艾滋病合并肺结核21例临床分析

目的：探讨艾滋病合并肺结核的临床特点，以提高艾滋病合并肺结核患者的诊断治疗水平。方法：对21例艾滋病合并肺结核的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：结核病大多出现在艾滋病出现机会性感染之前，发热、盗汗、消瘦、全身不良等症状较普通结核病患者明显，排茵率较高，PPD阳性率与结核抗体阳性率较低。结论：对有输血史、卖血史、吸毒史及：洼乱等HIV易感染因素的肺结核患者应做HIV检测，早诊断，并根据患者的病情选择抗痨方案治疗。     

艾滋病并发肺结核23例临床分析

目的:探讨艾滋病合并肺结核的临床特点,以提高艾滋病合并肺结核患者的诊断治疗水平.方法:对23例AIDS合并肺结核患者的临床诊治进行回顾性分析.结果:本组23例AIDS合并肺结核患者住院期间症状、体征和胸部X线4周内好转4例,4～8周好转9例,8周以上好转7例,病情恶化或放弃治疗自动出院2例,死亡1例.结论:重视HIV/TB双重感染,进一步提高HIV/AIDS并发结核诊治水平,及时发现艾滋患者并给予抗结核治疗,对延长患者生存期,提高生活质量,控制传染源,减少对健康人群的传播具有重要意义.     

352例艾滋病合并肺结核与单纯肺结核临床对照分析

目的：对照分析艾滋病合并肺结核与单纯肺结核临床表现。方法：2005年10月至2015年10月艾滋病合并肺结核患者共计352例,设置为艾滋病合并肺结核组。另选择符合相同时间段的单纯肺结核患者350例,设置为单纯肺结核组。对两组患者的临床表现、痰液涂片培养结果及影像学检出情况进行临床对照分析。结果：艾滋病合并肺结核组患者发热、体重下降临床症状发生率分别为87．80％（302／352）、100％（352／352）,均明显高于单纯肺结核组（P ＜0．05）。艾滋病合并肺结核组患者抗酸染色、痰结核分歧杆菌、血清结核抗体、PPD 阳性检出率均明显低于单纯肺结核组（P ＜0．05）。艾滋病合并肺结核组患者影像学显示空洞率为11．08％（39／352）,明显低于单纯肺结核组[30．00％（105／350）,P ＜0．05]。结论：艾滋病合并肺结核患者的临床表现缺乏显著特异性,以发热、体重下降为主,临床需依据疾病特征,综合痰液培养、影像学结果作出明确诊断,以早期明确治疗。     

HIV/AIDS合并肺结核的CT表现与肺功能相关性初步研究

目的研究HIV/AIDS合并肺结核患者不同CT成像与肺功能检查（PFT）相关性.方法收集60例HIV/AIDS合并肺结核患者的全部CT资料及肺功能测定结果,与同期住院的30例无肺结核的HIV/AIDS患者和30例单纯肺结核患者设为对照组.定量分析肺内病变程度范围并进行评分,与肺功能指标做相关性分析.结果 60例患者肺结核CT表现为空洞2例、下肺斑片结节26例、胸膜病变5例、间质病变12例、混合病变15例.单纯HIV/AIDS组的各项肺功能指标明显优于HIV/AIDS合并肺结核组和单纯肺结核组,比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.空洞、斑片结节和混合病变对应的肺功能损伤较重.CT评分结果与肺功能测定呈负相关.结论结核感染的不同程度肺功能损伤与CT影像存在相关性.两者相结合有助于提高HIV/AIDS合并结核诊断率,肺功能检查可作为HIV/AIDS合并肺结核感染的辅助诊断手段.     

关于结核病/艾滋病双重感染病人病死率高的原因分析

目的 通过对结核病人群合并艾滋病病毒感染以及艾滋病患者合并结核菌感染病人死亡原因分析,了解结核病/艾滋病双重感染病人与各类因素的相关性,达到早发现,早诊断,早治疗,延长TB/HIV双感病人的生命和提高他们生存质量的目的.方法 通过对东湖区第五轮全球基金结核病/艾滋病双重感染防治项目开展三年来,我区已筛查出的24例TB/HIV双重感染病人中死亡原因的研究.结果 结核病是艾滋病病毒感染者和病人常见的机会性感染和主要死亡原因.结论 控制结核病感染和提高艾滋病合并肺结核双重感染的认识是降低结核病/艾滋病双重感染病人病死率的关键.     

352例艾滋病合并肺结核与单纯肺结核临床对照分析

目的:对照分析艾滋病合并肺结核与单纯肺结核临床表现。方法:2005年10月至2015年10月艾滋病合并肺结核患者共计352例,设置为艾滋病合并肺结核组。另选择符合相同时间段的单纯肺结核患者350例,设置为单纯肺结核组。对两组患者的临床表现、痰液涂片培养结果及影像学检出情况进行临床对照分析。结果:艾滋病合并肺结核组患者发热、体重下降临床症状发生率分别为87.80%(302/352)、100%(352/352),均明显高于单纯肺结核组(P0.05)。艾滋病合并肺结核组患者抗酸染色、痰结核分歧杆菌、血清结核抗体、PPD阳性检出率均明显低于单纯肺结核组(P0.05)。艾滋病合并肺结核组患者影像学显示空洞率为11.08%(39/352),明显低于单纯肺结核组[30.00%(105/350),P0.05]。结论:艾滋病合并肺结核患者的临床表现缺乏显著特异性,以发热、体重下降为主,临床需依据疾病特征,综合痰液培养、影像学结果作出明确诊断,以早期明确治疗。     

HIV/AIDS合并肺结核与单纯肺结核患者临床特征分析

目的 增强对HIV/AIDS合并肺结核与单纯肺结核患者临床特征的认识.方法 收集云南省昆明市第三人民医院2010年1月至2011年1月收治的HIV/AIDS合并肺结核初治患者42例设为A组,同期住院的单纯肺结核患者50例设为B组,两组进行回顾性对照分析.结果 A组与B组比较临床表现中的肺外结核发生率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),实验室检查中PPD实验、免疫功能,比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).影像学检查A组与B组比较影像学病变范围具有明显统计学差异(P<0.01).结论 HIV/AIDS合并肺结核与单纯肺结核患者临床表现不同,诊断与治疗应综合分析及多样化治疗.     

艾滋病与肺结核双重感染8例分析

为提高对艾滋病与肺结核双重感染的重视，对1995年1月－1999年12月间在广泛市胸科医院诊断的8例艾滋病合并肺结核患者进行分析。结果：8例艾滋病与肺结核患者临床表现为均有发热，咳嗽，咳痰，体重减轻8例，胸痛2例，气促2例，慢性腹泻2例，多处淋巴结肿大3例，结果提示，因艾滋病与肺结核双重感染临床表现无特异性，容易造成对艾滋病的漏诊，除应加强对艾滋病的预防宣传工作外，还应做到早诊断，早治疗，对高危人群应及早进行HIV检测。     

肺结核合并艾滋病的护理策略

目的 探讨肺结核合并艾滋病的护理工作重点和注意事项.方法 对27 例肺结核合并艾滋病患者护理中,在严格掌握肺结核优先治疗和两病同时治疗指征基础上,综合加强饮食护理、药物护理、健康教育、心理护理、消毒隔离等护理手段.结果 25 例患者病情得到控制,好转出院,2 例因经济原因自动出院.结论 对肺结核合并艾滋病患者加强饮食、药物、心理护理和健康教育、消毒隔离,可有效控制感染,明显提高患者的生存质量,同时有效遏制肺结核及HIV的传播和漫延.     

艾滋病合并肺结核与单纯肺结核临床特征及胸部CT差异性研究

目的分析比较艾滋病合并肺结核与单纯肺结核的临床特征及胸部CT影像学表现的差异性。方法将我院200例肺结核患者作为研究对象,其中艾滋病合并肺结核患者100例,单纯肺结核患者100例,收集其临床资料,包括临床特征、实验室检查、胸部CT影像学表现。结果艾滋病合并肺结核患者胸痛、发热、纳差、贫血、低蛋白血症、真菌感染比例均高于单纯肺结核患者(P<0.05);艾滋病合并肺结核PPD试验阳性率、抗酸杆菌涂片阳性率均低于单纯肺结核患者(P<0.05);艾滋病合并肺结核患者CT表现中粟粒性阴影、磨玻璃密度影、斑片或大片实变影、纵膈淋巴结增大比例、胸膜增厚、纵隔淋巴结增大比例高于单纯肺结核患者(P<0.05),空洞样病变、钙化比例、增殖性病灶比例、支气管壁增厚比例均低于单纯肺结核患者(P<0.05)。结论艾滋病合并肺结核与单纯肺结核患者临床特征及胸部CT表现均存在一定差异,临床医师需结合患者临床特征和胸部CT检查情况,同时结合CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数水平,以提高疾病诊治效能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.