微型钛板螺钉融合手指近指间关节的临床研究

目的 探讨应用微型钛板螺钉融合手指近指间关节的手术疗效.方法 采用塑形后的微型钛板螺钉对29例(44指)男性患者的手指近指间关节进行融合,手术均采用背侧入路.结果 术后29例均获得4～7个月的随访,伤口无感染及皮肤坏死,融合关节临床愈合时间为6～8周,X线片骨性愈合时间为2～3个月,无延迟愈合、骨不连或畸形愈合.结论 本术式操作简单,掌握容易;缩短骨性愈合时间;大大降低骨不连的发生率、畸形愈合率、针道感染及骨髓炎的发病率.     

应用微型钢板与交叉克氏针融合手指近指间关节的疗效对比

目的探讨应用微型铜板螺钉与交叉克氏针融合手指近指间关节的手术疗效。方法对53例79指近指间关节内骨折、骨缺损患者,分别采用微型钢板螺钉和交叉克氏针固定进行关节融合,其中A组30例47指行微型钢板螺钉固定,B组23例32指行交叉克氏针固定。术后分别对并发症、骨愈合情况以及功能恢复进行比较。功能恢复情况按照TAM功能评定标准进行比较。结果术后随访4～24个月,平均11个月。A组无感染及皮肤坏死,无延迟愈合、骨不连及旋转畸形。融合关节临床愈合时间为6～8周,平均7．3周,X片示骨性愈合时间为8～9周;B组针道感染3指,旋转畸形3指．延迟愈合4指,无骨不连。融合关节,临床愈合时间为7～15周,平均11．2周。X片示骨性愈合时间为10～16周。优良率A组为90．7％,B组为67．1％。术后并发症：A组在邻近关节僵硬、局部不适及肌腱粘连等方面均低于B组。结论微型铜板固定近指间关节融合明显优于交叉克氏针固定。     

AO微型钉板在指间关节融合术中的临床应用

目的探讨手指间关节融合术方法与疗效。方法采用AO微型钉板进行指间关节融合31例。结果本组获随访3～24个月,9例术后1.5个月达到骨性愈合,20例术后2.5个月达到骨性愈合,2例术后4.5个月达到骨性愈合。伤指术后疗效评定结果:良29例,可2例。结论 AO微型钉板应用于近指间关节融合中,伤指骨质愈合及活动有优势,但对于远指间关节(拇指除外),术后有钉板外露等并发症,手术需慎重。     

微型钛板螺钉与交叉克氏针融合近指间关节的比较研究

目的 比较微型钛板螺钉与交叉克氏针融合近指间关节的临床疗效.方法 对59例85指近指间关节损伤的患者,采用微型钛板螺钉和交叉克氏针进行关节融合术,其中微型钛板螺钉组(A组)38例55指,交叉克氏针组(B组)21例30指.术后根据TAF评定标准对两组进行比较.结果 术后随访时间为4 ～ 39个月.术后A组无感染,B组4指感染.A组骨折愈合时间为6～8周,平均7.2周;B组骨折愈合时间为7～ 16周,平均11.4周.术后重返工作时间A组平均为13.1周,B组平均为17.9周.优良率A组为85.5％(47/55),B组为66.7％(20/30).结论 微型钛板螺钉组的治疗效果明显优于克氏针组.     

手指近节指骨骨折后旋转畸形的治疗

目的 探讨手指近节指骨骨折后原位截骨矫正旋转畸形的手术疗效.方法 用钛板螺钉对6例手指近节指骨旋转畸形愈合的患者进行原位截骨矫形后固定,手术均采用背侧入路.结果 术后随访6～22个月,伤口无感染及皮肤坏死,骨愈合时间为6～9周,无延迟愈合、骨不连或畸形愈合.结论 近节指骨骨折处原位截骨不仅可提供更精确的矫形,恢复手指的功能,改善外观,还能解决骨折继发的肌腱粘连,最大限度地减少软组织的损伤.     

携带微型皮瓣的第二趾近趾间关节移植修复手指近指间关节缺损

目的 探讨采用携带微型皮瓣的游离第二趾近趾间关节移植修复手指近指间关节缺损的临床疗效.方法 对23例28指近指间关节缺损的患者,采用吻合血管的第二趾近趾间关节游离移植,其中全关节移植18指,半关节移植10指.结果 23例28指微型皮瓣全部存活,术后伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染及骨髓炎发生.所有移植骨关节均愈合,临床愈合时间为4～8周,骨性愈合时间为6～10周;术后随访时间为5～16个月,平均9个月,移植关节均未出现退行性改变.1例2指半关节移植者术后移植关节向掌侧脱位,经手术再次矫形获得成功.移植近指间关节屈曲活动度为35°～90°,平均65°.参照关节活动度TAN/TAF评定标准评定:优10指,良14指,可2指,差2指;优良率为86%.结论 采用携带微型皮瓣的游离第二趾近趾间关节移植修复手指近指间关节缺损,功能恢复满意,关节活动可满足日常生活的需要,能很好地改善关节的功能.     

侧方微型钛板内固定治疗近节指骨骨折

目的 报道应用侧方切开复位微型钛板内固定治疗近节指骨骨折的临床效果.方法 对14例16处近节指骨骨折行侧方切开复位微型钛板内固定治疗.术后2d进行手指功能锻炼.结果 术后随访10～36个月,平均13个月.所有患者于术后5～9周（平均6周）骨折均达到骨折临床愈合,无感染及畸形愈合的发生.按TAM法进行功能评定,优9例,良5例.结论 采用侧方切开复位微型钛板内固定治疗近节指骨骨折可减少对肌腱的刺激和关节僵硬的发生,手指功能恢复良好.     

AO螺钉在远位指间关节融合中的应用

目的探讨采用AO螺钉进行手指远位指间关节(DIP)融合的手术技巧和临床应用价值。方法采用AO螺钉内固定进行DIP融合手术。结果本组获随访3个月～1年,15例(23指)DIP病变患者融合术后的DIP关节4周获骨性愈合14指,6周愈合4指,8周愈合1指,12周愈合3指,1例(1指)因末节指骨骨吸收,术后3个月融合关节未获骨性愈合,手术取出内固定物。结论应用AO螺钉进行手指DIP融合术具有操作简便、术后并发症少、疗效确切、可早期功能训练的优点。     

微型钛板掌侧固定治疗手指近节指骨骨折

目的 分析应用微型钛板掌侧固定治疗近节指骨骨折的可行性和可靠性.方法对15例18指闭合性近节指骨骨折,做掌侧“Z”形切口,骨折复位后应用微型钛板内固定.术后2d开始主动屈、伸手指进行功能锻炼.术后1周内测定手指中节和末节感觉.结果术后患指中、末节均无感觉障碍.随访时间为4～8个月,18指骨折全部愈合,未见畸形愈合,骨折临床愈合时间为6～ 10周,无关节僵直、肌腱粘连等并发症.按手指关节总活动度(TAM)法进行功能评定:优16指,良2指.结论采用微型钛板掌侧固定治疗手指近节指骨掌侧骨折,手术操作简便,固定可靠,可作为指骨掌侧骨折的治疗方法之一.     

3种手术方法融合手指近侧指间关节的疗效比较

目的探讨应用交叉克氏针法、交叉克氏针加张力带法、微型钢板螺钉等3种手术方法对手指近侧指间关节融合的疗效分析比较。方法应用交叉克氏针固定、交叉克氏针加张力带固定、微型钢板螺钉固定等融合63例（73指）手指近指间关节。结果63例获得5～20个月的随访,按TAM功能评分标准评定疗效,克氏针固定组、克氏针张力带固定组、微型钢板螺钉组优良率分别62．50％、86．96％、88．89％。前者分别与后2组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,后2组组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论从术后指间关节骨愈合时间、关节融合失败、创口感染率及手部功能等比较,交叉克氏针加张力带法、微型钢板螺钉固定组无差异,但均优于交叉克氏针固定组。     

Treatment of nonunion of fractures in the epiphyseal-metaphyseal region of long bones

Twenty-four consecutive patients with fracture nonunion in the metaphyseal-epiphyseal areas of long bones were surgically treated. Average time from injury to treatment of the nonunion was 10 months, and average follow-up time after surgical treatment was 29 months. Eight patients with infected nonunions had initial debridement procedures; three of these patients then had placement of external fixators and bone grafting. The remaining five patients and 13 others were then treated by open reduction and internal fixation alone or with the addition of autogenous cancellous bone grafting. Single or double plates and screws were used. Arthrolysis, joint manipulation, and intensive postsurgical exercises were considered necessary to regain joint function. One patient underwent a hemiarthroplasty, and two others underwent arthrodesis as the initial nonunion treatment. Twenty of the 21 patients not treated by arthrodesis or arthroplasty healed their fractures in an average time of 7 months. Fifty-two percent of the patients achieved good or excellent range of motion (ROM) of the contiguous joint, with 70% of the patients reporting no pain in this joint. These fractures have excellent intrinsic healing capability because they occur in anatomical regions with a normally abundant circulation. We recommend stable fixation, with the need for bone grafting only in defect nonunions, together with intra- and postoperative joint mobilization to obtain a satisfactory functional end result.     

闭合复位LISS钢板治疗胫骨近端多段骨折的临床疗效

目的：通过应用闭合复位AO微创内固定系统（LISS）治疗胫骨近端多段骨折,探讨闭合复位LISS固定对该类骨折复位及愈合的影响。方法：2003年7月至2007年12月,采用闭合复位LISS钢板治疗胫骨近端多段骨折19例,男14例,女5例;年龄21—49岁,平均39．2岁;直接暴力致伤15例,间接暴力致伤4例。致伤原因：交通伤14例,高处坠落伤3例,摔伤2例。于术后随访观察患肢功能恢复情况,及摄X线片显示骨痂生成和骨折愈合情况。结果：患者均获随访,时间8-21个月,平均12．2个月。无固定丢失和骨折不愈合,无钢板和螺钉变形,无软组织感染。膝关节功能按Merchan等评分标准评定,优14例,良3例,可2例。结论：采用闭合复位LISS钢板治疗胫骨近端多段骨折,是一种有效的内固定方法,具有稳定固定、愈合率高、创伤低等优点。     

Hoffa骨折的治疗

目的 总结Hoffa骨折的临床特点,探讨其治疗方法及临床疗效.方法对2002年1月至2009年4月收治的20例24髁Hoffa骨折患者资料进行回顾性分析,男14例18髁,女6例6髁;年龄20～70岁,平均43.3岁.股骨内髁骨折15髁,外髁骨折9髁;其中单侧双髁骨折2例,单侧双髁并对侧单髁骨折1例;新鲜骨折20髁,陈旧性骨折内固定失效4髁.骨折按Letenneur分型:Ⅰ型6髁,Ⅱ型4髁,Ⅲ型14髁.15髁使用从前向后方向2～4枚直径3.5或6.5 mm松质骨螺钉或空心螺钉固定,8髁使用从后向前方向螺钉固定,1髁开放性骨折采用2枚3.0 mm克氏针固定.5髁联合使用侧方支持钢板结合螺钉固定,3髁联合使用后方抗滑移钢板结合螺钉固定.结果 20例患者术后获平均14.4个月(6～84个月)随访.所有患者骨折均获骨性愈介,愈合时间为12～44 周,平均18.6周,无骨折不愈合、感染、内固定松动及股骨髁缺血性坏死等并发症发生.参照Letenneur等的Hoffa骨折术后功能评估标准评定疗效:优16髁,良6髁,差2髁,优良率为91.7%.结论 Hoffa骨折临床少见,螺钉固定是Hoffa骨折于术固定方法的金标准,螺钉固定方向、直径及手术切口的选择应视骨折类型和骨折块大小而定.对于不稳定Hoffa骨折,在螺钉固定的基础上应考虑联合应用侧方支持钢板或后方抗滑移钢板固定.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics and treatment of Hoffa fractures.Methods Twenty patients with Hoffa fracture (24 condyles) were treated from January 2002 to April 2009.They were 14 men (18 condyles) and 6 women (6 condyles), aged from 20 to 70 years (average, 43. 3 years).There were 15 fractures of medial femoral condyle and 9 ones of lateral femoral condyle. Two rare cases were fractures of unilateral bi-condyles and one rare case fractures of unilateral bi-condyles plus contralateral single condyle. Four fractured condyles were old due to implant failure and 20 were fresh. According to the modified Letenneur's classification, there were 6 condyles of type Ⅰ, 4 condyles of type Ⅱ and 14 condyles of type Ⅲ.Fifteen condyles were fixed anteroposteriorly with 2 to 4 cancellous or canulated screws, 8 condyles were fixed posteroanteriorly with 2 to 4 screws, and one condyle was fixed with K wires. Five condyles were fixed with screws plus lateral supporting plates, and 3 condyles with screws plus posterior anti-sliding plates. Results All the patients were followed up for an average of 14. 4 months (6 to 84 months) . All the 24 condyles obtained bony union after an average of 18. 6 weeks (from 12 to 44 weeks). There was no infection, implant failure, nonunion or bone necrosis. According to Letenneur's functional assessment system, 16 condyles were excellent, 6 good and 2 poor, with a good-to-excellent rate of 91. 7%. Conclusions All Hoffa fractures should be treated with screws. Screw diameter, fixation direction and surgical incision should depend on facture type and size of fracture block. Unstable Hoffa fractures should be treated with screws combined with lateral supporting plates or posterior anti-sliding plates.     

Failure of trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis with use of the Herbert screw and limited immobilization

Eighteen patients with trapeziometacarpal joint arthritis had arthrodesis with use of the 1.9 mm Herbert screw for internal fixation. Thumb spica cast immobilization was maintained for an average of 8 weeks, followed by thumb spica orthoplast splintage on a part time basis. Fourteen patients had radiographic follow-up an average of 12 months after operation. Seven had union and seven had a nonunion. There were three fixation-related complications and two nonfixation-related complications. Eleven patients had clinical follow-up an average of 12 months after operation. Four patients had no pain, five had mild pain, and two had moderate pain after operation. All had severe pain before operation. All were satisfied with the procedure. Although subgroups of patients had a higher rate of union with bone grafts or with immobilization over 8 weeks, the theory that arthrodesis with 1.9 mm Herbert screws does not require external splintage and allows early mobilization is not supported by this series.     

Locked Dorsal Compression Plate Arthrodesis for Degenerative Arthritis of the Midfoot

Midfoot arthrodesis is the accepted surgical treatment for symptomatic midfoot arthritis. The published literature has focused on joint-spanning static fixation. Several companies have developed diamond-shaped locked dorsal compression plates, which allow for longitudinal joint compression. After dorsal plate insertion, a spreader device opens the arms of the plate mediolaterally, which allows the plate to compress longitudinally. This work describes outcomes of such locked dorsal compression plates for midfoot arthritis at a single institution. We reviewed 62 patients who underwent midfoot arthrodesis for symptomatic midfoot arthritis using locked dorsal compression plates over a 7-year period. A total of 173 joints were spanned for fusion. The primary outcome measure was radiographic union and visual analog scale pain scores. Characteristics of patients who experienced nonunion versus those who had union were evaluated. Of the 173 joints, there was a 81.5% fusion rate (141/173 joints) and 14 patients experienced nonunion. There was a statistically significant difference in the average number of joints spanned in patients with nonunion (3.6) and patients with union (2.5) (p = .02). Locked dorsal compression plate arthrodesis is a viable technique for achieving midfoot fusion. This mechanical method of compression does not, however, lend itself to improved fusion rates compared with prior reports. A greater number of arthrodesis sites is associated with a higher nonunion rate. Emerging technology using newer materials and improved biomechanical designs may show improved results.     

静力型交锁髓内钉动力化治疗下肢骨干骨折延迟愈合

目的 探讨静力型交锁髓内钉动力化治疗下肢骨干骨折延迟愈合的效果。方法 对27例骨折应用静力型交锁髓内钉固定后的股骨和胫骨骨干延迟愈合患者，行近侧或远侧锁钉取出术进行动力化治疗。其中股骨干延迟愈合17例，胫骨干延迟愈合10例。结果 随访7—48个月，平均19．5个月。术后3—7个月(平均3．3个月)获临床愈合。无感染、断钉、关节损伤和内固定取出后再骨折。结论 静力型改为动力型是治疗交锁髓内钉固定后股骨和胫骨骨干延迟愈合的有效方法。应用时注意选择适当的手术时机，选择取出锁钉也要得当。     

The Sauvé-Kapandji procedure: indications and tips for surgical success

Arthrodesis is the most reliable and durable surgical procedure for the treatment of a joint disorder, with the main disadvantage of loss of motion of the fused joint. The distal radioulnar joint can be arthrodesed, while forearm pronation and supination are maintained or even improved by creating a pseudoarthrosis of the ulna just proximal to the arthrodesis. This is known as the Sauvé-Kapandji procedure. This procedure is not void of possible complications, such as nonunion or delayed union of the arthrodesis, fibrous or osseous union at the pseudoarthrosis, and painful instability at the proximal ulna stump. All of these can be prevented if a careful surgical technique is used.     

Alternative to the distal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis: lateral approach and plate fixation

PURPOSE: Several fixation techniques for distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint arthrodesis have been described, with good clinical results and complication rates between 10% and 20%. We propose an alternative technique and fixation method using a lateral approach and 1.3-mm plate and screws fixation. METHODS: Between March and September 2005, 11 patients, totaling 15 fingers, had DIP joint arthrodesis by the described technique. The indications were posttraumatic arthritis in 8 fingers, degenerative or rheumatoid arthritis in 5 fingers, and isolated flexor digitorum profundus tendon lesions in 2 fingers. Patients were analyzed for osseus union, pain relief, and functional mobility of the finger. RESULTS: Arthrodesis relieved pain and restored stability at the 12th week, on average, with osseous union in all patients. All patients maintained full proximal interphalangeal joint motion with pulp-to-palm distance of zero at 6 months of follow-up evaluation. There were no rotational or angular deformities, nail bed lesions, or skin complications. CONCLUSIONS: The lateral approach with plate and screws fixation is an option for DIP joint arthrodesis. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.