新生儿接种乙肝疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋白的免疫效果分析

目的:研究新生儿接种乙肝疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋白的免疫效果.方法:本次研究选取的研究对象为在本院住院分娩的HBsAg阳性孕妇220名和HBsAg阴性孕妇180名,分别纳入HBsAg阳性组、HBsAg阴性组,收治时间为2014年11月1日~2016年8月31日,HBsAg阳性孕妇所生新生儿接种10μg乙肝疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋白,HBsAg阴性孕妇所生新生儿接种5μg或10μg乙肝疫苗,对比血清学指标和母婴阻断情况.结果:HBsAg阳性组中接种10μg乙肝疫苗组新生儿的HBsAg阳性率和抗-HBs阳性率同接种10μg乙肝疫苗+100IU乙肝免疫球蛋白组的新生儿相比不存在较大的差距(P>0.05);HBsAg阴性组中接种5μg乙肝疫苗组新生儿的HBsAg阳性率和抗-HBs阳性率与接种10μg乙肝疫苗组的新生儿进行对比差异较小(P>0.05);HBsAg阳性组中接种10μg乙肝疫苗+100IU乙肝免疫球蛋白组的母婴阻断成功率比接种10μg乙肝疫苗组高(P<0.05).结论:针对HBsAg阴性孕妇所生的新生儿,实施接种5μg或10μg乙肝疫苗的免疫效果较好;针对HBsAg阳性孕妇所生的新生儿,采取接种10μg乙肝疫苗和100IU乙肝免疫球蛋白的免疫方案效果良好.     

北京市朝阳区流动人口乙型肝炎预防 健康知识的现状分析

目的 了解北京市朝阳区流动人口乙型肝炎（以下简称乙肝）预防健康知识现状,为制定流动 人口健康教育策略提供依据。方法 采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,选择北京市朝阳区居住≥ 6 个月且年 龄≥ 18 岁外来务工人员1 136 例进行面对面问卷调查。结果 乙肝传播途径中,乙肝母婴传播和不经日常生 活接触传播的知晓率分别为56.43% 和51.14%。知晓新生儿出生后24 h 内接种乙肝疫苗的占59.95% ;知晓目 前预防乙肝最主要方法是接种乙肝疫苗的占63.12% ;明确知道自己已全程接种乙肝疫苗/ 甲乙肝联合疫苗的 占19.10% ;乙肝预防健康素养具备率为52.20%。采用多因素Logistic 回归分析显示,年龄、工作场所、文化 程度及是否认为有必要接种乙肝疫苗是影响乙肝预防健康素养具备率的主要因素（P <0.05）。结论 流动人 口的乙肝防控健康教育应重点突出乙肝疫苗接种和乙肝传播途径这两方面知识,重视对建筑工地工作者的健 康教育,并加强对≤ 30 岁年龄人群和小学及以下学历人群的健康教育。     

新生儿接种乙肝疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋白免疫效果的分析

目的:通过接种不同剂量的乙肝疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋白,观察免疫效果。方法:将分娩孕妇随机分为阴性组和阳性组,其中阴性组随机分为两组,新生儿分别接种5ug乙肝疫苗联合100IU乙肝免球蛋白和5μg乙肝疫苗。阳性组新生儿接种均接种5ug乙肝疫苗和100IU乙肝免疫球蛋白。观察阳性组分娩孕妇所生的新生儿接种疫苗后阻断效果,同时比较阴性组不同疫苗接种方式的免疫效果。结果:阴性组新生儿两组接种后比较:接种5ug乙肝疫苗联合100IU乙肝免球蛋白抗-HBs产生率稍高于接种5μg乙肝疫苗新生儿,但经过统计学分析差异无统计学意义,P0.05。阳性组接种22例中有2例未达到阻断效果。结论:HbsAg阴性母亲新生儿,仍可推行5ug乙肝疫苗联合100IU乙肝免球蛋白接种方法;而对HbsAg阳性母亲新生儿5ug乙肝疫苗和100IU乙肝免疫球蛋白联合接种方法也可以明显降低乙肝的感染率,可达到一定的阻断效果。     

核苷类抗病毒药物阻断乙肝病毒母婴传播的研究进展

核苷类抗病毒药物能降低孕妇血中乙肝病毒载量,核苷类抗病毒药物联合新生儿接种乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)、乙肝疫苗,阻断乙肝病毒母婴传播效果比新生儿单纯接种HBIG、乙肝疫苗的效果更好。孕妇和胎儿安全性等问题尚需深入研究。慢性乙型肝炎和携带病毒的孕妇可以考虑服用核苷类抗病毒药物,提高阻断乙肝病毒母婴传播的效果。     

乙肝疫苗联合乙肝免疫球蛋白阻断乙肝病毒母婴传播的临床效果

目的：探讨乙肝免疫球蛋白（HBIG）和乙肝疫苗联合阻断乙肝病毒（HBV）母婴传播的疗效。方法：选择2014年12月~2015年12月间246例HBsAg阳性孕妇为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为观察组及对照组,均123例。对照组仅新生儿单独接种乙肝疫苗,观察组孕妇及新生儿均联合接种乙肝疫苗和HBIG。结果：对照组及观察组新生儿中出现宫内HBV感染率分别为22.76%和9.76%,一年后对照组及观察组新生儿中HBV感染率分别16.26%和1.63%,两组间差异均存在统计学意义。对照组及观察组新生儿出生时及一年后对应HBsAb阳性率分别为8.13%、76.42%和27.64%、94.31%,两组差异存在统计学意义。结论：孕妇及新生儿乙肝免疫球蛋白和乙肝疫苗联合应用能够有效降低HBsAg阳性情况患者所产新生儿HBV感染率,同时能使新生儿对应的HBsAb转阳率有效提高,最终使HBV的传播阻断率提高。     

乙肝免疫球蛋白和乙肝疫苗联合免疫阻断母婴垂直传播的疗效观察

目的 研究对HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性母亲及其所生的新生儿采用不同的阻断方法,观察阻断母婴传播的效果有何不同.方法 将104名HBsAg,HBeAg双阳性孕妇随机分为两组,对照组(A组)孕妇48名,联合免疫组(B组)孕妇56名.A组孕妇只作常规体检,新生儿只接受乙肝疫苗免疫;B组孕妇于妊娠的28,32,36周各肌注乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)2001U,新生儿应用乙型肝炎疫苗加乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白.两组婴儿均随访1年,满周岁时抽血检测HBsAg和杭一HBs.结果 两组的HBsAg阳性率分别为20.41%、7.14%,其中采用乙肝疫苗与乙肝免疫球蛋白联合免疫组HBsAg阳性率显著低于单独采用乙肝疫苗免疫组,两组间有显著性差异[X2=3.99;P＜0.05]A组的免疫保护率73.47%,B组的免疫保护率91.07%,两种方案之间有显著性差异[X2=4.53P＜0.05].结论 乙肝免疫球蛋白与乙肝疫苗联合免疫对母婴垂直传播的阻断效果优于单独接种乙肝疫苗.     

乙肝免疫球蛋白和乙肝疫苗联合免疫阻断母婴垂直传播的疗效观察

目的 研究对HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性母亲及其所生的新生儿采用不同的阻断方法,观察阻断母婴传播的效果有何不同.方法 将104名HBsAg,HBeAg双阳性孕妇随机分为两组,对照组(A组)孕妇48名,联合免疫组(B组)孕妇56名.A组孕妇只作常规体检,新生儿只接受乙肝疫苗免疫;B组孕妇于妊娠的28,32,36周各肌注乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)2001U,新生儿应用乙型肝炎疫苗加乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白.两组婴儿均随访1年,满周岁时抽血检测HBsAg和杭一HBs.结果 两组的HBsAg阳性率分别为20.41%、7.14%,其中采用乙肝疫苗与乙肝免疫球蛋白联合免疫组HBsAg阳性率显著低于单独采用乙肝疫苗免疫组,两组间有显著性差异[X2=3.99;P＜0.05]A组的免疫保护率73.47%,B组的免疫保护率91.07%,两种方案之间有显著性差异[X2=4.53P＜0.05].结论 乙肝免疫球蛋白与乙肝疫苗联合免疫对母婴垂直传播的阻断效果优于单独接种乙肝疫苗.     

产前被动免疫对乙肝病毒携带孕妇初乳和婴儿的影响

我国是乙肝病毒(HBV)感染的高发区,乙肝表面抗原携带率高达10％-15％,母婴垂直传播占30％,是HBV传播的重要途径之一。我国自新生儿普及接种乙肝疫苗以来,新生儿乙肝感染率已经明显下降,但对于发生宫内感染的胎儿,出生后使用乙肝疫苗无效,且极易成为慢性HBV携带者。为预防围生期胎儿宫内感染,提高新生儿的免疫成功率,我院自2001年3月起对乙肝病毒携带孕妇产前采用乙肝免疫球蛋白的多次被动免疫治疗,以探讨婴儿感染及乳汁带乙肝病毒情况。     

慢性乙肝病毒感染孕妇之新生儿乙肝主/被动联合免疫效果观察

目的 观察乙肝免疫球蛋白及乙肝疫苗联合应用对于慢性乙肝病毒感染孕妇之新生儿的免疫效果.方法 对HBsAg阳性孕妇的新生儿193例,出生时留脐血检测乙肝病毒标志物,出生后12h内肌肉注射高效价乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)100～200 IU,重组酵母乙肝疫苗5μg按0、1、6方案注射.12月龄时检测静脉血清乙肝病毒标志物.结果 脐血HBsAg和/或HBeAg的阳性率:在孕妇HBsAg及HBeAg均阳性时为68.42%;孕妇HBsAg单阳性并HBV-DNA阳性时为14.29%;孕妇HBsAg单阳性并HBV-DNA阴性时为5.36%.12月龄时97.41%血清抗HBs阳性,2.07% HBsAg及HBeAg阳性;1例所有乙肝病毒标志物均阴性.结论 对慢性乙肝病毒感染孕妇之新生儿,通过采用HBIG加乙肝疫苗联合免疫,可使97.41%的新生儿获得保护性抗体,2.59% 新生儿免疫失败.免疫失败者其母亲均为HBsAg及HBeAg双阳性.     

新生儿乙肝疫苗接种不依从原因分析及护理对策

目的通过对健康新生儿乙肝疫苗接种情况进行系统性回顾分析,探讨新生儿乙肝疫苗接种不依从原因,从而提高新生儿乙肝疫苗接种率。方法选取我疾病控制中发放疫苗接种情况,采用自拟问卷调查的方式,从多方面分析影响疫苗不依从的因素。结果此次研究表明,其重要影响因素有未住院分娩、家长不作为、乙肝知识知晓得分低、新生儿母亲受教育程度低等。结论进一步加强对孕产妇、新生儿家属及预防接种人员乙肝预防知识的培训,全方面开展形式多样的乙肝接种知识宣传,有助于增高新生儿乙肝疫苗的接种率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.