自拟心衰还阳丸对慢性心力衰竭模型大鼠心脏功能的影响

目的观察自拟心衰还阳丸对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)模型大鼠心脏功能的影响。方法将90只Wistar大鼠采用随机数字表法分为假手术组,模型组,阳性对照组,自拟心衰还阳丸高、中、低剂量组6组,每组15只。采用结扎冠状动脉法建立CHF模型,造模后第3天,各组分别灌胃生理盐水及相应药物,连续灌胃8周。分别在给药第2,8周观察各组大鼠的一般情况和体质量(BW);给药8周后处死大鼠,检测各组大鼠心率(HR)、左心室收缩末压(LVSP)、左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左心室最大压力上升和下降速度(±dp/dt_(max))、全心质量(THW)、左心室实际质量(LVW)、心脏质量指数(HMI)及左心室质量指数(LVMI); HE染色后观察心肌细胞和间质的变化。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠BW明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与模型组比较,给药第8周自拟心衰还阳丸高剂量组及阳性对照组BW均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与自拟心衰还阳丸低剂量组比较,给药第8周自拟心衰还阳丸高、中剂量组及阳性对照组BW均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);自拟心衰还阳丸高剂量组与中剂量组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠LVSP、+dp/dt_(max)、-dp/dt_(max)均明显降低,HR、LVEDP、HMI及LVMI均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与模型组比较,自拟心衰还阳丸高、中剂量组及阳性对照组LVSP、+dp/dt_(max)、-dp/dt_(max)均明显升高,HR、LVEDP、HMI及LVMI均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);与自拟心衰还阳丸低剂量组比较,自拟心衰还阳丸高、中剂量组LVSP、+dp/dt_(max)、-dp/dt_(max)均明显升高,HR、LVEDP、HMI及LVMI均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。自拟心衰还阳丸高剂量组与中剂量组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。假手术组大鼠心肌细胞排列整齐,细胞间隙正常,无水肿和空泡形成;模型组大鼠心肌细胞间隙增宽,细胞排列紊乱,间质呈纤维化趋势,间质血管扩张和充血;阳性对照组和自拟心衰还阳丸高剂量组大鼠心肌细胞水肿和空泡程度较轻,细胞排列尚整齐,可见少量炎性细胞浸润;自拟心衰还阳丸中、低剂量组大鼠心肌细胞排列紊乱,间质血管有少量充血。结论自拟心衰还阳丸可改善CHF模型大鼠心脏功能、血流动力学、心肌细胞及间质改变。     

缺血预处理对高血脂大鼠心功能的影响

通过高血脂大鼠离体心肌缺血预处理模型，观察缺血预处理对缺血再灌注心肌左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左室收缩压最大变化速率(dp/dt)max和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH—Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及丙二醛(MDA)的影响。发现缺血再灌注组与对照组相比LVSP、(dp/dt)max明显下降(P＜0．05)；与单纯缺血再灌注组相比，缺血预处理组LVSP、(dp/dt)max、GSH—Px、SOD值均明显升高(P＜0．05)，且接近于对照组，(dp/dt)max—LVSP环在重复灌注后，可见环体的收缩成分面积增加，MDA含量则下降。提示高血脂大鼠经心肌缺血预处理可以减轻缺血／再灌注对高血脂大鼠心功能的损伤，对心肌细胞有保护作用。     

替罗非班对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后左心室重塑及心功能的影响

目的观察替罗非班对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后左心室重塑及心功能的影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠36只,随机分为假手术组、模型对照组和替罗非班组各12只。采用冠状动脉结扎法建立大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型,假手术组只穿线不结扎。术后28d存活大鼠测定血流动力学及心功能。用苦味酸天狼猩红染色,测定左心室梗死区(假手术组为左心室)游离壁厚度(LVMT)、室间隔厚度(SPT)、窜间隔厚度,左心室游离壁厚度(SPT/LVMT)、室间隔的心肌横断面积(MAAS)、梗死区(假手术组为左心室游离壁)及非梗死区的胶原容积分数(CVF),并进行定量分析。结果血流动力学分析显示:模型对照组和替罗非班组大鼠的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、左心窜收缩压(LVSP)、左心室内最大上升及下降速率(±dp/dt_(max))低于假手术组,左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)高于假手术组(P<0.01,P<0.05);替罗非班组大鼠的±dp/dt_(max)高于模型对照组(P<0.05),LVEDP低于模型对照组(P<0.05),SBP、DBP、LVSP较模型对照组有升高的趋势,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);缺血再灌注后28d,模型对照组和替罗非班组大鼠的LVMT低于假手术组(P<0.01),SFT/LVMT、MAAS及梗死区CVF高于假手术组(P<0.01),SFF及非梗死区CVF 3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);替罗非班组大鼠LVMT高于模型对照组(P<0.05);SPT/LVMT、MAAS、梗死区CVF低于模型对照组(P<0.01)。结论替罗非班可抑制大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后的左心室重塑,改善心功能。     

从心肌力学观察银杏酮酯抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用

目的研究银杏酮酯(GBE50)对大鼠离体心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤的保护作用,并探讨心肌力学和血流动力学信息对其的评价作用。方法55只SD大鼠随机分为6组:模型组,GBE50低、中、高剂量组,丹参组,地尔硫卓组。进行Langendorff离体心脏灌流,各组均平衡灌注15 min,停灌造成全心缺血30 min,再复灌40 min。记录左心室内压力,观察药物对心脏心肌力学和血流动力学的影响。结果I/R后各组HR、mLVSP、DP、±dp/dt_(max)都明显低于缺血前,mLVDP、t-dp/dt_(max)明显升高(P0.05～0.001);随着再灌注时间的延长,各指标呈逐渐恢复的趋势。GBE50中剂量组、丹参组、地尔硫卓组DP、±dp/dt_(max)显著高于模型组(P0.05),t-dp/dt_(max)、mLVDP显著低于模型组(P0.05)。结论GBE50对心肌缺血再灌注损伤后心功能的下降具有明显的预防和保护作用,以心肌力学和血流动力学信息进行评价是稳定和可靠的。     

两种药物配伍治疗慢性心力衰竭患者的疗效观察

目的 观察美托洛尔对慢性力衰竭患者心功能影响.方法 选择慢性心力衰竭患者67例,随机分为治疗组34例和对照组33例.对照组给予强心、利尿和扩血管等常规治疗,治疗组加用美托洛尔(倍他乐克6.25～100mg/d).随访1年,观察患者心功能、超声心动图变化情况.结果 治疗组较对照组左心室射血分数升高(52%±3%VS45%±2%,P＜0.01),左心室收缩末期容积下降(134±50VS 142±50,P＜0.01);治疗组治疗前、后比较,左心室舒张末期容积下降(191±56VS169±40,P＜0.05);心功能恶化再次住院显著减少(P＜0.01).结论 常规治疗的基础上加用美托洛尔能改善慢性心力衰竭患者心功能.     

缺血预适应对猪急性心肌梗死再灌注后无再流的影响

目的评价缺血预适应(IPC)防治猪急性心肌梗死(AMI)再灌注后无再流的作用.方法中华小型猪24只随机分成对照组、IPC组和假手术组,每组8只.冠状动脉结扎3 h,松解1 h制备AMI再灌注模型.AMI前、AMI后3 h和再灌注1 h后均行血流动力学测定,包括左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)、心排量(CO)和左心室内压最大收缩和舒张变化速率(±dp/dtmax).各组使用电磁流量计于AMI前5 min,对照组和IPC组于再灌注后即刻和1 h时记录冠脉血流量,应用心肌声学造影(MCE)检查及病理学分析测定无再流范围(ANR).结果与AMI前相比,对照和IPC两组AMI后3 h和再灌注后1 h LVSP、CO和±dp/dtmax均显著下降(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),LVEDP显著升高(P＜0.01);对照组再灌注后1 h仅LVSP比AMI后3 h显著恢复(P＜0.05),±dp/dtmax继续显著下降(P＜0.05);IPC组再灌注后1 h LVSP、LVEDP、±dp/dtmax和CO均比AMI 3 h显著恢复(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).IPC组MCE和病理染色所测的冠脉结扎区心肌范围高度一致(P＞0.05),再灌注后ANR分别为(16.4±2.24)%和(17.5±2.87)%,心肌坏死范围(NA)占LA的(78.4±3.62)%;IPC组结扎区心肌范围与对照组相比,差异无显著性(均P＞0.05),但两方法所测ANR和NA均显著小于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).对照和IPC两组再灌注即刻和再灌注后1 h冠脉血流量明显低于AMI前(均P＜0.01),IPC组再灌注即刻和再灌注后1 h冠脉血流量均比对照组显著增加(P＜0.05).结论IPC能有效防治心肌梗死再灌注后无再流,改善心功能,缩小梗死面积.     

脊髓电刺激对心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的作用

目的 检测脊髓电刺激对心肌缺血的治疗作用.方法 36只健康成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、心肌缺血组和脊髓电刺激+心肌缺血组.检测各组P物质在中枢神经系统的表达及心肌缺血组和脊髓电刺激+心肌缺血组心肌缺血面积的大小.结果 与对照组比较,心肌缺血组P物质在中枢神经系统的表达明显增高(P＜0.05);脊髓电刺激+心肌缺血组与心肌缺血组比较,脊髓电刺激可减低P物质在心肌缺血时表达的增加(P＜0.05).心肌缺血组和脊髓电刺激+心肌缺血组心肌缺血面积占左心室面积的百分比平均值分别为(46.51±2.19)％和(35.33±3.34)％,脊髓电刺激+心肌缺血组与心肌缺血组相比降低30.0％(P＜ 0.01).结论 脊髓电刺激使心肌缺血时传导痛觉的神经递质P物质在中枢神经系统的表达减少,且降低了心肌缺血损伤面积,对心肌缺血具有治疗作用.     

橙皮素对大鼠离体心脏心功能的影响及其机制研究

目的 观察橙皮素(HSP)对大鼠离体心脏心功能的影响及其可能的机制。方法建立Langendorff离体心脏灌流模型,记录不同浓度HSP对大鼠离体心脏冠状动脉流量(coronary flow,CF)、心率(heart rate,HR)、左心室发展压(left ventricular developed pressure,LVDP)、左心室舒张末压(1eft ventricular end-diastolic pressure,LVEDP)、等容收缩期左心室内压上升的最大速率(positive dp/dt_(max),+dp/dt_(max))、等容舒张期左心室内压下降的最大速率(negative dp/dt_(max),-dp/dt_(max))的影响。使用钙激活K~+通道(K_(Ca))阻断剂四乙胺(TEA)、ATP敏感K~+通道(KATP)阻断剂格列本脲(Gli)、内向整流K~+通道(KIR)阻断剂氯化钡(BaCl_2)、电压依赖性K~+通道(K_V)阻断剂4-氨基吡啶(4-AP)等工具药探究HSP对离体大鼠心脏心功能影响的机制。结果与用药前相比,HSP可以增加离体大鼠心脏的CF值(P0.05),降低其LVDP、+dp/dt_(max)值(P0.05)。4-AP能抑制HSP对离体心脏CF、LVDP、+dp/dt_(max)的作用(P0.05),而TEA、Gli、BaCl_2无明显作用(P0.05)。结论HSP对离体大鼠心脏有负性肌力作用,其机制与心肌细胞的K_V激活有关,与K_(Ca)、K_(ATP)、K_(IR)无关。     

血清Galectin-3水平与慢性心力衰竭的相关性和临床意义

目的:探讨慢性心力衰竭患者血清半乳糖凝集素-3 (Galectin-3,Gal-3)浓度与心力衰竭的相关性及临床意义.方法:以承德医学院附属医院心脏内科45例慢性心力衰竭患者为心衰组,同期45例健康体检者为对照组.分别检测两组血清Gal-3、BNP浓度,以及左心室射血分数(LVEF)和左心室舒张末期前后径(LVEDD).结果:心衰组血清Gal-3、BNP浓度明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).相关性分析显示,心衰组患者血清Gal-3浓度与BNP、NYHA心功能分级、LVEDD呈正相关关系(P＜0.01),与LVEF呈负相关关系(P＜0.01).Gal-3诊断慢性心衰的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.852(P＜0.01).结论:血清Gal-3参与了慢性心衰的发生发展进程,对慢性心衰的临床诊断和危险分层具有指导意义.     

非控制失血性休克大鼠输液输血的研究

目的 观察非控制失血性休克大鼠输注不同血液成分的复苏效果.方法 SD大鼠24只,复制非控制失血性休克(失血45%)模型.用随机数字表法将大鼠分为3组,每组8只,Ⅰ组输注林格液+羟乙基淀粉(LR+HES),Ⅱ组输注LR+HES+自身全血,Ⅲ组输注LR+HES+自体红细胞.观察休克前、休克1 h、复苏2 h各时间点血常规、心率(HR)、血压、左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左心室压力上升和下降的最大变化速率(±dp/dtmax)和存活时间.结果 血常规指标各组休克1 h、复苏2 h与休克前比较均显著下降(P＜0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),各组复苏2 h与休克1 h比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);存活时间Ⅱ、Ⅲ组显著长于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01);HR、LVSP和±dp/dtmax 各组休克1 h、复苏2 h与休克前比较显著降低(P＜0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),各组复苏2 h与休克1 h比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 大鼠急性失血45%用晶体液和胶体液补充血容量,输注自身红细胞纠正贫血可以有效复苏,没有发生凝血异常表现.     

磁共振心肌灌注成像评价心肌梗死PTCA治疗前后心肌存活

目的 评价磁共振心肌灌注成像(MRMPI) 检测心肌梗死存活心肌的作用. 方法 选择心肌梗死患者51 例.采用1.5 T MR扫描仪,反转恢复快速小角度激励( IR-turbo FLASH) 序列,全部患者均在静脉注射钆喷替酸葡甲胺(Gd-DTPA) 0.1 mmol/kg、MRMPI 首过期及5~30 min 延迟期成像.21 例行静息、负荷99锝单光子发射计算机体层摄影术( single photon emission computed tomography, SPECT) 进行对照研究.首过期行短轴面成像,延迟期行短轴面及长轴面成像.结果 51例心肌梗死患者,42 例(82.3%) 首过期显示灌注减低;50 例(98%) 延迟增强.在21例168个心肌段SPECT诊断无活性心肌段48个,MRMPI 示梗死区均有延迟增强,SPECT诊断存活心肌段120 个,MRMPI 示97段无延迟增强.以静息、负荷99m锝SPECT 作为参考标准,MRMPI 的敏感度、特异度分别为100%、80.8%. 结论 MRMPI 可有效地检测心肌梗死的存活和非存活心肌,以及其程度和范围.     

Acute myocardial infarction due to myocardial bridge

Myocardial bridge (MB) is regarded as a common anatomic variant rather than a congenital condition anomaly,defined as the intramyocardial course of a portion of the coronary artery.It was first mentioned by Rayman in 1737 and first described by Grainicianu in the early 1920s.The current gold standard for diagnosing     

Evaluation of Myocardial Viability after Myocardial Infarction with Intravenous Real-time Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography

The myocardial viability after myocardial infarction was evaluated by intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography. Intravenous real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography was performed on 18 patients with myocardial infarction before coronary revascularization. Follow-up echocardiography was performed 3 months after coronary revascularization. Segmental wall motion was assessed using 18-segment LV model and classified as normal, hypokinesis, akinesis and dyskinesis. Viable myocardium was defined by evident improvement of segmental wall motion 3 months after coronary revascularization. Myocardial perfusion was assessed by visual interpretation and divided into 3 conditions： homogeneous opacification; partial or reduced opaciflcation or subendocardial contrast defect; contrast defect. The former two conditions were used as the standard to define the viable myocardium. The results showed that 109 abnormal wall motion segments were detected among 18 patients with myocardial infarction, including 47 segments of hypokinesis, 56 segments of akinesis and 6 segments of dyskinesis. The wall motion of 2 segments with hypokinesis before coronary revascularization which showed homogeneous opacification, 14 of 24 segments with hypokinese and 20 of 24 segments with akinese before coronary revascularization which showed partial or reduced opaciflcation or subendocardial contrast defect was improved 3 months after coronary revascularization. In our study, the sensitivity and specificity of evaluation of myocardial viability after myocardial infarction by intravenous real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography were 94.7% and 78.9%, respectively. It was concluded that intravenous real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography could accurately evaluate myocardial viability after myocardial infarction.     

Acute myocardial infarction: myocardial salvage assessment

Primary coronary revascularization by means of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)is a highly effective treatment of acute myocardial infarction re-establishing coronary perfusion and stopping the ongoing necrosis in the dependent myocardium.Single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)is the most widely used modality assessing myocardial salvage as the difference between the acute perfusion defect before intervention and the remaining scar size measured in a second scan several days after the event.SPECT allows quantification of area at risk(AAR)and final infarct size(FIS)by tracer injection prior to revascularization and after 1 month,respectively.SPECT provides the most validated measure of myocardial salvage and has been utilized in multiple randomizedclinical trials.However,SPECT is logistically challenging,expensive,and includes radiation exposure.More recently,a large number of studies have suggested that cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR)can determine salvage in a single examination by combining measures of myocardial oedema in the AAR exposed to ischaemia reperfusion with FIS quantification by late gadolinium enhancement.     

心肌声学造影对急性心梗PCI术后心肌灌注的评价

目的:通过心肌声学造影(MCE)对急性心梗经皮冠状动脉支架术(PCI)后心肌灌注的情况进行判断,了解其对左心功能及左室重构的影响.方法:采用病例对照的研究方法,根据PCI术后1周的MCE检查,将急性心梗患者分为灌注正常组、灌注稀疏组和灌注缺失组,并随访检查3个月、6个月的左室射血分数(LVEF)及左室舒张末内径(LVDd)的变化情况,比较组内及组间不同时段LVEF与LVDd的变化.结果:PCI术后3个月灌注稀疏组LVEF恢复到正常;灌注缺损组PCI术后LVEF的平均水平随时间变化而逐渐降低;灌注缺损组患者的LVEF低于灌注稀疏组和灌注正常组(P<0.05);术后6个月灌注缺损组LVDd平均水平高于灌注正常组和灌注稀疏组(P<0.05),灌注缺损组随时间的变化左室内径逐渐增大(P<0.05).结论:急性心梗患者PCI术后心肌微循环较差时,其左室射血分数降低,左室内径增大;MCE有利于对急性心梗患者PCI术后左心功能及左室重构评估.     

水飞蓟素通过抑制心肌细胞凋亡减轻心肌梗死

目的：观察水飞蓟素对心肌梗死小鼠的血流动力学、梗死面积及梗死边缘区凋亡蛋白表达情况。方法：将60只小鼠随机分为心肌梗死组、假手术组、心肌梗死+水飞蓟素组和心肌梗死溶剂组。建模成功4周后检测小鼠血流动力学变化,进行心脏超声检查,评价梗死面积、细胞凋亡指数以及凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、Cleaved-Caspase3的表达。结果：与心肌梗死组小鼠相比,水飞蓟素可显著减轻心肌梗死,改善心梗小鼠心功能,降低心肌细胞凋亡指数,增强Bcl-2蛋白表达和减弱Bax和Cleaved-Caspase3蛋白表达。结论：水飞蓟素能够减轻心肌梗死,改善心梗小鼠心室收缩功能,保护心肌,减少心肌细胞的凋亡,其机制与升高Bcl-2蛋白、降低Bax和Cleaved-Caspase3蛋白表达水平有关。     

“肾阳虚证”下心肌梗死模型与单纯心肌梗死模型大鼠心肌形态学、心肌酶学及血液流变学的比较

目的：建立大鼠“肾阳虚证”下心肌梗死模型,探讨其与单纯心肌梗死模型大鼠在心肌形态学、心肌酶学及血液流变学方面的差异,为评价治疗胸痹心痛中药的药效学提供理论依据。方法：60只Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组、肾阳虚模型组、心肌梗死假手术组、单纯心肌梗死模型组及“肾阳虚证”下心肌梗死模型组,每组12只。在大鼠 “肾阳虚”情况下复制急性心肌梗死模型,测定各组大鼠心肌梗死面积 (MIS),血清天门冬氨酸氨基转化酶（AST）、肌酸磷酸激酶（CK）及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性,同时测定血小板黏附率（PAR）、血小板聚集率（PAG）、红细胞沉降率（ESR）、红细胞压积（HCT）、体外血栓长度、血栓干重与湿重以及血栓弹力图等参数。结果： 大鼠“肾阳虚证”下心肌梗死模型与单纯心肌梗死模型在MIS,血清AST、CK及LDH活性,PAR、PAG、ESR及HCT增加程度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;肾阳虚模型组、单纯心肌梗死模型组及“肾阳虚证”下心肌梗死模型组大鼠体外血栓干重及长度均明显增加（P<0.05或P<0.01）,“肾阳虚证”下心肌梗死模型组的增加程度大于单纯心肌梗死模型组及肾阳虚模型组,但三者之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;尽管“肾阳虚证”下心肌梗死模型组大鼠血栓弹力图r、k值的缩短程度及ma值的增大程度高于单纯心肌梗死模型组,但2组之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：大鼠“肾阳虚证”下心肌梗死模型与单纯心肌梗死模型心肌梗死面积、血清心肌酶学、红细胞压积、血沉、血小板功能、体外血栓重量及血栓弹力图等指标均无明显差异。     

Relation of myocardial bridge to myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis

Background Small case series have suggested an association of coronary myocardial bridge （MB） with myocardial infarction （MI）.However,the relationship between MB and major adverse cardiac events （MACE） remains largely unknown.The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between MB and MACE involving MI.Methods We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE,PreMEDLINE,and all EMB Reviews as well as a reference list of relevant articles according to the SPICO （Study design,Patient,Intervention,Control-intervention,and Outcome） criteria using the following keywords：myocardial bridging,myocardial bridge,intramural coronary artery,mural coronary artery,tunneled coronary artery,coronary artery overbridging,etc.Bibliographies of the retrieved publications were additionally hand searched.Studies were included for the meta-analysis if they satisfied the following criteria：（1） they evaluate the association of MB with cardiovascular endpoint event; （2） they included individuals with MB and those without MB; 3） they excluded individuals with obstructive coronary artery disease （CAD）.Studies were reviewed by a predetermined protocol including quality assessment.Dates were pooled using a random effect model.Results Seven observational studies that followed 5 486 patients eligible for the enrolled criteria were included from 7 136 initially identified articles.The prevalence of MB was 24.8％ （1 363/5 486）.During 0.5-7.0 years of follow-up of this cohort of population,crude outcome rates were 8.0％ in the MB group and 7.7％ in the non-MB group.The odds ratio of overall MACE and MI were 1.34 （95％ confidence interval （CI）：0.57-3.17,P=0.51,n=7 studies） and 2.75 （95％ CI：1.08-7.02,P ＜0.03,n=5 studies） respectively for subjects of MB compared to non-MB.Conclusion Relationship between MB and MI appears to be a real one,although the study did not reveal a connection of MB to MACE,suggesting whether the necessity of antiplatelet therapy needs to be further studied in a larger cohort of patients with MB prospectively.     

超声心肌造影技术对心肌梗塞患者心肌微循环的定量评价

目的：探讨超声心肌造影技术在心肌梗塞(简称心梗)患者心肌微循环灌注改变中的应用价值。方法：对30例急性心梗患者进行超声心动图及心肌造影检查,观察患者梗塞区域(AMI组,同时以患者非梗塞区域为自身对照组)心肌微循环灌注并以CPS造影软件进行分析。结果：心肌梗塞患者梗塞区域心肌微循环灌注开始时间(AT)、达峰时间(APT)较同一切面内的非梗塞区域明显延长（P<0.05）,梗塞区域造影剂灌注的峰值强度(PI)及灌注速度(β)均明显低于同一切面内的非梗塞区域（P<0.05）。结论：超声心肌造影技术可以定量评价心梗患者心肌微循环灌注,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Factors affecting thrombolysis in myocardial infarction myocardial perfusion frame count: insights of myocardial tissue-level reperfusion from a novel index for assessing myocardial perfusion

Background  Myocardial tissue-level perfusion failure is associated with adverse outcomes following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) despite successful epicardial recanalization. We have developed a new quantitative index—thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) myocardial perfusion frame count (TMPFC)—for assessing myocardial tissue level perfusion. However, factors affecting this novel index of myocardial perfusion are currently unknown.

Methods  A total of 255 consecutive STEMI patients undergoing primary angioplasty were enrolled. Myocardial tissue level perfusion was assessed by TMPFC, which measures the filling and clearance of contrast in the myocardium using cine-angiographic frame counting. We differentiate three groups with two cut off values for TMPFC: a TMPFC of 90 frames was the upper boundary of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the TMPFC observed in normal arteries, and a TMPFC of 130 was the 75th percentile of TMPFC.

Results  STEMI patients with TMPFC >130 frames (68 patients, 26.7%) had higher clinical and angiographic risk factor profiles as well as a higher 30-day MACE rate compared with those with TMPFC ≤90 frames and those with TMPFC >90 and ≤130 frames. Multivariable analysis identified that the independent predictors of TMPFC >130 frames were age ≥75 years (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.58, P=0.007), diabetes (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.86, P=0.042), Killip class ≥2 (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.21, P=0.027), and prolonged pain-to-balloon time (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.79, P=0.013). TMPFC >130 frames was identified as the strongest independent predictor of 30-day major adverse cardiac event (MACE) (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.21 to 6.31, P=0.008), along with age ≥75 years (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.11 to 4.33, P=0.016), female gender (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.70, P=0.038), and Killip class ≥2 (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.14, P=0.021).

Conclusions  STEMI patients with poor myocardial perfusion assessed by TMPFC had higher risk factor profiles. Advanced age, diabetes, higher Killip class, and longer ischemia time were independent predictors of impaired TMPFC after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. These results emphasize that particular attention should be paid on myocardial microvascular reperfusion in STEMI patients with these risk factors.