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1.
Tattoos have been shown to be associated with transfusion-transmitted diseases (TTDs), particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Very little is known about the association between different categories of tattoos and TTDs. In a cross-sectional study in Brazil, we studied 182 individuals with tattoos and assessed the odds of testing positive for a TTD according to tattoo type, number, design and performance conditions. Major findings were significant associations between an increasing number of tattoos and HBV infection (odds ratio (OR) of 2.04 for two tattoos and 3.48 for > or = 3 tattoos), having a non-professional tattoo and testing positive for at least one TTD (OR = 3.25), and having > or = 3 tattoos and testing positive for at least one TTD (OR = 2.98). We suggest that non-professional tattoos and number of tattoos should be assessed as potential deferral criteria in screening blood donors.  相似文献   

2.
This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HIV-1 infections among injecting drug users (IDU) in New Mexico. Serological and behavioural surveys were conducted in conjunction with street-based outreach, education and HIV counselling and testing. High rates of antibody positivity for HCV (82.2%) and HBV (61.1%), and a low rate for HIV (0.5%) were found. In multivariate analyses, both HBV and HCV infection were positively associated with increasing age, increasing years of injection and heroin use. Receipt of a tattoo in prison/jail was associated with HBV (odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.4, 3.8) and HCV (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.6, 7.5) infections. Prevention of bloodborne pathogens among IDUs should focus on young users, early in their drug use experience. Studies examining the relationship between tattooing and HBV and HCV infection are needed as are efforts to promote sterile tattooing, in prisons and elsewhere.  相似文献   

3.
Prevalence of human immunodeficiency (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) virus and syphilis in the population of blood donors in Georgia has been investigated. Out of 4970 donors 7.3% had anti-HCV (6.9% confirmed), HbsAg was positive in 4.1% (3.4% confirmed), Seroprevalence of Syphilis was 2.3%. Three individuals had HIV. Prevalence of HCV and HBV in Georgia is higher than national prevalence estimates of viral hepatitis in neighboring countries.  相似文献   

4.
The Robert Koch Institute collects and evaluates data on the prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV) and syphilis infections among blood and plasma donors in Germany according to Article 22 of the Transfusion Act. The surveillance data permit an assessment of the occurrence of infections in the blood donor population and consequently the safety of the collected donations. This report includes data from all blood donation services in Germany for 2006. Due to the revision of the Transfusion Act in 2005 not only the number of donations but also the number of donors has become available for analysis. More than 500,000 donations or blood samples from new donors and about 6 million donations collected from ca. 2.3 million repeat donors were screened in 2006. The prevalence for HIV was 6.2/100,000, for HCV 76.2/100,000, for HBV 150.2/100,000 and for syphilis 34.4/100,000 donations. The rate of seroconversions/100,000 donations was 0.8 for HIV, 1.1 for HCV, 0.7 for HBV and 1.6 for syphilis. The analysis showed a very low incidence of HIV, HBV und syphilis with marginal changes compared to previous years. The prevalence and incidence of HCV among blood donors was once again declining.  相似文献   

5.
The Robert Koch Institute collects and evaluates data on the prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV), and syphilis infections among blood and plasma donors in Germany according to §22 of the Transfusion Act ("Transfusiongesetz"). The surveillance data permit an assessment of the occurrence of infections in the blood donor population and consequently the safety of the collected donations. This report includes data from all blood donation services in Germany for 2007. Due to the revision of the Transfusion Act in 2005, not only the number of donations but also the number of donors is now available for analysis. Nearly 550,000 donations or blood samples from new donors and more than 6.24 million donations collected from approximately 2.43 million repeat donors were tested for transfusion-relevant infections in 2007. The prevalence for HIV was 8.0/100,000, for HCV 70.0/100,000, for HBV 132.5/100,000, and for syphilis 36.8/100,000 donations. The proportion of seroconversions/100,000 donations was 0.6 for HIV, 1.1 for HCV, 0.6 for HBV, and 1.7 for syphilis. The analysis showed a very low incidence of HIV, HBV, and syphilis with marginal changes compared to previous years. The prevalence and incidence of HCV among blood donors was once again declining.  相似文献   

6.
目的 了解广东省1995~2001年献血员HIV流行的特征及与其他传染病合并感染情况,为制定HIV经血源传播防治策略提供依据。方法 收集1995~2001年广东省HIV抗体阳性献血员资料进行分析,并进行HBV、HCV和梅毒血清学检测。结果 1995~2001年,广东省累计HIV抗体阳性献血员167例,占全省报告HIV感染总数的5.44%(167/3072),且献血员中HIV抗体阳性人数逐年增长。167例病例中以男性为多(88.02%);年龄主要集中在20~29岁组(55.09%);病例送检地区以广州、深圳和东莞为主;其原籍主要是广东省和河南省。128例肌,抗体阳性献血员中抗-HCV、梅毒抗体及HBsAg阳性率分别为79.69%、7.81%及3.13%,HIV/HCV/梅毒、HIV/HBV/HCV、HIV/HBV/梅毒三重感染率分别为7.81%、3.13%及0,未发现四重感染。结论 广东省肌,抗体阳性献血员合并HCV和梅毒感染率高。应加强献血员的筛查及流动人口的管理,以控制HIV,HBV和HCV经献血员向一般人群传播。  相似文献   

7.
The Robert Koch Institute collects and evaluates data on the prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV) and syphilis infections among blood and plasma donors in Germany according to article 22 of the Transfusion Act. The surveillance data permit an assessment of the occurrence of infections in the blood donor population and consequently the safety of the collected donations. This report includes data from all blood donation services in Germany for 2005. In total, 6.26 million donations or blood samples from prospective donors were screened. The prevalence of the relevant infections was 6.1/100,000 for HIV, 81.2/100,000 for HCV, 143.9/100,000 for HBV and 35.6/100,000 donations for syphilis. The rate of seroconversions/100,000 donations was 0.9 for HIV, 1.4 for HCV, 0.9 for HBV and 2.3 for syphilis. The analysis showed a very low incidence of infections with a decreasing trend for HCV infections among first time donors and an increase in incident HIV and syphilis infections since 1999. The latter has to be monitored carefully and possible causes need to be evaluated.  相似文献   

8.
The Robert Koch Institute collects and evaluates data on the prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV) and syphilis infections among blood and plasma donors in Germany in accordance with Article 22 of the Transfusion Act. This surveillance permits an assessment of the occurrence of infections in the blood donor population and consequently the safety of the collected donations. This report includes data from all blood donation services in Germany for 2003 and 2004. Altogether 7.09 million and 6.37 million donations or blood samples from prospective donors were screened in 2003 and 2004, respectively. In 2003 the prevalence rates of the relevant infections (per 100,000 donations) were 8.2 for HIV, 99.3 for HCV, 158.9 for HBV and 34.4 for syphilis. In 2003 the rates of seroconversion (per 100,000 donations) were 0.8 for HIV, 1.2 for HCV, 1.0 for HBV and 1.5 for syphilis in 2003. In 2004 the prevalence rates (per 100,000 donations) were 4.8 for HIV, 85.3 for HCV, 156.3 for HBV and 36.8 for syphilis. In 2004 the rates of seroconversion (per 100,000 donations) were 0.9 for HIV, 1.3 for HCV, 0.6 for HBV and 2.0 for syphilis. The analysis showed a very low incidence of infections with a decreasing trend for HCV infections and an increase in HIV and syphilis infections. The latter needs to be monitored carefully and possible causes evaluated. The quality of the reported data has improved compared to previous years. Still, some problems remain with the differentiation of the data according to sex, age and interdonation interval as well as reporting by individual blood donation centres as required by the Transfusion Act  相似文献   

9.
[目的]了解成都市男男性行为人群(MSM)人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、梅毒、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)及丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的感染状况。[方法]收集成都市MSM人群血液样本469份,进行HIV抗体、HBV标志物、HCV抗体及梅毒抗体测定,HIV抗体确珍阳性者,作CD4+、CD8+T淋巴细胞及CD4+/CD8+比值测定。[结果]469份样本HIV、梅毒、HBV及HCV感染率分别为14.93%(70/469)、8.53%(40/469)、67.16%(315/469)、0.64%(3/469);HIV合并梅毒感染3例,HIV合并HBV感染43例,HIV合并HCV感染1例,HIV合并梅毒及HBV感染5例;70例HIV感染者CD4+T淋巴细胞绝对值计数明显下降,CD4+/CD8+比值均呈倒置,单纯HIV感染组CD4T淋巴细胞计数值与HIV/HBV感染组比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.73,P=0.23),其余各组因样本量太小,与单纯HIV感染组CD4+计数均值比较不具统计学意义。[结论]成都市MSM人群HIV感染呈严重之势,HIV合并HBV、HIV合并梅毒的感染也较普遍,本次检测到的HIV感染者已基本进入艾滋病期,对他们的抗逆转录病毒治疗需要引起足够重视。  相似文献   

10.
The Robert Koch Institute collects and evaluates data on the prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV) and syphilis infections among blood and plasma donors in Germany according to article 22 of the Transfusion Act. This report includes data from all blood donation services in Germany for 2008-2010. The prevalence for HIV ranged from 6.6-7.0/100,000, for HCV from 68.9-81.6/100,000, for HBV from 116.2-136.6/100,000 and for syphilis from 31.0-42.1/100,000 donations. The proportion of incident infections per 100,000 donations ranged from 0.8-0.9 for HIV, 0.8-1.0 for HCV, 0.3-0.5 for HBV and 1.4-1.6 for syphilis. Since 2001 the prevalence and incidence of HBV and HCV among blood has declined whereas incident HIV infections reached a peak in 2008 and 2010 and show an increasing trend. Also, the proportion of syphilis infections among first time donors was highest in 2010. Significant differences in infection prevalence and incidence were found between the sexes, different age groups and different donation types. In order to optimise donor selection a validated donor questionnaire should be used and confidentiality in all steps of donation should be assured. The possibility of a confidential self-exclusion should be explicitly pointed out to donors.  相似文献   

11.
目的了解河南省驻马店市“HIV单阳”夫妻阴性配偶HIV血清阳转率及HBV、HCV、梅毒感染现状。方法“HIV单阳”夫妻是指夫妻双方中只有一方呈HIV抗体阳性,另一方为阴性。收集“HIV单阳”夫妻成员HIV抗体检测结果及其他相关信息,采集夫妻中HIV阴性配偶的血标本,并检测其HIV、HBV、HCV及梅毒感染状况。结果该市现有“HIV单阳”夫妻4301对,本次调查共采集“HIV单阳”夫妻阴性配偶血样3842份,问卷调查3738人。最近一次性生活安全套使用率为93.1%,85.9%的HIV感染者已发展为艾滋病病人,抗病毒治疗率为77.8%。经检测有50人HIV抗体阳转,血清阳转率为0.65/100人年,抗-HCV阳性率为31.1%、梅毒阳性率为0.2%、乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性率为5.4%、乙肝“大三阳”(HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAb均阳性)率为0.8%,乙肝“小三阳”(HBsAg、HBeAb、HBcAb阳性)率为2.9%。结论驻马店市“HIV单阳”夫妻配偶的血清HIV抗体阳转率较低。建议继续加强对该人群的随访、定期检测CD4细胞计数及病毒载量,夫妻间性生活时坚持使用安全套,以控制HIV性传播。  相似文献   

12.
The Robert Koch Institute collects and evaluates data on the prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV) and syphilis infections among blood and plasma donors in Germany in accordance with Article 22 of the Transfusion Act. This surveillance permits an assessment of the occurrence of infections in the blood donor population and consequently the safety of the collected donations. This report includes data from all blood donation services in Germany for 2003 and 2004. Altogether 7.09 million and 6.37 million donations or blood samples from prospective donors were screened in 2003 and 2004, respectively. In 2003 the prevalence rates of the relevant infections (per 100,000 donations) were 8.2 for HIV, 99.3 for HCV, 158.9 for HBV and 34.4 for syphilis. In 2003 the rates of seroconversion (per 100,000 donations) were 0.8 for HIV, 1.2 for HCV, 1.0 for HBV and 1.5 for syphilis in 2003. In 2004 the prevalence rates (per 100,000 donations) were 4.8 for HIV, 85.3 for HCV, 156.3 for HBV and 36.8 for syphilis. In 2004 the rates of seroconversion (per 100,000 donations) were 0.9 for HIV, 1.3 for HCV, 0.6 for HBV and 2.0 for syphilis. The analysis showed a very low incidence of infections with a decreasing trend for HCV infections and an increase in HIV and syphilis infections. The latter needs to be monitored carefully and possible causes evaluated. The quality of the reported data has improved compared to previous years. Still, some problems remain with the differentiation of the data according to sex, age and interdonation interval as well as reporting by individual blood donation centres as required by the Transfusion Act.  相似文献   

13.
The Robert Koch Institute collects and evaluates data on the prevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV) and syphilis infections among blood and plasma donors in Germany according to Article 22 of the Transfusion Act. The surveillance permits an assessment of the occurrence of infections in the blood donor population and consequently the safety of the collected donations. This report includes data from all blood donation services in Germany for 2001 and 2002. Altogether 5.71 million and 6.63 million donations or blood samples from prospective donors were screened in 2001 and 2002, respectively. The analysis showed a very low incidence of infections with a decreasing trend for HCV infections since 1997 but a slight increase in HIV infections in 2001-2002 compared to 1999-2000. The prevalence of the relevant infections/100,000 donations was 4.7 for HIV, 94.7 for HCV, 159.0 for HBV and 33.4 for syphilis in 2001. The rate of seroconversions/100,000 donations was 0.5 for HIV, 1.6 for HCV, 1.4 for HBV and 1.6 for syphilis in 2001. In 2002 the prevalence/100,000 donations was 7.5 for HIV, 97.4 for HCV, 164.1 for HBV and 31.9 for syphilis. The rate of sero-conversions/100,000 donations in that year was 0.7 for HIV, 1.5 for HCV, 1.2 for HBV and 1.9 for syphilis. The quality of the reported data has improved significantly compared to previous years. Still, some problems remained with the differentiation of the data according to sex, age and interval between donations and the reporting by individual blood donation centres as required by the Transfusion Act.  相似文献   

14.
目的评价血清学检测与核酸检测在降低输血相关风险中的相关性。方法对大连市血液中心2012年12月1日-2013年5月31日共计33 708份献血者标本同时进行血清学检测(HBsAg、HCV抗体、HIV抗原/抗体、梅毒特异性抗体、谷丙转氨酶)和HBV/HCV/HIV三联核酸定性检测。单纯核酸检测反应性的标本需进行鉴别试验,对鉴别阴性的献血者进行跟踪检测。将HBsAg、HCV抗体、HIV抗原/抗体三项酶联免疫检测与核酸检测结果对比分析。结果酶联免疫检测单试剂不合格率为1.38%。酶联免疫检测双试剂反应性而核酸检测无反应性的不合格标本有40份,其中HBsAg反应性12份,HCV抗体反应性28份。单纯核酸检测反应性标本有46份,经鉴别和追踪确认HBV感染献血者15例,HIV窗口期感染1例,无HCV RNA的检出。结论核酸检测对于血清学阴性的HBV感染检出效果明显;但对于感染了HBV但病毒载量极低的献血者,核酸检测存在漏检的可能;血液筛查中核酸检测不能代替血清学检测;慎重对待核酸检测的假阳性结果,制定合理的献血者评估策略以减少献血者流失。  相似文献   

15.
目的:研究艾滋病感染者和艾滋病人(HIV/AIDS)合并感染乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、梅毒(TP)的流行现况及对艾滋病抗病毒治疗的影响。方法:选取HIV/AIDS的病例采用ELISA法,分别对标本进行乙肝表面抗原、丙肝抗体、梅毒抗体检测,艾滋病抗病毒治疗后患者的CD4+T淋巴细胞的观察。结果:719例HIV/AIDS合并感染乙肝的有80例(11.13%),丙肝46例(6.40%),梅毒114例(15.86%)。接受艾滋病抗病毒治疗的326例患者中,单纯HIV感染的有232例,其中T淋巴细胞CD4<300/mm3者110例,占47.41%;合并多重感染的HIV患者有94例,其中T淋巴细胞CD4<300/mm3的有49例,占52.13%;两组比较差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:HIV合并感染TP、HCV和HBV率较高,易对T淋巴细胞CD4产生不同程度的影响。  相似文献   

16.
李俊杰 《职业与健康》2011,27(21):2468-2469
目的分析周口市无偿献血人群乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg),丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染情况,从而探讨周口市公民HBV、HCV、HIV感染者的感染率、分布及流行趋势。方法对2009—2010年11月无偿献血人群35 707例进行回顾性调查分析。结果无偿献血人群HBV、HCV、HIV感染率分别为6.29%、0.25%和0.008‰。结论该市应加强献血者的筛选以及对健康人群的预防接种和艾滋病危险性的宣传教育,从而减少HBV、HCV、HIV的感染。  相似文献   

17.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common blood-borne chronic viral infection in the United States and it is over represented in incarcerated populations. This study estimates if in prison tattooing is associated with self reported HCV infection in a probabilistic sample of 1,331 sentenced inmates in Puerto Rico prisons anonymously surveyed in 2004, who had previously been tested for HCV. Analysis were carried out with the total sample and among non-injectors (n=796) to control for injection drug use (IDU) and other confounders. Nearly 60% of inmates had acquired tattoos in prison. HCV was reported by 27% of subjects in the total sample and by 12% of non-injectors who had undergone tattoos in prison. IDU was the strongest predictor of HCV in the total sample (OR=5.6, 95% CI=3.2-9.7). Among non injectors, tattooing with reused needles or sharp objects and/ or reusing ink was positively associated with HCV self-report (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.3-5.5). Tattooing is a common occurrence in this prison setting. Findings suggest that preventive interventions are required to reduce the risk of HCV transmission through unsterile tattooing and injection practices.  相似文献   

18.
受血者受血前HIV、HBV、 HCV、梅毒感染及其重叠感染研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
目的研究受血者受血前人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、梅毒感染及其重叠感染现状与特点。方法对2007年10月-2008年6月间某院需输注血制品的9694例患者进行检测;采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清HBV标志物、血清抗HCV,双抗原夹心酶联免疫法检测血清抗HIV和梅毒抗体。结果9694例受血者受血前血清HBV标志物阳性1549例(15.98%),抗HCV阳性59例(0.61%),抗HIV阳性34例(0.35%),梅毒抗体阳性495例(5.11%)。重叠感染者中,HBV与HCV57例(0.59%),HBV与梅毒94例(0.97%),HCV与梅毒3例(0.03%);血清抗HIV阳性患者中,重叠感染HBV13例(0.13%),HCV10例(0.10%),梅毒4例(0.04%);HIV、HBV和HCV重叠,HIV、HBV和梅毒重叠感染各2例(1.08%),HIV、HBV、HCV和梅毒重叠感染1例(0.54%)。结论部分受血者在受血前就已有感染,特别是HBV和梅毒的感染率较高。对受血者于受血前进行全面检查不仅可避免相关医疗纠纷,还可为患者治疗和医务人员的职业防护提供帮助。  相似文献   

19.
目的了解娄底市吸毒人群HIV、HBV、HCV、梅毒感染状况及影响因素,为吸毒人群中这几种疾病的综合防治提供依据。方法对娄底市戒毒所戒毒人员面对面进行匿名问卷调查,并采集静脉血进行HIV、HBV、HCV和梅毒血清学检测。结果182名吸毒人员中,HIV抗体阳性1例,阳性率为0.55%、HBsAg阳性24例,阳性率为13.19%、HCV抗体阳性92例,阳性率为50.55%、梅毒抗体阳性12例、阳性率为6.59%,合并感染HIV/HCV1例,占0.55%,合并感染HBV/HCV12例,占6.59%,合并感染梅毒/HCV7例,占3.85%。结论该市吸毒人群中HCV、梅毒感染率较高,与他们的多性伴和注射毒品行为有关,应积极开展针对性地干预措施。  相似文献   

20.
We report the potential risk for an infectious disease through tainted transfusion in 10 countries of South and Central America in 1993 and in two countries of South America in 1994, as well as the cost of reagents as partial estimation of screening costs. Of the 12 countries included in the study, nine screened all donors for HIV; three screened all donors for hepatitis B virus (HBV); two screened all donors for Trypanosoma cruzi; none screened all donors for hepatitis C virus (HCV); and six screened some donors for syphilis. Estimates of the risk of acquiring HIV through blood transfusion were much lower than for acquiring HBV, HCV, or T. cruzi because of significantly higher screening and lower prevalence.rates for HIV. An index of infectious disease spread through blood transfusion was calculated for each country. The highest value was obtained for Bolivia (233 infections per 10,000 transfusions); in five other countries, it was 68 to 103 infections per 10,000. The risks were lower in Honduras (nine per 10,000), Ecuador (16 per 10,000), and Paraguay (19 per 10,000). While the real number of potentially infected units or infected persons is probably lower than our estimates because of false positives and already infected recipients, the data reinforce the need for an information system to assess the level of screening for infectious diseases in the blood supply. Since this information was collected, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Venezuela have made HCV screening mandatory; serologic testing for HCV has increased in those countries, as well as in El Salvador and Honduras. T. cruzi screening is now mandatory in Colombia, and the percentage of screened donors increased not only in Colombia, but also in Ecuador, El Salvador, and Paraguay. Laws to regulate blood transfusion practices have been enacted in Bolivia, Guatemala, and Peru. However, donor screening still needs to improve for one or more diseases in most countries.  相似文献   

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