我院ICU病房2008年鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性分析

目的 了解2008年我院重症监护病房(ICU)患者鲍曼不动杆菌感染的临床特点及耐药趋势,分析引起ICU鲍曼不动杆菌感染的原因,指导临床正确面对鲍曼不动杆菌感染,合理使用抗生素.方法 做细菌培养及鉴定,并以纸片法(K-B法)测定一年来150株鲍曼不动杆菌对16种抗菌药的耐药率.结果 共分离鉴定鲍曼不动杆菌150株,其中源于呼吸道的105株,占68 %,居首位;鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药,耐药率最低的是亚胺培南2.2 %,其次是头孢哌酮/舒巴坦3.7%.结论 鲍曼不动杆菌已成为医院感染尤其是ICU感染的主要致病菌,在抗生素治疗过程中极易变异而形成多重耐药;对多重耐药的鲍曼不动杆菌感染的患者应以亚胺培南和β-内酰胺酶抗菌抑制剂作为第一线抗菌药物;病情严重尤其是全耐药时,可联合用药,提高疗效.耐碳青霉烯类药物菌株的出现,提示临床用抗菌药物时应严格掌握用药指标.ICU病房应加强消毒隔离措施,阻隔各种可能的传播媒介,避免鲍曼不动杆菌的交叉感染.     

2008-2013年鲍曼不动杆菌的分布及耐药分析

目的监测临床标本中鲍曼不动杆菌的分离率、分布特点及耐药情况,为临床抗菌药物的使用提供依据。方法对2008-2013年临床分离的1 210株鲍曼不动杆菌分布科室、感染特点及15种常用抗生素耐药率进行统计分析。结果分离的鲍曼不动杆菌以呼吸道感染为主,重症监护病房(ICU)为主要检出科室,标本来源以痰最多占84.6%,其次为分泌物。鲍曼不动杆菌检出率呈逐年增高趋势,从2008年的7.1%上升至2013年的11.9%,并有季节性差异,以二、三季度分离菌株数较多。鲍曼不动杆菌对15种常用抗生素耐药率呈不同程度的增加,全耐药菌株明显增多,从2008年的0株上升至2013年的50株。结论鲍曼不动杆菌的分离率逐年增加,以二、三季度感染率较高,泛耐药性愈加严重,全耐药菌株明显增加。合理使用抗生素、控制医院感染的发生乃当务之急。     

2007-2011年鲍曼不动杆菌耐药分析

目的 动态监测上海市第六人民医院2007-201 1年鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性及发展趋势,为临床合理应用抗生素提供依据.方法 采用西门子公司德灵WalkAway-40鉴定系统对菌株进行鉴定,用K-B纸片扩散法进行药敏试验.用WHONET5.4软件进行统计分析.结果 鲍曼不动杆菌的分离率从2007年的227株上升至2011年的346株,菌株酎药性强.对头胞吡肟由2007年的42.6%上升到2011年的72.8%,对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦由2007年的42.3%上升到12011年的74.4%,对亚胺培能由2007年的1 6%上升到2011年的/62.6%,耐药率明显增高.泛耐株2007年为7%,2008年为1 4%,2009年为35%,2010年为37%,2011年为46%,增长趋势明显.结论 多重耐药的鲍曼不动杆菌在临床感染中已普遍存在,PDRA(泛耐药菌株)的增长趋势也逐年增高,临床应高度重视多重耐药及PDRA(泛耐药菌株)的鲍曼不动杆菌,合理使用抗生素.     

ICU与非ICU病房鲍曼不动杆菌临床分布及耐药性分析

[摘要]　目的　统计分析大连医科大学附属第一医院鲍曼不动杆菌的临床分布及对常用抗菌药物的耐药性,并比较ICU病房与非ICU病房分离的鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药率差异。　方法　2013年1月至2014年3月共分离鲍曼不动杆菌801株,其中ICU病房519株,占64.79%;非ICU病房282株,占35.21%。标本主要来源于痰液、尿液、血液、胸腹水、脑脊液、伤口分泌物等。利用全自动细菌鉴定及药敏分析仪进行细菌鉴定及药敏测定,补充药敏试验采用K-B纸片扩散法。采用WHONET软件对鲍曼不动杆菌分布及耐药性进行分析。　结果　801株鲍曼不动杆菌对15种所测抗生素均具有较高耐药性,其中对米诺环素耐药率略低,为31.5%。ICU病房来源鲍曼不动杆菌对每种抗生素的耐药率均显著高于非ICU病房,差异具有非常显著性意义。　结论　ICU病房来源的鲍曼不动杆菌耐药率显著高于非ICU病房分离株,加强鲍曼不动杆菌的控制与监测,临床医师更应结合药敏试验结果合理使用抗菌药物以降低鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药率。     

潍坊市人民医院2016年～2020年神经外科患者分离鲍曼不动杆菌临床分布与耐药变迁

目的 了解我院神经外科鲍曼不动杆菌的临床分布情况以及耐药性变迁,为控制鲍曼不动杆菌院内感染提供理论依据。方法 收集我院神经外科2016年～2020年分离的鲍曼不动杆菌菌株,以质谱仪和药敏纸片鉴定细菌菌种,对临床13种常用抗菌药物进行细菌药敏实验。利用WHONET5.6和SPSS23.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 2016年～2020年分离出的鲍曼不动杆菌数分别为172株、149株、136株、169株和79株。标本种类以痰标本居多,达到95%以上;病种以脑血管病和颅脑损伤居多;神经外科普通病房分离率逐年增多,神经外科ICU病房分离率逐年下降,但神经外科ICU病房的耐药率普遍高于普通病房。结论 2016年～2020年我院神经外科分离鲍曼不动杆菌总体呈下降趋势,鲍曼不动杆菌对抗菌药物的耐药率也呈下降趋势,但是普通病房分离率逐年上升,应引起重视。ICU病房来源的鲍曼不动杆菌耐药率普遍高于普通病房,临床应合理选择抗菌药物,加强耐药性防控检测。     

某院重症监护病房鲍曼不动杆菌医院感染调查及分析

目的调查某院ICU下呼吸道鲍曼不动杆菌感染的危险因素和传播媒介,为采取有效的预防和控制措施提供依据。方法对某院ICU病房7例病人2011年11月21日～12月26日发生下呼吸道鲍曼不动杆菌院内感染进行流行病学调查分析。结果在ICU病房33d内陆续出现7例病人发生下呼吸道鲍曼不动杆菌院内感染,其中3例为泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌暴发,其他4例为多耐药菌株的散发病例。结论患者基础疾病严重、侵入性操作过多,部分医务人员无菌观念淡薄、长期使用抗菌药物等是造成此次流行的主要原因,医务人员、保洁人员手及医疗环境污染是主要的传播媒介。     

下呼吸道感染鲍曼不动杆菌的病原学与耐药性分析

目的了解本院下呼吸道感染鲍曼不动杆菌病原学与耐药分析,为临床提供抗感染治疗的依据。方法对2009年临床下呼吸道标本分离出的108株鲍曼不动杆菌进行回顾性分析,以CLSI推荐的纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。结果共检出108株鲍曼不动杆菌,细菌感染主要分布在ICU、呼吸内科、神经外科。药敏结果显示：鲍曼不动杆菌对常用抗生素耐药性严重。对头孢哌酮,舒巴坦、粘菌素耐药率较低,分别为12．7％、3．5％。对亚胺培南耐药率21．3％。尤其以ICU为主。结论鲍曼不动杆菌是医院感染主要病原菌之一,易引起呼吸道感染,应引起临床科室的高度重视,合理应用抗菌药物以减少多重耐药菌株的产生。     

鲍曼不动杆菌在ICU的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的:了解我院重症监护病房鲍曼氏不动杆菌的临床分布情况及其耐药性,为指导ICU合理用药及控制该菌感染提供依据。方法:收集我院ICU2012年1月~2013年12月住院患者各类标本中分离出的鲍曼不动杆菌,采用HX-21细菌鉴定分析仪进行鉴定,纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。结果:2012年1月~2013年12月共检出鲍曼氏不动杆菌69株,检出率为11.8%,分离的鲍曼氏不动杆菌主要来自于痰标本,占76.8%,其次是分泌物和引流液,分别占10.1%、7.3%.鲍曼氏不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类(亚胺培南和美罗培南)耐药率最低,但也出现不同程度的耐药性,其次为-内酰胺类抗生素及酶抑制剂。结论:鲍曼氏不动杆菌是ICU患者呼吸道感染的主要病原菌,由于抗生素的不合理应用导致其耐药性呈上升趋势,而亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦仍是治疗该菌较理想的药物,ICU在治疗该菌感染时应根据药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物,防止医院感染的发生和耐药菌株的播散。     

重症监护病房革兰阴性杆菌流行状况及耐药性分析

目的了解我院重症监护病房(ICU)常见革兰阴性杆菌的分布状况及其耐药特点,为临床抗感染治疗提供依据。方法对2008年6月—2011年6月我院ICU治疗198例病人标本中分离出的革兰阴性杆菌分布状况及其耐药情况进行回顾性分析。结果共检出革兰阴性杆菌491株,以肠杆菌科细菌和非发酵革兰阴性杆菌为主,检出率居前5位的菌株依次为鲍曼不动杆菌143株(29.12%),大肠埃希菌98株(19.96%),铜绿假单胞菌95株(19.35%),肺炎克雷伯菌75株(15.27%),奇异变形杆菌22株(4.48%)。491株分离菌株主要来自呼吸道,占总分离数的50%以上。491株病原菌对临床常用抗菌药物耐药较为普遍,检出泛耐药菌株43株,其中鲍曼不动杆菌40株,铜绿假单胞菌3株。结论革兰阴性杆菌是ICU病人常见感染菌株,对常用抗菌药物耐药率较高,且呈多药耐药,应加强ICU细菌耐药监测。     

苏州地区2004年至2007年铜绿假单孢菌和鲍曼不动杆菌医院感染调查分析

目的探讨苏州地区住院患者医院感染铜绿假单孢菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的状况及耐药特点。方法采用回顾性调查方法,分析苏州地区2O04年至2007年32所医院的住院患者医院感染铜绿假单孢菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的情况。结果2004年至2007年32所医院共发生院内感染17668例,其中铜绿假单孢菌1334例（7.55%）,鲍曼不动杆菌1187例（6.72%）。铜绿假单孢菌和鲍曼不动杆菌感染部位主要以下呼吸道为主,两者分别占85.01%、86.69%;感染科室则主要分布在神经外科、ICU病房、呼吸内科。从2004年至2006年铜绿假单孢菌和鲍曼不动杆菌对各种抗生素的耐药率呈逐年升高趋势,2007年有所下降。结论苏州地区院内感染铜绿假单孢菌和鲍曼不动杆菌发生率呈逐年上升趋势,各医院应高度重视,进一步加强对医院感染工作的管理,采取有效措施,控制院内感染铜绿假单孢菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的发生及耐药率的升高。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.