联合脾切除治疗胃上部癌No．10淋巴结转移的疗效

目的探讨D2根治术联合脾切除对进展期胃上部癌No．10淋巴结转移患者预后的影响。方法1980年1月至2002年12月,对216例进展期胃上部癌N0．10淋巴结转移患者施行D2根治术,其中联合脾切除术者（切脾组）73例,未联合脾切除术者（保脾组）143例。比较两组患者术后5年生存率、No．10淋巴结清扫数目及转移数目及术后并发症发生率和病死率。结果216例进展期胃上部癌No．10淋巴结转移患者中,切脾组和保脾组术后5年生存率分别为30．0％和19．7％,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。切脾组No．10淋巴结清扫数目及转移数目均明显高于保脾组（P〈0．05）。是否联合脾切除、肿瘤浸润深度和胃切除方式为影响预后的独立因素。T3期患者切脾组与保脾组5年生存率分别为38．7％和18．9％,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;全胃切除患者切脾组与保脾组5年生存率分别为33．4％和20．7％,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。切脾组和保脾组术后并发症发生率分别为24．7％和17．5％,病死率则分别为4．1％和3．5％,两组差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论联合脾切除有利于进展期胃上部癌No．10淋巴结清扫。对于T3期胃上部癌No．10淋巴结转移患者,施行全胃联合脾切除能够提高疗效,不会增加患者术后并发症发生率和病死率。     

D2根治术联合脾切除治疗T3期胃上部癌的疗效评价

目的 探讨D2根治术联合脾切除对T3期胃上部癌的疗效及预后分析.方法 1980年1月至2002年6月对613例T3期胃上部癌患者施行D2根治性手术,其中联合脾切除术者(切脾组)102例,未联合脾切除术者(保脾组)511例.对两组患者No.l0、11淋巴结转移率、术后5年生存率和复发率,及术后并发症的发生率和病死率进行对照分析.结果 切脾组和保脾组No.l0淋巴结转移率分别为23.5%、14.9%,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组NO.11组淋巴结转移率相当.切脾组和保脾组术后5年生存率分别为39.8%、32.3%,复发率分别为55.9%、60.3%,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).切脾组中No.l0淋巴结有转移的患者术后5年生存率与无转移的患者相似;切脾组和保脾组术后并发症的发生率和病死率分别为19.6%、4.9%和13.7%、3.1%,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对于T3期胃上部癌患者,发生No.10淋巴结转移时,应施行联合脾切除术,彻底清扫No.l0、11淋巴结,以提高疗效,减少复发.联合脾切除术不会增加患者术后并发症发生率和病死率.     

胃底贲门癌侵及胰体尾外科治疗的预后分析

目的 探讨影响胃底贲门癌侵及胰体尾外科治疗预后的因素.方法 对135例胃底贲门癌侵及胰体尾患者进行手术.其中剖腹探查术20例,联合脾及胰体尾切除术115例.对影响手术的预后进行单因素及多因素分析,并分析术后的并发症发生率和病死率.结果 剖腹探查术和联合脾及胰体尾切除术患者的中位生存期分别为4.7个月和30.5个月,差异有统计学意义(X2=403.8,P＜0.01).联合脾及胰体尾切除术患者的3、5年生存率分别为48.3%、26.6%;肿瘤的直径、大体分型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、No.10或No.11淋巴结转移、根治程度和受侵脏器切除数目为影响预后的相关因素:其中浸润深度、淋巴结转移分期、手术根治程度及受侵脏器切除数目为影响预后的独立因素.术后并发症发牛率和病死率分别为20.0%和3.5%.结论 对于胃底贲门癌侵及胰体尾患者.施行联合脾及胰体尾切除术能够提高疗效.如果患者无淋巴结转移、或无不可根治因素存在、或无合并其他脏器受侵.施行联合脾及胰体尾切除术疗效最好.     

胃底贲门癌侵及胰体尾外科治疗的预后分析

目的探讨影响胃底贲门癌侵及胰体尾外科治疗预后的因素。方法对135例胃底贲门癌侵及胰体尾患者进行手术,其中剖腹探查术20例,联合脾及胰体尾切除术115例。对影响手术的预后进行单因素及多因素分析,并分析术后的并发症发生率和病死率。结果剖腹探查术和联合脾及胰体尾切除术患者的中位生存期分别为4．7个月和30．5个月,差异有统计学意义（X^2=403．8,P〈0．01）。联合脾及胰体尾切除术患者的3、5年生存率分别为48．3％、26．6％;肿瘤的直径、大体分型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、No．10或No．11淋巴结转移、根治程度和受侵脏器切除数目为影响预后的相关因素;其中浸润深度、淋巴结转移分期、手术根治程度及受侵脏器切除数目为影响预后的独立因素。术后并发症发生率和病死率分别为20．0％和3．5％。结论对于胃底贲门癌侵及胰体尾患者,施行联合脾及胰体尾切除术能够提高疗效。如果患者无淋巴结转移、或无不可根治因素存在、或无合并其他脏器受侵,施行联合脾及胰体尾切除术疗效最好。     

217例早期胃癌扩大胃切除与淋巴结清除术的回顾分析

目的评价早期胃癌不同扩大手术的实际意义，以选择合理的胃切除和淋巴结清除范围。方法以临床病理资料完整、施行规范D2及扩大手术的217例早期胃癌患者为研究对象。分析施行不同扩大手术的原因、淋巴结清除的必要性及第Ⅱ站淋巴结转移与临床病理因素的相关性。结果胃上部癌行全胃切除术6例，No．5、6淋巴结均未见转移；联合脾、脾动脉切除2例，No．10、11p、11d淋巴结均未见转移；胃下部癌联合横结肠系膜切除3例，No．15淋巴结未见转移。以上病例术中多数误认为进展期胃癌而扩大了胃切除或淋巴结清除范围，手术时间长，术中失血较多。胃下部癌清除的第Ⅱ站淋巴结中No．11p、12a、14v均未见转移；黏膜下癌（sm癌）中，No．7、8a淋巴结转移率明显高于黏膜内癌（m癌）（P〈0．05）；淋巴管癌栓阳性者No．7淋巴结转移较阴性者明显增多（P〈0．001），No．1、13淋巴结转移仅出现在淋巴结转移高危病例（sm、癌灶大于3．0cm、凹陷型，淋巴管癌栓阳性）。结论早期胃癌不需施行淋巴结扩大清除术和联合脏器切除。早期胃上部癌不需施行全胃切除术。早期胃下部癌中No．11p、12a、14v淋巴结不需清除．但对胃下部癌淋巴结转移高危病例，应行标准D2淋巴结清除术。     

胃类癌生物学行为及与预后关系的临床研究

目的分析胃类癌特有的生物学行为与肿瘤预后之间的关系。方法总结1964年1月至2005年1月间收治的26例经手术切除、病理证实的胃类癌病例资料,对其肿瘤大小、胃壁侵犯深度、区域淋巴结转移、肝转移、术后辅助化疗和5年生存率进行分析。结果本组患者平均年龄58岁。其中18例(69.2%)肿瘤侵犯胃浆膜;12例(46.2%)有区域淋巴结转移;10例(38.5%)术后接受辅助化疗;14例(53.8%)在随访中出现肝转移。肿瘤大小与胃壁侵犯深度、区域淋巴结转移和肝转移的发生及5年生存率无关(P>0.05)。生存分析提示浆膜浸润、淋巴结转移和肝转移影响生存时间(P<0.05)。有浆膜浸润、淋巴结转移和肝转移的患者5年生存率分别为16.7%、16.7%和0,预后较差;化疗与否5年生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胃类癌术后辅助化疗并无益处,其预后与肿瘤的浸润深度、淋巴结转移和肝转移有关。     

全胃切除联合脾切除对进展期胃癌预后的影响

目的:探讨全胃切除联合脾切除术治疗进展期胃癌的有效性和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2008—2013年进展期胃癌50例患者的临床资料。胃癌全胃切除手术34例(对照组),全胃切除联合脾切除术16例(观察组),观察比较两组的手术情况、转移淋巴结分布情况和1、3、5年生存率。结果:观察组并发症发生率明显高于对照组(31.3%vs 5.9%,P0.05);观察组1年生存率明显低于对照组(37.5%vs64.7%,P0.05);两组的3年和5年并发症发生率和生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组No.10和11组转移淋巴结(6/23.1%)明显高于对照组(4/8.2%,P0.05)。结论:全胃切除联合脾切除不能提高进展期胃癌的生存率;无脾转移或10、11组淋巴结转移的进展期胃癌患者应谨慎选择联合脾切除术。     

胃癌手术中清扫No.10组及No.11组淋巴结与保留脾脏问题

目的　探讨胃癌根治手术中 ,清扫No .1 0组、No.1 1组淋巴结时 ,保留脾脏的手术适应证和手术方法。方法　根据胃癌部位、病理类型、临床病理分期、淋巴流向以及淋巴结转移规律 ,结合脾脏免疫功能 ,选择保留脾脏的手术适应证和手术方式 ,结合文献进行综述。结果　Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期胃癌保留脾脏组 5年生存率明显增高。Ⅳ期胃癌 ,癌组织浸润脾门 ,No .1 0组淋巴结有明显转移者 ,切除脾脏组 5年生存率增高。不同的清扫方法之间的合并症及 5年生存率差异无统计学意义 (P>0 .0 5)。结论　Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期胃癌保留脾脏行淋巴结清扫或自体脾移植术能明显提高生存率 ,Ⅳ期胃癌的癌灶大小、占据部位、浸润深度及淋巴结转移是影响胃癌预后的主要因素 ,脾脏的免疫力处于抑制状态时 ,应同时切除脾脏以达到根治性切除     

盆腔侧方淋巴结转移对低位直肠癌预后的影响

目的 探讨盆腔侧方淋巴结转移对低位直肠癌预后的影响.方法 对1994年至2005年行根治性切除联合盆腔侧方淋巴结清扫的176例低位直肠癌患者的资料进行回顾性分析.探讨低位直肠癌患者盆腔侧方淋巴结转移对其预后的影响.结果 全组盆腔侧方淋巴结转移33例(18.8%),其中髂内及直肠中动脉根部淋巴结转移占51.5%,闭孔淋巴结转移占39.4%.年龄≤40岁、浸润型癌、T3-4期、上方淋巴结转移患者的盆腔侧方淋巴结转移率较高(P＜0.05).全组5年生存率为64.1%,TNM分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期患者5年生存率分别为94.1%、79.1%、42.1%.癌灶大小、浸润深度、上方淋巴结转移、盆腔侧方淋巴结转移是影响低位直肠癌患者预后的重要因素(P＜0.05).盆腔侧方淋巴结阴性患者5年生存率为73.6%,而侧方淋巴结转移患者为21.4%,两组差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 盆腔侧方淋巴结转移是影响低位直肠癌预后的重要因素.     

进展期胃癌脾门区淋巴结转移及其清扫方式

目的探讨进展期胃癌脾门区淋巴结（No．4sa、No．10和No．11d）转移状况及清扫方式。方法回顾性分析北京肿瘤医院2006年1月至2009年12月590例行近端或全胃切除术并标准D：淋巴结清扫术患者的临床资料,分析临床病理因素对该区淋巴结转移的影响,并分析联合脾或胰体尾切除对该区淋巴结清扫的影响。结果全组病例脾门区淋巴结转移度（阳性淋巴结数目占清扫淋巴结总数）为17．5％（99／565）,其中No．4sa、10、11d淋巴结转移度分别为17．8％（41／230）、13．9％（29／209）和22．8％（29／127）。脾门区淋巴结转移率（转移患者数／患者总数）为7．1％（42／590）。多因素分析结果显示。年龄、肿瘤大小、浸润深度、No．4sb淋巴结转移是脾门区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素（均P〈0．05）。联合脾或胰体尾切除病例（23例）和未行联合脏器切除病例数（553例）脾门区淋巴结转移度分别为14．8％（4／27）和17．2％（91／527）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后并发症发生率分别为26．1％（6／23）和5．4％（30／553）;差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;围手术期死亡率分别为4．3％（1／23）和0．9％（5／553）,差异无统计学意义（尸〉0．05）。结论脾门区淋巴结存在着一定的转移规律,其与肿瘤部位、大小、浸润深度及No．4sb淋巴结转移密切相关。联合脾或胰体尾切除并未增加脾门区淋巴结的清扫数目和阳性淋巴结的检出。反而增加了术后并发症的发生率．应谨慎施行。     

Lymph node metastasis at the splenic hilum in proximal gastric cancer

We performed splenectomy on patients with macroscopic advanced gastric cancer located at the proximal part of the stomach to achieve complete D2 lymphadenectomy. The aim of this study was to clarify the survival benefit of splenectomy in the treatment of gastric cancer. The clinical records of 225 patients who underwent total gastrectomy with splenectomy for gastric cancers involving the proximal part of the stomach were analyzed retrospectively. Nodal involvement at the splenic hilum (no. 10) was detected in 47 cases (20.9%). All of these cases were macroscopically diagnosed as positive for serosal invasion or regional lymph node metastasis at the time of surgery. In considering the lymphatic pathway from the primary tumor to no. 10 lymph nodes, metastasis at lymph nodes along the lesser curvature (no. 3), the short gastric vessels, or the gastroepiploic vessels (no. 4) may be good indicators of no. 10 lymph node metastasis. The overall survival of 47 patients with positive no. 10 lymph nodes was extremely poor. However, when curative surgery was performed, the survival of no. 10 positive patients was not different from that of no. 10 negative patients. Thus, for patients with advanced gastric cancer located in the proximal part of the stomach, D2 lymphadenectomy with splenectomy is recommended when patients show macroscopic evidence of serosal invaded tumor with regional lymph node metastasis.     

Effect of Simultaneous Splenectomy on the Survival of Patients Undergoing Curative Gastrectomy for Proximal Gastric Carcinoma

Purpose: Splenectomy is sometimes performed simultaneously with curative gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma, especially when the tumor originates in the proximal one-third of the stomach or corpus, or when it invades the entire stomach, in an effort to remove metastatic lymph nodes at the splenic hilus and improve survival. However, splenectomy is not an innocent procedure and may cause increased morbidity and even mortality. Moreover, the long-term effect of splenectomy on survival is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of simultaneous splenectomy on survival in patients with proximal tumors undergoing curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods: The effect of splenectomy on the 5-year survival of 61 patients with proximal gastric cancer (located in the cardia or the corpus) who underwent curative gastrectomy in our hospital between 1989 and 1993 was investigated retrospectively. Of these 61 patients, 38 (62.3%) underwent splenectomy and 23 (37.7%) did not. The relationship between the clinicohistopathological parameters and 5-year survival was retrospectively analyzed. Results: No significant differences were found in bivariate analysis between the survival of patients who underwent curative gastrectomy with and those who underwent curative gastrectomy without splenectomy (P = 0.984). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that only histological grade (P < 0.003) and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors with or without splenectomy. Splenectomy itself was not an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.528). Conclusion: The findings of this retrospective study showed that simultaneous splenectomy had no effect on the survival of patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. Thus, splenectomy may only be appropriate for patients with direct invasion of the spleen. Received: September 10, 2001 / Accepted: May 7, 2002 Reprint requests to: S. Erturk, Validecesme, Macka Meydan Sok., Simsek Apt., No: 11, D: 4, 80700 Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey     

胃癌根治术后肝转移的预后分析

目的探讨影响胃癌根治术后肝转移患者预后的相关因素。方法总结我院1996年至2001年间收治的胃癌根治术后发生肝转移患者87例的临床病理资料，回顾分析影响所有胃癌根治术后肝转移患者预后的相关临床病理因素。结果胃癌根治术后肝转移患者1、3和5年生存率分别为28．8％、3．6％和0，平均生存时间为（11．3±1．1）个月。单因素分析显示：原发灶部位、原发灶大小、分化程度、浸润深度、Lauren分型、淋巴结转移、血管浸润、神经浸润、腹膜转移、转移灶数目、转移灶肝内分布类型及转移灶切除与胃癌根治术后肝转移的预后显著相关。而多因素分析显示：仅原发灶部位、Lauren分型、转移灶肝内分布类型和转移灶切除是影响胃癌根治术后肝转移预后的独立因素。结论原发灶部位、Lauren分型、转移灶肝内分布类型和转移灶切除与否是评价胃癌根治术后肝转移患者预后的重要参考因素。     

进展期胃近端癌联合脾脏切除87例报告

目的　通过研究进展期胃近端癌淋巴结转移情况及相关因素 ,阐述合理的手术方法。方法　回顾性分析我院 1995年 4月～ 2 0 0 1年 4月行根治性全胃切除的胃近端癌联合脾脏切除手术87例 ,探讨联合脾脏切除的指征。结果　进展期胃小弯近端癌No⑩～ 淋巴结转移率 7.2 % (2 /2 8) ,大弯侧及胃底部癌转移率明显增高 ,分别是 43.6 % (7/ 39)和 45 % (9/ 2 0 ) ,有明显差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　进展期胃近端癌联合脾脏切除 ,小弯侧癌应根据肿瘤大小、浸润深度、淋巴结转移情况进行分析 ;大弯侧及胃底部进展期癌如有根治可能应联合脾脏切除为宜。     

Survival of Early Gastric Cancer in a Specialized European Center. Which Lymphadenectomy Is Necessary?

Purpose A clinicopathological study of early gastric cancer has been carried out in a single experienced surgical unit to identify prognostic indicators for survival and factors related to lymph nodes metastasis and document a survival benefit of D2 gastrectomy. Methods A retrospective review of our database from January 1990 to December 2004 revealed 189 patients with early gastric cancer undergoing surgical resection with either D1 or D2 lymph node dissection. Clinicopathological factors analyzed included Lauren’s histological type, histological differentiation, size, mucosal versus submucosal invasion, venous invasion, number of lymph node involved, and extent of nodal dissection performed. Factors related to increased risk of nodal metastases and predicting 5- and 10-year disease-specific survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Median follow-up time was 77 months. Lymph node involvement was documented in 21.1% of patients. A D2 gastrectomy was performed in 56% of patients. The cumulative 10-year survival rate was 92.5%; it was strictly related to nodal metastases (p = .0014). Poor differentiation, size larger than 2 cm, and submucosal depth of invasion were related to increased risk of nodal metastases but not to decreased survival. Overall, 10-year survival after D2 gastrectomy was higher than after D1 gastrectomy (95 versus 87.5%), but this difference was not statistically significant (p = .80). No survival benefit was documented for D2 gastrectomy in subsets of patients with increased risk of nodal metastasis. Conclusion In this retrospective analysis a survival benefit of D2 gastrectomy was not documented either in the overall population or in subset analyses of patients with increased risk of nodal metastasis.     

103例进展期近端胃癌淋巴结转移的临床特点

目的 探讨进展期近端胃癌（PGC）淋巴结转移的临床特点,为制定合理的治疗方案提供临床依据.方法 回顾性分析2001年9月至2005年12月间天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的103例行胃癌根治术或扩大根治术的PGC患者的临床资料,分析各站、组淋巴结的转移率及其影响因素.结果 本组PGC患者淋巴结转移率为78.6%;各站、组淋巴结转移率为：第1站70.8%.频率由高到低依次为No.3、No.1、No.2和4Sa、4Sb组淋巴结;第2站38.3%,频率依次为No.7、No.10、No.9、No.11、No.8a和No.4d组淋巴结;第3站及远处淋巴结22.3%.频率依次为No.5、No.6、No.16和No.12组淋巴结.Ordinal Logistic多因素分析表明：分化程度、肿瘤大小、浸润深度、有无远处转移是影响进展期PGC淋巴结转移的独立危险因素.结论 进展期PGC患者其淋巴结转移的数量可能与肿瘤分化程度、大小、浸润深度、有无远处转移密切相关,应根据其淋巴结转移风险选择合适的淋巴结清扫范围.     

351例胃癌术后患者的预后因素分析

目的 探讨胃癌术后影响胃癌患者生存的因素.方法 将2004年1月至2009年12月期间在笔者所在医院行手术治疗并获随访的351例胃癌患者作为研究对象,对其临床病理资料及随访资料进行单因素和多因素分析.结果 单因素分析显示患者年龄以及肿瘤部位、T分期、N分期、TNM分期和分化程度与预后有关(P＜0.05);多因素分析显示肿瘤部位、T分期、N分期和术后化疗是影响胃癌术后生存率的独立因素(P＜0.05).结论 肿瘤部位、浸润深度、淋巴结转移率及术后辅助化疗是影响胃癌术后生存的重要因素.对于有淋巴结转移或处于TNMⅢ期的胃癌患者,术后化疗可以提高其生存率.     

Pattern of Lymph Node Involvement in Proximal Gastric Cancer

Background  The operative methods for proximal gastric cancer differ depending on the institution, thus there is no optimal therapeutic strategy. A splenic hilum lymph node (No. 10) dissection is necessary for D2 operation for proximal gastric cancer, which means it requires splenectomy. However, unnecessary splenectomy should be avoided. Methods  A total of 127 proximal gastric cancer cases from our institution were studied retrospectively. In addition, 1,569 cases were collected from the literature and were used as pooled data for further analysis. All cases were examined for the depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis. Results  A retrospective analysis revealed that proximal gastric cancer within submucosa (40 cases) had no N2 lymph node metastasis in our study. The 5-year overall survival of all cases was 25.2% and the disease-free survival was 23.6%. From the pooled data analysis, No. 10 lymph node metastasis was observed in 0.9% of the patients with submucosa proximal gastric cancer. Furthermore, there was no No. 4d lymph node metastasis when the depth of cancer was limited to within the subserosa. Conclusions  Although a randomized, controlled trial concerning survival is necessary, according to this study, there is a possibility that limited resection might be accepted for proximal gastric cancer according to the depth of wall invasion.