基于脑电的意识障碍重复经颅磁刺激调控评估

近年来,研究表明重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)可以有效调控颅脑损伤后意识障碍患者的意识状态,但是最小意识状态患者和植物状态患者在调控中的临床反应存在显著差异。通过脑电活动和脑功能网络,评估rTMS对意识障碍患者的调控,探索rTMS对意识障碍患者脑调控的潜在机理。共纳入24名意识障碍患者参加rTMS的真假调控实验。在调控前后记录分析64导联脑电信号的相对功率谱能量,相位锁值以及功能网络特征用研究,以评估脑功能活动的变化。结果发现,rTMS可以显著调控最小意识状态患者的Gamma活动:谱能量和功能连接显著增强,这种增强主要发生在前额-中央区以及前额-顶叶部位。基于图论的功能网络分析表明,rTMS可显著降低最小意识状态患者的功能网络平均路径(1.32±0.31 vs 1.08±0.22),提高网络集聚系数(0.95±0.15 vs 1.12±0.21)和小世界特性(0.76±0.24 vs 1.06±0.32)。研究结果表明,rTMS并不能明显调控植物状态患者的脑电Gamma活动。由于Gamma活动在人类意识和认知活动中至关重要,该研究能为rTMS对意识障碍患者的临床康复应用提供潜在的评估方法和理论。     

重复经颅磁刺激对抑郁症患者自杀的影响

目的：探讨重复经颅磁刺激对抑郁症患者自杀的影响。方法：本研究对我院住院并愿意接受研究的89例抑郁症自杀患者进行研究。随机分为两组,研究组40例,对照组49例,两组均给予SSRI类药物治疗,研究组在SSRI类药物治疗的基础上联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗,每周5次,2周为一个疗程,治疗4周。分别于治疗前、治疗2周、治疗4周采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HRSD）和自杀意念自评量表（SIOSS）对治疗效果进行评分。结果：两组治疗前HRSD评分及SIOSS评分无显著性差异,治疗后两组的评分均有不同程度的降低,但研究组更显著（ P＜0．05）;研究组在治疗2周后即显效,与对照组比较有显著性差异（χ2＝6．059,P＜0．05）;治疗4周后研究组的有效率明显高于对照组（χ2＝18．460,P＜0．05）。结论：重复经颅磁刺激能缩短起效时间,改善抑郁症患者的临床症状,主要体现在睡眠、认知障碍、躯体化症状、迟缓及绝望感,并且能降低抑郁症患者的自杀风险。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗对抑郁症患者时间知觉的作用效应

目的:探讨左背外侧前额叶高频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗对抑郁症患者时间知觉的影响。方法:接受固定剂量帕罗西汀治疗(40mg/d)的抑郁症患者随机分组,在药物治疗的同时,研究组(n=30)合并左背外侧前额叶高频rTMS治疗,对照组(n=32)予伪刺激,为期4周。于治疗前、治疗后4周,进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定;完成600ms、3s时距复制任务,以时距复制误差作为时间知觉的评估指标。结果:1治疗后,研究组、对照组患者HAMD评分均显著下降(分别t=12.047,9.275;P均0.01),差异有统计学意义;研究组600ms、3s时距复制误差较治疗前下降(分别t=3.342,6.389;P0.01),差异有统计学意义;对照组3s时距复制误差较治疗前下降(t=2.978,P=0.008),差异有统计学意义,而600ms时距复制误差较治疗前无显著变化(P0.05);2治疗后,研究组HAMD评分的下降值高于对照组(t=4.062,P=0.000),差异有统计学意义;600ms、3s时距复制误差的下降值也均高于对照组(分别t=2.240,2.096;P0.05,0.041),差异有统计学意义;3研究组、对照组治疗前后3s时距复制误差的下降值,与HAMD评分的下降值正相关(分别r=0.330,0.391;P0.05)。研究组、对照组治疗前后600ms时距复制误差的下降值,则与HAMD评分的下降值均无显著相关性(P均0.05)。结论:左背外侧前额叶高频rTMS治疗可影响抑郁症患者的时间知觉,并可能存在继发于改善抑郁之外的其他作用机制。     

基于脑电图的不同频率磁刺激内关穴脑网络分析

磁刺激和电刺激在离子水平的作用机制是相似的。相比之下,磁刺激技术具有无痛、可刺激深部组织等优点。不同的刺激参数会产生不同的机体效应,同时所引发的神经调控机制也不同。采用不同频率(0.5和3 Hz)的脉冲磁场刺激内关穴,采集刺激前、后的32导脑电信号,计算各通道脑电信号之间的相关系数。针对正、负相关系数的不同分布特点,采用不同的阈值,分别对正、负相关系数矩阵进行二值化处理。以脑电通道作为所构建脑功能网络的节点,构建并分析不同状态下的脑功能网络,探讨频率参数对磁刺激内关穴脑功能区活动的影响。结果发现,0.5和3 Hz磁刺激内关穴后较刺激前,大脑额叶、颞叶和中央区内部以及脑区之间的正相关呈现增加的趋势。同时,0.5 Hz磁刺激内关穴后,额叶与枕叶以及颞叶与枕叶之间的大尺度连接增强,且具有负相关特性。这一研究结果为磁刺激频率的选取提供一定的依据。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗抑郁症作用机制的研究进展

本文综述了抑郁症的经颅刺激作用原理,对不同脑区和神经环路的影响;对脑血流和代谢、神经递质的影响,对神经元可塑性、神经内分泌及免疫功能的影响。     

重复经颅磁刺激和无抽搐电痉挛治疗抑郁症的初步比较

目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激和无抽搐电痉挛治疗抗抑郁疗效的差异。方法纳入分别接受重复经颅磁刺激治疗(rTMS组)和无抽搐电痉挛治疗(MECT组)的难治性抑郁症患者各30例,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表在治疗前和治疗结束时评估患者临床症状,比较两组患者的疗效差异。结果 rTMS和MECT均能显著改善患者抑郁症状(rTMS组:t=0.34,P=0.02;MECT组:t=0.23,P=0.00)。rTMS组在汉密尔顿量表睡眠障碍因子分改善方面显著高于MECT组,差异有显著统计学意义(t=7.88,P=0.01),MECT在改善自杀因子方面优于rTMS,差异有显著统计学意义(t=3.87,P=0.00)。结论 rTMS和ECT在短期内均能有效改善抑郁症状,MECT的抗抑郁作用强于rTMS。在改善睡眠障碍方面,rTMS优于MECT;在改善自杀因子方面,MECT组作用更强。     

重复经颅磁刺激对失眠症患者睡眠的影响

目的观察重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对失眠症患者的临床疗效。方法将60例失眠症患者分为rTMS组和对照组,各30例。对照组每晚口服艾司唑仑1~2mg,rTMS组行rTMS治疗,均治疗14d,予多导睡眠检测仪检测治疗前后两组患者睡眠进程和睡眠结构的变化,治疗前后行匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评定,比较两组疗效。结果两组PSQI评分较治疗前均降低,差异有统计学意义(t=6.94,6.19;P0.05),治疗后两组PSQI评分差异无统计学意义。治疗后两组患者的睡眠时间、睡眠潜伏期、觉醒时间、睡眠效率等较治疗前均改善,差异有统计学意义(t=2.61~7.14,P均0.05);治疗后rTMS组较对照组相比,S2较短,S3和REMS较多,差异有统计学意义(t=7.09,6.32,4.61;P均0.05)。结论 rTMS能改善失眠症患者的睡眠质量。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗认知功能障碍的研究新进展

本文综述了重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗认知功能障碍的研究进展,对rTMS改善认知功能的生物学机制,rTMS改善认知发展的临床作用以及rTMS改善认知功能和安全性等进行了全面阐述。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗双相抑郁的临床研究进展

双相抑郁具有共病率高、复发率高、自杀率高、致残率高的特点。本文综述了重复经颅磁刺激改善抑郁情绪的作用机制以及治疗双相抑郁的现状及效果、安全性等。     

Prospects for Clinical Applications of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Real-Time EEG in Epilepsy

Recent advances in methods for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enable its coupling to real-time EEG (TMS-EEG). Although TMS-EEG is applied largely in neurophysiology research, there are prospects for its use in clinical TMS practice, particularly in epilepsy where EEG is already in wide use, and where TMS is emerging as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. In diagnostic applications, TMS-EEG may provide a useful measure of cortical excitability at baseline or after antiepileptic treatment. For therapeutic purposes, TMS-EEG may be of use in selection of appropriate TMS strength outside of the motor cortex where the threshold for cortical activation is more apparent with the aid of EEG. In other realistic clinical applications, TMS-EEG may be of use in real-time monitoring for epileptiform activity in vulnerable populations where TMS may trigger seizures, or as a component of a responsive neurostimulation setup in which TMS timing is determined by underlying EEG activity. Future trials and evolution of TMS-EEG methods are likely to provide answers as to the actual clinical value of TMS-EEG.     

State-Dependency of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a tool that allows noninvasive modulation of cortical neural activity, has become an important tool in cognitive neuroscience and is being increasingly explored in neurotherapeutics. Amongst the factors that are likely to influence its efficacy, the importance of the baseline cortical activation state on the impact of TMS has not received much attention. However, this state-dependency is important as the neural impact of any external stimulus represents an interaction with the ongoing brain activity at the time of stimulation. The effects of any external stimulus are therefore not only determined by the properties of that stimulus but also by the activation state of the brain. Here we review the existing evidence on the state-dependency of TMS and propose how its systematic study can provide unique insights into brain function and significantly enhance the effectiveness of TMS in investigations on the neural basis of perception and cognition. We also describe novel approaches based on this state-dependency which can be used to investigate the properties of distinct neural subpopulations within the stimulated region. Furthermore, we discuss how state-dependency can explain the functional mechanisms through which TMS impairs perception and behavior.     

鼻腔内机械振荡刺激对健康人群静息态脑电图相对功率及有效连接的影响

鼻腔内机械振荡刺激(iMVS)是一种新型的无创神经刺激技术,可提升边缘系统内在功能活性从而改善自主神经平衡.通过分析iMVS对健康人群脑电图(EEG)相对功率以及EEG有效连接的影响,探索iMVS的神经生理机制.将22名健康成年被试随机均分为刺激组与对照组,并对11名刺激组被试两侧鼻腔各进行10 min的iMVS,11...     

Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Spike Pattern and Topography in Patients with Focal Epilepsy

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive method for brain stimulation. Group-studies applying rTMS in epilepsy patients aiming to decrease epileptic spike- or seizure-frequency have led to inconsistent results. Here we studied whether therapeutic trains of rTMS have detectable effects on individual spike pattern and/or frequency in patients suffering from focal epilepsy. Five patients with focal epilepsy underwent one session of rTMS online with EEG using a 6 Hz prime/1 Hz rTMS protocol (real and sham). The EEG was recorded continuously throughout the stimulation, and the epileptic spikes recorded immediately before (baseline) and after stimulation (sham and real) were subjected to further analysis. Number of spikes, spike-strength and spike-topography were examined. In two of the five patients, real TMS led to significant changes when compared to baseline and sham (decrease in spike-count in one patient, change in topography of the after-discharge in the other patient). Spike-count and topography remained unchanged the remaining patients. Overall, our results do not indicate a consistent effect of rTMS stimulation on interictal spike discharges, but speak in favor of a rather weak and individually variable immediate effect of rTMS on focal epileptic activity. The individuation of most effective stimulation patterns will be decisive for the future role of rTMS in epilepsies and needs to be determined in larger studies.     

高频重复经颅磁刺激对后遗症期脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍的疗效观察

目的 探讨高频重复经颅磁刺激对后遗症期脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者疗效。方法 选取2017年1月~2018年6月本院收治的40例后遗症期脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者为研究对象,采用电脑产生随机数字法将患者分为观察组和对照组,各20例。两组患者均接受常规吞咽功能训练,观察组患者在此基础上加用经颅磁刺激治疗,对照组患者接受同样刺激参数的假刺激线圈给予的治疗,比较两组患者吞咽功能评分及环咽肌表面肌电图最大波幅变化情况。结果 治疗后,对照组、观察组患者吞咽功能评分分别为（4.10±0.59）分、（4.65±0.64）分,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;环咽肌表面肌电图最大波幅值分别为（668.00±39.33）μV、（761.00±43.61）μV,组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 高频重复经颅磁刺激对后遗症期脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者的吞咽功能无明显改善。     

重复经颅磁刺激在酒依赖患者精神依赖治疗中的应用

酒精依赖包括精神依赖和躯体依赖,在临床上躯体戒断症状的治疗效果良好,合理的苯二氮卓类药物替代治疗能够帮助患者平稳度过戒断期,但对于心理依赖的治疗效果欠佳。精神依赖是酒精依赖患者反复复饮的重要原因之一。近期关于重复经颅磁刺激在酒依赖患者精神依赖治疗中的应用逐渐得到关注,作为一种无创的治疗手段,重复经颅磁刺激容易被患者接受,且临床研究显示其在酒依赖治疗的多个领域有效,包括降低渴求,减轻抑郁焦虑以及改善认知,本文就此进行综述,供临床医生参考。     

Combined Yoga and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Increase Functional Connectivity and Synchronization in the Frontal Areas

Brain Topography - Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuro-stimulation technique that can modulate cortical excitability. Similarly, yoga is shown to affect the...     

Using the International 10-20 EEG System for Positioning of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

BACKGROUND: The International 10-20 system for EEG electrode placement is increasingly applied for the positioning of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in cognitive neuroscience and in psychiatric treatment studies. The crucial issue in TMS studies remains the reliable positioning of the coil above the skull for targeting a desired cortex region. In order to asses the precision of the 10-20 system for this purpose, we tested its projections onto the underlying cortex by using neuronavigation. METHODS: In 21 subjects, the 10-20 positions F3, F4, T3, TP3, and P3, as determined by a 10-20 positioning cap, were targeted stereotactically. The corresponding individual anatomical sites were identified in the Talairach atlas. RESULTS: The main targeted regions were: for F3 Brodmann areas (BA) 8/9 within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, for T3 BA 22/42 on the superior temporal gyrus, for TP3 BA 40/39 in thearea of the supramarginal and angular gyrus, and for P3 BA 7/40 on the inferior parietal lobe. However, in about 10% of the measurements adjacent and possibly functionally distinct BAs were reached. The ranges were mainly below 20 mm. CONCLUSION: Using the 10-20 system for TMS positioning is applicable at low cost and may reach desired cortex regions reliably on a larger scale level. For finer grained positioning, possible interindividual differences, and therefore the application of neuroimaging based methods, are to be considered.     

重复经颅磁刺激联合西酞普兰治疗难治性强迫症随机对照研究

目的观察重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)合并西酞普兰对难治性强迫症患者的疗效和不良反应。方法被试入组后随机分配到联合治疗组(rTMS+西酞普兰联合治疗)和药物治疗组(西酞普兰单独治疗)。西酞普兰治疗范围为20～60mg/d,起始剂量20mg/d,在2周内渐增至40～60mg/d。联合治疗组治疗时使用rTMS真刺激,刺激部位为右侧背外侧额叶,刺激频率为10HZ,刺激强度为100%运动阈值。药物治疗组治疗时使用rTMS伪刺激。观察疗效6周。采用Y-BOCS、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定疗效,盲法评定。采用副反应量表(TESS)评价不良反应。结果联合治疗组基本痊愈5(14.71%)例,显著进步13(41.18%)例,好转7(23.53%)例,无效7(20.59%)例。药物治疗组基本痊愈2(6.45%)例,显著进步6(19.35%)例,好转11(35.48%)例,无效12(38.71%)例。两组疗效比较以联合治疗组较好(χ2=6.036,P=0.049)。两组治疗前Y-BOCS、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05);两组治疗后各量表评分均显著下降(P均0.01),以合用组下降更明显(P0.05)。两组TESS评分比较在治疗2、4、6及8周末,差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论右侧额叶背外侧rTMS刺激结合西酞普兰治疗难治性强迫症疗效优于单纯西酞普兰治疗。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗抑郁症的疗效分析及相关机制

目的:探讨重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对抑郁症患者症状及血清中脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的影响,并进一步分析二者的关系。方法:连续入组在精神科病房首次住院的抑郁症患者64例,将其随机分为真刺激组和伪刺激组,伪刺激组仅给予盐酸帕罗西汀治疗,真刺激组在给予盐酸帕罗西汀治疗的基础上加以10HZ重复经颅刺激治疗,治疗前和治疗4周后用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评估真刺激组和伪刺激组的症状,并抽取患者静脉血测定血浆中BDNF的含量,运用SPSS 20.0对收集的数据进行统计分析。结果:1真刺激组和伪刺激组治疗前HAMD总分和血清BNDF含量无明显差异,年龄、性别以及服用盐酸帕罗西汀的剂量比较无明显差异(P0.05);2治疗4周后真刺激组和伪刺激组的HAMD分值较治疗前均明显降低(t=22.417,19.380;P0.001),血清BNDF含量较治疗前明显升高(t=-14.612,-12.445;P0.001);真刺激组HAMD的减分值和血浆BNDF的升高值均显著大于伪刺激组(t=2.652,2.268;P0.05);3真刺激组和伪刺激组的疗效分布有显著差异,真刺激组疗效显著高于伪刺激组(Z=-3.283,P=0.001);4HAMD的减分值和血浆BNDF的升高值呈显著正相关(r=0.494,P0.001),BDNF差值可以解释HAMD差值变异的23.2%。结论:高频重复经颅磁刺激治疗可以显著提高抑郁症患者的治疗效果,BDNF分泌被激活可能是经颅磁刺激治疗抑郁症有效的机制之一。