关节镜监视下股骨端横杆式固定重建膝前十字韧带

目的介绍在关节镜监视下利用半腱及股薄肌腱重建膝关节前十字韧带的横杆式固定(Transfix)及其应用体会。方法对72例膝关节前十字韧带断裂患者取自体半腱及股薄肌腱作移植物,在关节镜下应用股骨端横杆、胫骨端界面螺钉固定进行前十字韧带重建,观察此固定方法的可靠性及近期术后疗效,以Lysholm评分评价手术前后膝关节功能。同时行半月板修补2例、部分切除31例、大部分切除8例,软骨损伤病灶修整16例,内侧副韧带修补15例,髌腱断裂修补1例。结果65例患者获随访,随访时间8￣36个月,平均20个月。关节活动度正常,8例患者查体有阳性结果,平均Lysholm评分由术前的(56±6.3)分提高到术后的(91±4.8)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。复查X线片见2例股骨及胫骨隧道均扩大,5例股骨隧道扩大,2例胫骨隧道近端扩大,未见关节间隙变窄。并发症:4例横杆打入不足,钉头外突,需再打入,2例于术后8及9个月出现横杆钉头突出;3例胫骨切口以下局部皮肤感觉麻木,经治疗后症状消失。结论应用腘绳肌腱股骨横杆式、胫骨界面挤压螺钉固定法重建膝关节前十字韧带的近期疗效佳,移植物固定可靠,手术操作简便。     

单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix固定重建前交叉韧带近期疗效观察

目的 探讨单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix固定重建前交叉韧带(ACL)中应用的可行性及近期疗效.方法 对30例ACL损伤患者行关节镜下单隧道双束腘绳肌腱ACL重建术.采用膝关节镜前内侧入路(AM)建立股骨隧道,胫骨端用点对点ACL瞄准器建立隧道.隧道股骨端采用Femoral-Intrafix固定将腘绳肌腱分为前内侧束及后外侧束.通过旋转胫骨端移植物,将移植物调整为生理的双束位置,采用Bio-Intrafix固定胫骨端.结果 30例均获随访,时间6～8个月.根据Lysholm膝关节功能评分:术前为19～58(33.17±11.71)分;术后6个月为88～98(95.30±2.10)分(t=30.20,P<0.01).结论 单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix固定重建ACL,手术操作简便,固定牢固,近期效果满意.     

腘绳肌腱结合双固定技术重建前交叉韧带

目的探讨采用腘绳肌腱股骨端胫骨端双固定技术重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的可行性及近期疗效。方法对25例ACL损伤行关节镜下ACL重建术,采用笔者自行设计双监视法解剖等长重建技术建立股骨胫骨隧道。移植物股骨端用Endobutton钢板和Rigidfix固定,胫骨端用Bio-Intrafix和Stample门形加压钉固定。结果本组获随访12～18(13.76±1.61)个月,未发现滑膜炎、韧带断裂、活动度明显障碍等并发症。根据Lysholm膝关节功能评分,术前评分:20～48(31.32±8.71)分;术后1年评分:90～98(94.96±2.56)分(t=37.69,P<0.01)。结论在腘绳肌腱重建ACL中应用股骨端胫骨端双固定技术具有手术操作简便,固定牢固,效果可靠的优点,值得推广。     

关节镜下重建前交叉韧带时可吸收界面螺钉股骨隧道内口固定技术探讨

目的:探讨运用自体4股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)时,磷酸三钙/聚乳酸(TCP/PLA)可吸收界面螺钉股骨隧道固定的有效方法,评价其临床疗效。方法:ACL损伤需行重建手术的患者27例,男18例,女9例;年龄21~48岁,平均34.5岁;左膝19例,右膝8例。所有患者均以4股自体腘绳肌腱为重建移植物,关节镜下以TCP/PLA可吸收界面螺钉固定股骨隧道,intrafix系统固定胫骨隧道重建ACL。术中注意股骨隧道周围的残端清理,过屈膝关节110°~120°,以使拧入可吸收界面螺钉与股骨隧道轴平行。达到坚强的内口固定。结果:27例中5例发生初次挤压失败。挤压螺钉螺母碎裂1例,隧道内脱空1例,脱空进入关节腔内3例。5例患者均进行挽救治疗后重新固定成功。27例患者均获得随访,随访时间10~18个月,平均14个月。Lachman试验:阴性14例;阳性Ⅰ度10例,阳性Ⅱ度3例。按Lysholm功能评分标准评估膝关节功能,术前平均为(53.1±3.9)分,终末随访时平均(93.3±3.1)分,差异有显著性统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:关节镜下TCP/PLA可吸收界面螺钉隧道内口固定、4股腘绳肌腱重建ACL能良好地恢复膝关节功能。掌握界面螺钉挤入股骨隧道内口的角度是移植物股骨隧道内固定的关键。     

腘绳肌腱移植单隧道双束保残重建前交叉韧带的疗效

目的:探讨腘绳肌腱单隧道双束保残重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的可行性及近期疗效。方法:自2011年8月至12月采用关节镜下腘绳肌腱单隧道双束保残重建ACL25例,其中男19例,女6例;年龄16～50岁,平均(26.26±9.53)岁;左侧15例,右侧10例;病程1～60d,平均9.6d;新鲜损伤20例,陈旧性损伤5例。新鲜损伤患者均有膝关节肿胀、疼痛,其中前抽屉试验阳性14例,Lachman试验阳性17例。5例陈旧性损伤膝关节疼痛,均有关节不稳,前抽屉试验及Lachman试验均阳性。采用膝关节镜髌腱入路保留ACL残端,前内侧入路(AM)建立股骨隧道,胫骨端用点对点ACL瞄准器建立隧道。隧道股骨端采用Femoral-Intrafix固定,将腘绳肌腱分为前内侧束及后外侧束。通过旋转胫骨端移植物,将移植物调整为生理的双束位置,采用Bio-Intrafix和staple固定胫骨端。所有患者术前及术后分别行前抽屉试验和Lachman试验,并采用Lysholm膝关节功能评分评价膝关节功能。结果:25例均获随访,时间12～18个月。根据Lysholm膝关节功能评分:术前25～49分,平均34.08±7.60;术后12个月89～98分,平均94.52±2.86(t=21.29,P<0.01)。术后评分高于术前。结论:腘绳肌腱单隧道双束保残重建ACL,手术操作简便,固定牢固,效果可靠。     

Rigidfix与Intrafix螺钉在前交叉韧带重建中的应用

目的探讨关节镜下应用可吸收Rigidfix横穿钉与Intrafix膨胀挤压螺钉固定4股单束自体腘绳肌腱,重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)的手术方法和临床疗效。方法 2009年7月至2012年7月芜湖市中医院关节二科共诊治45例ACL损伤患者,取自体腘绳肌腱4股单束在关节镜下使用Intrafix膨胀挤压螺钉固定胫骨端,Rigidfix横穿钉固定股骨端,重建ACL。观察术后膝关节的稳定性及疗效。结果本组45例患者术后均得到随访,随访12~48个月,平均32个月。关节功能良好,Lysholm评分术前(42.30±4.20)分,术后12个月(92.54±2.10)分,术后评分明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论关节镜下使用可吸收Rigidfix横穿钉与Intrafix膨胀挤压螺钉固定4股单束自体腘绳肌腱重建ACL,疗效肯定,操作简单,能够提供早期的初始稳定性和后期的生物稳定性,适宜基层医院临床应用推广。     

关节镜下股骨端保留骨量界面螺钉固定和胫骨端Intrafix系统固定在腘绳肌腱重建后交叉韧带中应用

目的探讨关节镜下股骨端保留骨量界面螺钉固定和胫骨端Intrafix系统固定在腘绳肌腱重建后交叉韧带(PCL)中应用的可行性及近期疗效。方法用腘绳肌腱对31例PCL损伤患者行关节镜下PCL重建术。采用PCL重建技术钻胫骨、股骨骨道,将腘绳肌腱拉入骨道,股骨端用1枚界面螺钉固定并保留隧道内上方的骨皮质,胫骨端用Intrafix固定韧带。结果手术时间40～90(60.16±14.05)min。无滑膜炎、韧带断裂、活动明显受限等并发症。31例均获随访,时间12～18(15.74±2.13)个月。根据Lysholm膝关节功能评分,术前19～49(30.77±11.62)分;术后88～98(92.94±2.26)分(t=28.65,P0.01)。结论关节镜下股骨端保留骨量界面螺钉固定和胫骨端Intrafix系统固定在腘绳肌腱重建PCL操作简便,固定牢固,效果可靠。     

单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix固定重建后交叉韧带

目的 探讨单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix固定在重建后交叉韧带(PCL)中应用的可行性及近期疗效.方法 对16例PCL损伤患者行关节镜下单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix PCL重建术.采用膝关节镜前内入路(AM)建立股骨隧道,胫骨端用PCL瞄准器建立隧道.股骨端采用Femoral-Intrafix固定,将腘绳肌腱分为前外侧束及后内侧束.通过旋转胫骨端移植物,将移植物调整为生理的双束位置,采用Bio-Intrafix固定胫骨端.结果 16例均获随访,时间8～14(11.81 ±1.91)个月.未见滑膜炎、韧带断裂等并发症发生.根据Lysholm 膝关节功能评分:术前为20 ～47(32.63±8.03)分,术后8个月为85 ～97(91.44 ±3.72)分,差异有统计学意义(t=44.20,P＜0.01).结论 单隧道双束腘绳肌腱双Intrafix固定重建PCL,手术操作简便,固定牢固,近期效果满意.     

关节镜下解剖中心点定位技术结合六股自体腘绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带

目的 探讨关节镜下解剖中心点定位技术结合6股自体腘绳肌腱单束重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的临床效果.方法 对21例ACL损伤患者在关节镜下利用解剖中心点定位技术结合6股自体腘绳肌腱进行重建,移植物使用悬吊式固定.手术前后采用Lysholm膝关节功能评价表和Tegner下肢运动能力评价表进行评估,并了解膝关节的稳定性、活动度...     

双监视法解剖等长重建结合Rigidfix和Intrafix固定技术重建前交叉韧带

目的探讨双监视法解剖等长重建结合Rigidfix和Intrafix固定技术在腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带（ACL）中应用的可行性及近期疗效。方法对17例ACL损伤行关节镜下ACL重建术。采用双监视法解剖等长重建技术建立股骨胫骨隧道。股骨端用Rigidfix固定,胫骨端用Intrafix固定。结果17例均获随访,时间1218（14.18±2.19）个月。根据Lysholm膝关节功能评分,术前评分：25-66（46.76±14.79）分;术后1年评分：85-97（92.71±3.22）分（P〈0.01）。结论双监视法解剖等长重建结合Rigidfix和Intrafix固定技术应用在腘绳肌腱重建ACL中,具有定位准确、手术操作简便、固定牢固、疗效确切等优点。     

关节镜下横穿钉固定重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床疗效分析

[目的]观察关节镜下股骨侧应用横穿钉(Transfix)固定,胫骨侧界面螺钉(Interference)结合门型钉固定自体腘绳肌腱或同种异体肌腱重建膝关节前交叉韧带的临床疗效。[方法]膝关节前交叉韧带重建患者117例,所有患者均应用股骨侧横穿钉(Transfix)固定,胫骨侧界面螺钉(Interference)结合门型钉固定行前交叉韧带单束重建,其中使用自体腘绳肌腱患者81例,使用同种异体肌腱患者36例,观察此固定方法的可靠性及近期疗效,使用Lysholm评分及IKDC 2000评价手术前后膝关节功能。[结果]103例患者获得随访,随访时间12～26个月(平均18个月),关节活动度正常。平均Lysholm评分由术前的(57.60±5.74)分提高到术后的(94.55±2.38)分(P0.05)。IKDC 2000评分96例正常,6例(5.8%)接近正常,1例(1%)异常。自体腘绳肌腱组和同种异体肌腱组患者的物理检查及功能评分无明显差异。[结论]股骨侧横穿钉固定,胫骨侧界面螺钉结合门型钉固定重建膝关节前交叉韧带的手术方式近期疗效肯定,移植物固定可靠,手术操作安全。应用自体及同种异体肌腱进行重建都具有良好的临床效果,可根据患者的病情及主观要求进行选择。     

Tunnel enlargement 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a radiographic and functional evaluation

Purpose

The aetiology and clinical significance of enlargement of bone tunnels following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remains controversial. This phenomenon has been attributed to biological factors and mechanical factors. We wanted to study the amount of femoral and tibial tunnel enlargement 5 years post-ACL reconstruction. By standardizing the type of femoral fixation, we also wanted to determine whether the type of tibial fixation had any bearing to the amount of tibial tunnel enlargement.

Methods

All patients who underwent arthroscopic hamstring autograft ACL reconstruction between January 2000 and December 2000 were identified. All grafts were fixed with close-looped endobutton proximally. The grafts were fixed on the tibial side with staples or bioabsorbable interference screws. At a minimum of 5 years after surgery, these patients were recalled. They were assessed with Lysholm knee, Tegner activity and the IKDC Subjective and Objective forms and a KT-1000 arthrometer. The diameter of the bone tunnels and tunnel positions in the anterior–posterior and lateral radiographs were measured using digital callipers by a two blinded researchers.

Results

We found that the femoral tunnel enlarged more than the tibial tunnel. At 5 years, the mean tibial tunnel enlargement was 2.46 mm and the mean femoral tunnel enlargement was 3.23 mm. All 54 patients had endobutton femoral fixation. Of them, 34 patients had tibial graft fixation with staples (extracortical fixation) and 20 patients had tibial graft fixation with bioabsorbable interference screws (aperture fixation). The mean enlargement as measured by the two independent observers in the extracortical group was 1.98 mm (24.7 %)* and 1.51 mm (18.2 %)**compared to 3.27 mm (40.4 %)* and 2.92 mm (30.0 %)** in the aperture fixation group. This difference in tibial tunnel enlargement between the groups was significant (p < 0.001, mean difference 1.29 mm). However, this was not correlated with any significant difference in clinical outcome at 5 years.

Conclusion

We, like some authors, have shown that the use of interference screws in tibial fixation despite being aperture fixation actually has a greater amount of tibial enlargement. This lends weight to the biological theory to tunnel enlargement.     

腘绳肌腱结嵌压固定法重建交叉韧带的临床应用与生物力学研究

目的探讨腘绳肌腱结嵌压固定法重建交叉韧带的可行性。方法对52例陈旧性前、后交叉韧带损伤患者在关节镜下行双股腘绳肌腱中间打结,嵌入瓶颈状股骨隧道内固定,胫骨端采用肌腱编织缝合在骨桥上打结固定,重建交叉韧带。其中前交叉韧带25例,前、后十字韧带同时重建15例,后交叉韧带12例。生物力学实验采用猪膝关节。股骨端固定分为肌腱结嵌入组(n=13)和骨髌腱骨(B PT B)介面螺钉固定组(B PT B介面钉组,n=11)。胫骨端固定分为肌腱编织缝合线在骨桥打结组(n=7)、肌腱编织缝合介面螺钉组(n=8)。进行最大拔出强度、最大位移和固定刚度等力学实验。结果术后随访49例,平均14 6个月,Lanchman试验阴性46例,阳性3例。术后Lysholm评分由术前56 7分提高到92 8分。按膝关节疗效评定标准,优46例,良3例。生物力学实验最大拔出强度肌腱结嵌入组高于B PT B介面钉组;固定刚度肌腱结嵌入组小于B PT B介面钉组;最大位移肌腱结嵌入组大于B PT B介面钉组。胫骨端固定抗拉强度和刚度骨桥打结组优于介面螺钉组。结论腘绳肌腱结嵌压固定重建交叉韧带生物力学抗拉强度能满足生理需求,方法可行;可克服位移因素,降低韧带松弛率,提高疗效。     

前交叉韧带重建术后骨道增宽的临床研究

目的分析前交叉韧带（ACL）重建术后骨道增宽的发生率、增宽程度、骨道形状、相关因素及其与临床效果的关系。方法回顾性研究应用胭绳肌腱重建ACL手术后骨道的变化,通过X线片测量ACL重建术后的骨道直径。对51例患者行ACL重建手术,其中男性30例,女性21例。所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间16个月。主要研究及观察指标：患者性别、年龄、身高等因素,移植物的固定方式,随访时的关节活动度、膝关节稳定性检查（KT2000）及肌力恢复情况,以及股骨和胫骨的骨道直径、骨道位置和角度等。数据分析采用统计学卡方检验及相关性分析。结果前交叉韧带重建术后的骨道增宽率股骨85％-94％,胫骨65％;增宽程度股骨51％-53％,胫骨40％～44％。胫骨骨道增宽的形态以O型（冠位片）及V型（矢位片）最常见。骨道增宽与年龄、身高及体重指数相关。股骨骨道位置偏前会引起股骨骨道的增宽,股骨骨道角或胫骨骨道角越小,则股骨骨道越容易增宽。结论以腘绳肌腱为移植物重建前交叉韧带手术,术后骨道增宽的发生率与程度,股骨骨道较胫骨骨道明显。骨道增宽与患者年龄、身高以及骨道定位相关,其中股骨和胫骨骨道的位置及角度是引起术后骨道增宽的主要因素之一。骨道增宽与KT2000结果和术后肌力恢复情况相关。     

保留残端半腱肌和股薄肌双股双隧道解剖重建前交叉韧带的临床研究

目的探讨关节镜下半腱肌股薄肌保留残端双股双隧道解剖重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的疗效。方法回顾自2006年1月～2008年1月,本组在关节镜下联合应用半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱双股双隧道重建ACL患者20例其中男18例,女2例,年龄17～46岁(平均31.5岁)。取腱器分别切取半腱肌、股薄肌编织成股,保留前叉韧带在股骨、胫骨的附着点残端,于ACL前内侧束和后外侧束附着部分别钻隧道,用半腱肌腱重建前内侧束,股薄肌腱重建后外侧束,以enderbutton悬吊固定股骨端,挤压螺钉固定胫骨端肌腱。所有患者术前及术后12个月行前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、Lysholm评分方法评定膝关节功能。结果术后随访14～48个月,平均31个月。术前患者前抽屉试验均为阳性,Lachman试验阳性13例,术后前抽屉试验3例屈膝60°位阳性,1例屈膝30°位阳性,其余均转阴性。5例Lachman试验仍阳性,但患者术后无膝关节不稳。2例患者术后胫骨前伤口瘢痕红肿凸起,给予切开引流后良好愈合。用Lysholm膝关节功能评分法评定术后疗效,术前评分为38～49分,平均43.5分,术后14个月为69～92分,平均80.5分,优13例,良5例,可2例,优良率为90.0%。结论应用自体肌腱双股双隧道重建ACL,术后膝关节动态稳定性好,疗效满意。     

Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Skeletally Immature Adolescent Athlete

We present a technique for double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in a 14-year-old female athlete. The patient presented with anterolateral knee rotatory instability following a traumatic injury suffered while practicing judo. The clinical examination revealed positive Lachman and pivot shift tests with no accompanying meniscal pathology. Roentgenograms revealed open physes, and magnetic resonance imaging scans confirmed an isolated midsubstance ACL tear without cartilaginous injury. The decision was made to anatomically reconstruct the ACL because the athlete wished to continue competitive judo. Autologous hamstring tendons were harvested for double-bundle ACL repair. Following arthroscopic retrograde femoral and antegrade tibial tunnel placement, the ligaments were secured using interference screws within the femoral and tibial epiphysis. Postoperative Lachman and pivot shift tests were negative.     

Hamstring insertion site healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in patients with symptomatic hardware or repeat rupture: a histologic study in 12 patients

Purpose:Our goal was to characterize the type of biologic anchor of hamstring tendons to the femoral tunnel in cases of transfixion fixation for the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The histologic bone-hamstring tendon anchorage is not yet clearly understood despite many experimental and some clinical studies. It constitutes the weak point of the ACL reconstruction. The type of fixation, either distant from the joint such as transfixion fixation or at the tunnel entrance such as aperture fixation will determine a specific tendon-bone healing process.Type of study:Histological study.Methods:We performed ACL reconstruction with 4 strands of semitendinosus and gracilis tendons fastened by a transfixion fixation. Femoral fixation was secured by transfixion (Transfix; Arthrex, Naples, CA) and tibia fixation by a biodegradable interference screw and 2 staples. Between 3 and 20 months after surgery, we performed 12 hamstring tendon biopsies (in 9 men and 3 women; mean age, 29 years). Biopsies were performed 2 cm from the femoral outlet in 10 patients undergoing hardware removal or by coring the femoral tunnel in 2 cases of repeat rupture. In 8 cases, the femoral device was removed for persistent lateral pain, in 2 cases for instability of the hardware, and in 2 cases a repeat rupture of the graft occurred. The samples were taken by coring a tunnel 5 mm in diameter, with a tubular harvester, along the femoral Transfix axis. Each fragment was stained with H&E, Solochrome cyanine, or Masson-trichrome, and microscopical examination was performed, including polarized light.Results:At 3 months (in 1 case), a fibrovascular interface was seen between the tendon and uncalcified osteoid with very few collagen fibers. At 5 and 6 months (in 2 cases), some Sharpey-like fibers and less immature woven bone was seen. Maturity of the secondary insertion was seen after at least 10 months in 5 cases. In 2 cases, no contact was seen at the biopsy site despite good clinical stability. The 2 remaining cases underwent repeat rupture at the midsubstance of the graft at 12 and 17 months after surgery. In the first case, the tendon-bone fixation was limited at the outlet of the femoral tunnel with no fixation inside the tunnel. In the second case, the fixation was continuous with Sharpey fibers along the tunnel.Conclusions:According to our histologic results in patients, the time to obtain a mature indirect anchorage at the top of the tunnel was 10 to 12 months, which is much longer than in reported animal models (6 to 24 weeks). To our knowledge, this is the first clinical study reporting the histologic type of femoral ligament insertion 2 cm from the outlet of the tunnel with hamstring autograft for ACL reconstruction.     

Outcome of double bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using crosspin and aperture fixation

Background:

Double bundle anterior cruciate ligament (DBACL) reconstruction is said to reproduce the native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) anatomy better than single bundle anterior cruciate ligament, whether it leads to better functional results is debatable. Different fixation methods have been used for DBACL reconstruction, the most common being aperture fixation on tibial side and cortical suspensory fixation on the femoral side. We present the results of DBACL reconstruction technique, wherein on the femoral side anteromedial (AM) bundle is fixed with a crosspin and aperture fixation was done for the posterolateral (PL) bundle.

Materials and Methods:

Out of 157 isolated ACL injury patients who underwent ACL reconstruction, 100 were included in the prospective study. Arthroscopic DBACL reconstruction was done using ipsilateral hamstring autograft. AM bundle was fixed using Transfix (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) on the femoral side and bio interference screw (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) on the tibial side. PL bundle was fixed on femoral as well as on tibial side with a biointerference screw. Patients were evaluated using KT-1000 arthrometer, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Score and isokinetic muscle strength testing.

Methods:

Out of 157 isolated ACL injury patients who underwent ACL reconstruction, 100 were included in the prospective study. Arthroscopic DBACL reconstruction was done using ipsilateral hamstring autograft. AM bundle was fixed using Transfix (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) on the femoral side and bio interference screw (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) on the tibial side. PL bundle was fixed on femoral as well as on tibial side with a biointerference screw. Patients were evaluated using KT-1000 arthrometer, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Score and isokinetic muscle strength testing.

Results:

The KT-1000 results were evaluated using paired t test with the P value set at 0.001. At the end of 1 year, the anteroposterior side to side translation difference (KT-1000 manual maximum) showed mean improvement from 5.1 mm ± 1.5 preoperatively to 1.6 mm ± 1.2 (P < 0.001) postoperatively. The Lysholm score too showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) improvement from 52.4 ± 15.2 (range: 32-76) preoperatively to a postoperative score of 89.1 ± 3.2 (range 67-100). According to the IKDC score 90% patients had normal results (Category A and B). The AM femoral tunnel initial posterior blow out was seen in 4 patients and confluence in the intraarticular part of the femoral tunnels was seen in 6 patients intraoperatively. The quadriceps strength on isokinetic testing had an average deficit of 10.3% while the hamstrings had a 5.2% deficit at the end of 1 year as compared with the normal side.

Conclusion:

Our study revealed that the DBACL reconstruction using crosspin fixation for AM bundle and aperture fixation for PL bundle on the femoral side resulted in significant improvement in KT 1000, Lysholm and IKDC scores.