56例肺血栓栓塞症临床分析

目的总结肺血栓栓塞症（PTE）的临床特征及辅助检查,提高临床医生对PTE发病机制及诊断治疗的认识。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2010年2月56例PTE患者的临床表现、危险因素、辅助检查结果、诊断、治疗和预后情况。结果 56例PTE患者危险因素以下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）最为常见占53.6%,PTE的临床表现缺乏特异性,以呼吸困难最为常见占82.1%,核素肺通气灌注扫描、肺增强螺旋CT、肺动脉造影为PTE确诊的重要手段。PTE治疗以抗凝及溶栓治疗为主。结论提高PTE的认识,早期诊断、及时治疗,可降低PTE病死率。     

肺血栓栓塞症合并下肢深静脉血栓临床分析

目的 探讨肺血栓栓塞症患者合并下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)临床特征.方法 对2009年1月至2018年5月北京医院收治的343例急性肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据合并下肢DVT情况分为近端DVT组、单纯下肢远端DVT (IDDVT)组和无DVT组.比较各组临床特征及预后情况.结果 343例PTE患...     

青年急性肺血栓栓塞症患者远期预后随访及影响因素分析

目的研究青年急性肺血栓栓塞症(APTE)患者的远期预后,分析远期预后的影响因素。方法收集整理81例1997年1月—2008年12月经北京安贞医院诊治出院且年龄≤44岁的APTE患者资料,通过电话、信访、门诊复查进行随访;以发生远期不良临床事件为观察终点,分析远期预后的影响因素。结果 81例患者中男52例(占64.2%),女29例(占35.8%)。既往静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)病史(41例,50.6%)、近期创伤、骨折、手术史(12例,14.8%)为常见危险因素,病因不明的自发性PTE 31例(38.3%)。远期预后良好、无明显并发症37例(45.7%),复发性VTE 5例(6.2%),栓塞后综合征29例(35.8%),慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压4例(4.9%),死亡6例(7.4%)。单因素分析显示既往VTE史、自发性PTE、合并下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)形成与远期预后相关,多因素分析显示既往VTE史〔OR=0.342,95%CI(0.134,0.876),P=0.025〕、合并下肢DVT〔OR=0.347,95%CI(0.129,0.923),P=0.036〕为远期预后的影响有统计学意义。结论青年APTE患者远期预后有半数以上发生慢性血栓不良事件;超过1/3的青年PTE患者发病原因不明,并且经单因素分析证实为远期预后影响因素;既往VTE病史及合并下肢DVT为影响远期预后的独立危险因素。     

以胸痛就诊的肺血栓栓塞症临床分析

目的研究以胸痛就诊肺血栓栓塞患者临床特点,希望对降低肺血栓栓塞患者的死亡率提供帮助。方法选取2006年2月～2011年4月就诊的晕厥患者856例作为观察对象,按照核素肺通气灌注显像检查结果将观察对象分为PTE组和非PTE组。按照胸痛发生原因,将非PE组患者分为心血管性胸痛、肺源性胸痛、胃肠源性胸痛、骨骼肌肉源性胸痛、带状疱疹性胸痛。分析PTE患者与非PTE患者性别、年龄、既往病史、其他伴随症状、体征的差别。结果胸痛患者中,10.2%的患者为PTE所至晕厥：各组患者性别构成、年龄均无显著性差异,PTE组具有3个以上静脉血栓危险因素的患者明显高于其他组：PTE组患者既往单下肢肿胀、气短、咯血、下肢腓肠肌压痛的发生率高于其他各组。结论以胸痛就诊的PTE患者常合并有多个静脉血栓的危险因素,其既往下肢肿胀的发生率高,常合并气短、咯血及腓肠肌挤压痛阳性     

肺血栓栓塞症44例临床分析

目的了解肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)的临床特点并提高诊断、治疗水平。方法回顾性分析44例PTE的临床表现及胸部影像学、肺通气灌注显像、下肢深静脉核素造影、下肢深静脉和心脏彩色多普勒超声检查、心电图和动脉血气分析的特点。结果深静脉血栓形成是导致PTE最主要的危险因素。慢性心肺疾息、风湿性疾病、糖尿病、外科手术、创伤、骨折和恶性肿瘤等也是其主要危险因素。本组患者无一例死亡。结论PTE仍极易被临床忽视、漏诊和误诊。应密切关注其临床特点、辅助检查结果并进行综合分析,以及时、准确地诊断及治疗。     

肺血栓栓塞症的临床分析

目的:分析总结急性肺血栓栓塞症的临床特征、诊断方法及治疗,以提高其诊断率和治愈率,降低误诊率和病死率。方法:对我院24例肺血栓栓塞症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)的临床表现多样,首发症状多为呼吸困难、胸闷,深静脉血栓形成是导致PTE的最主要危险因素,D—二聚体测定可做为筛查疑似肺栓塞的高度敏感但非特异的方法,积极溶栓、抗凝治疗可有效降低病死率。结论:临床医生应加强肺栓塞的诊断意识,规范化诊断治疗,可明显改善其预后。     

D-二聚体阴性肺血栓栓塞症患者临床分析

目的：提高对D-二聚体阴性的肺血栓栓塞症（pulmonary thromboembolism,PTE）的认识。方法：对我院2006年1月-2012年12月间初诊D-二聚体阴性11例患者的发病时间、危险因素、临床症状及CT肺动脉造影（comput-ed tomography pulmonary angiography,CTPA）、下肢静脉彩色多普勒超声、超声心动图、预后进行回顾性分析。结果：平均发病时间为（11.5±7.8） d。10例有危险因素,1例未发现明显危险因素。Wells量表积分显示1例患病概率为不太可能,10例患病概率为很可能。6例经超声发现下肢深静脉血栓。超声心动图1例发现附壁血栓,10例见不同程度肺动脉压升高。CTPA见主肺动脉及肺段动脉栓塞。11例患者均经抗凝治疗,无死亡及复发病例。结论：对于临床可疑PTE的患者,不能仅仅依靠D-二聚体检测去筛选,应综合危险因素、临床量表、超声检查等结果进行分析,必要时可进行CTPA等确诊检查以明确诊断。     

肺动脉栓塞12例尸检临床病理分析

目的分析肺动脉栓塞的临床病理特征,提高临床对肺动脉栓塞(PTE)的认识水平,减少漏诊、误诊发生率。方法回顾分析我院1963年—2002年尸检证实的肺动脉栓塞12例临床及病理资料。结果12例均存在血栓性疾病的相关危险因素,基础疾病包括心脏疾病并充血性心力衰竭、肺肿瘤、创伤和手术、肺结核、肺炎、下肢静脉炎。伴发肺梗死7例。仅1例生前正确诊断。结论PTE的临床诊断困难,提高对PTE危险因素及临床规律的认识,有助于提高PTE的诊治水平,对高度怀疑者,尽早进入诊断程序。     

66例肺血栓栓塞症外科临床诊断分析

目的：分析肺血栓栓塞症（PTE）的病因、临床特点、诊断,提高对肺血栓拴塞症的认识和诊断水平。方法：将1998年7月～2003年12月间确诊的66例肺血栓栓塞症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：肺血栓栓塞症病人近年明显增加。61～70岁肺血栓栓塞症患者所占的比例最高。深静脉血栓形成（DVT）是导致PTE的最主要危险因素;慢性心肺疾患、外科手术、创伤及骨折和恶性肿瘤也是PTE的主要危险因素。院内院外误、漏诊达57．6％。66例肺血栓栓塞症患者中,血气分析示低氧血症者占91．2％,D—二聚体（D-Dimer）≥0．5mg／L占89．5％,超声心动图呈典型改变者占70％,肺灌注扫描诊断肺血栓栓塞症阳性率96．3％,CT肺血管造影（CTPA）阳性率95．4％。结论：肺血栓栓塞症临床表现多样,常因症状无特异性,临床易出现误诊、误治;PTE发病率与易患因素密切相关;应加强关注其临床特征并综合加以分析。血气分析、D—二聚体、超声心动图检查可作为方便快捷的筛选指标,CTPA、肺灌注扫描显像等无创性检查对诊断PTE准确可靠,具有重要临床价值。     

急性肺血栓栓塞症44例临床诊治分析

目的 探讨44例急性肺血栓栓塞症患者的临床特点与治疗方法,提高对该病的早期认识.方法 回顾性分析44例急性肺血栓栓塞症患者的危险因素、临床特点和治疗方法.结果 急性肺血栓栓塞症的危险因素为下肢静脉血栓、近期手术史、长期卧床、慢性阻塞性肺病、糖尿病、肿瘤等.临床症状以呼吸困难最常见,D-二聚体对急性肺血栓栓塞症敏感度达92%～100%,结合超声心动图、CT肺血管造影、核素肺通气/灌注显像等检查可明确诊断,积极溶栓、抗凝治疗可降低病死率.结论 D-二聚体可作为急性肺血栓塞症筛选检查,进行规范化治疗可显著改善预后.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.