patients with non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (n = 16). The colour vision and plasma glucose levels were monitored every 30 min for a total period of 4h during three test conditions: two when the plasma glucose levels were increased by the administration of glucose, either orally (n = 8) or intravenously (n = 8), and one when the plasma glucose was relatively stable during fasting conditions (n = 8). The results indicate that the colour vision, as assessed by the Desaturated D15, appears to be unaffected by the short-lived increases in plasma glucose concentrations.     

Hemophthalmos in patients with diabetes mellitus

A total of 110 patients with diabetes mellitus with intraocular hemorrhages were examined using computer densitometry of ultrasonic beta-scanograms of the eyes. Indications for various treatments were determined and the outcomes of hemophthalmia predicted, depending on its topography, intensity, and volume of blood released into the vitreous. Hemorrhages were located mainly in the posterior segments of the vitreous body in diabetics with hemophthalmia. High efficiency and good prospects of using objective methods of computer analysis of beta-scanograms for evaluating the status of the vitreous and extending the diagnostic potentialities of modern ophthalmology are shown.     

糖尿病患者行白内障超声乳化术的临床观察

目的:观察表面麻醉下糖尿病患者行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入的临床效果。方法:临床确诊的糖尿病患者52例63眼,在表面麻醉下经透明角膜隧道切口,行白内障超声乳化及折叠式人工晶状体植入手术。结果:所有患者均能耐受手术,未发生麻醉并发症。术后1wk矫正视力≥0.5者39眼,占62%。术后1mo矫正视力≥0.5者52眼,占82%。手术并发症主要有:角膜水肿、前房纤维素性渗出。结论:表面麻醉下糖尿病患者白内障的超声乳化手术具有并发症少,视力恢复快的特点。     

Low vision in alcohol abuse

Summary The abuse of ethylalcohol may certainly cause visual problems, partly by a disturbance of the conductive nerve fibres, partly through an effect on the retina itself. Though an indirect effect via vitamin B and A deficiency will often be a major component, direct toxic effects may also contribute to the disease.Author's address: Eye Department Erasmus University Eye Hospital Schiedamse Vest 180 3000 LM Rotterdam The Netherlands.     

Anomaloscope matches in patients with diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND: Functional visual deficits can occur in patients with diabetes mellitus who show no visible morphological alterations in the retina. In this study we examined the colour vision of diabetic patients using metameric matches. Patients with and without retinopathy, as well as those who had been treated with laser photocoagulation, were examined to ascertain how the functional alterations in the diabetic eye alter with disease status. METHODS: Rayleigh (red-green) and Moreland (blue-green) metameric matches were determined in a total of 51 diabetic patients (24 patients with no retinopathy, 12 patients with background retinopathy and 15 patients who had undergone laser therapy). Their results are compared to those of a control group of 25 subjects with normal colour vision. RESULTS: A deficit in blue-green colour discrimination found in patients without retinopathy becomes worse with the appearance of vascular alterations in the retina. There is also a significant shift towards green in the Rayleigh match midpoint and towards blue in the Moreland match midpoint, which is at least in part explicable by alterations in lens opacity. Patients who have undergone laser therapy show, on average, better colour discrimination than those with retinopathy, but there is a large variation in their results. CONCLUSION: The alterations in the colour vision of diabetics indicate that at least the early functional changes are occurring at an inner retinal location. Lens opacity changes also play a large role as the age of the patients increases.     

Asymmetric retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus

We reviewed retrospectively the records of 57 diabetic patients with asymmetric retinopathy persisting for two years or more (mean, 4.8 years) to identify intraocular risk and protective factors for the development of proliferative retinopathy. For each patient in this series, the more severely affected eye had proliferative retinopathy and the fellow eye had either background diabetic retinopathy or no retinopathy. Branch vein occlusion (P = .016) was identified as a statistically significant risk factor for proliferative retinopathy and chorioretinal scarring (P = .031) was found to be a statistically significant protective intraocular factor. In 34 patients with long-standing asymmetric retinopathy, no intraocular risk or protective factors were identified.     

Intraocular lenses in patients with diabetes mellitus

Presented are personal experiences concerning the application of artificial intraocular lenses in patients with diabetes and cataract. Operated were patients aged 50-76 years in whom implantation of an artificial lens of Alcon or Cilco was performed either to the anterior or posterior chamber. During the qualification for surgery eliminated were patients with proliferating retinopathy, with rubeosis iridis (with or without secondary glaucoma) and with juvenile diabetes. In 16 patients the obtained visual acuity was 0.8-1.0, in one female patient 0.5; in the remaining 2 persons the visual acuity amounted 0.2 and 0.3. These patients exhibited a simple exudative retinopathy with a macular oedema and after surgery they were subjected to a laser therapy. Observation of our material showed that qualifying diabetic patients for cataract extraction and taking into consideration the over mentioned contraindications one can obtain good results similar as in other patients with cataract.