应用局部皮瓣治疗仰趾畸形

目的:探讨烧、创伤后,足背瘢痕挛缩所致仰趾畸形的治疗。方法:术中将足背瘢痕切除,彻底松解挛缩,将弓弦状伸肌腱切除部分或切断,切除部分挛缩的跖趾关节背侧关节囊,使关节复位,克氏针外固定,在拇指内侧或小趾侧,以跖趾关节处为蒂设计逆行皮瓣,转移覆盖外露的跖趾关节,供区及瘢痕切除后创面行全厚或断层皮片修复。结果:本组7例,均采用逆行皮瓣修复,畸形完全纠正,无继发畸形。结论:应用拇指及小趾侧方逆行皮瓣转移,治疗仰趾畸形可达到满意效果。     

One-Stage Reconstruction of an Upper Part Defect of the Auricle

A one-stage procedure for the reconstruction of a defect of the upper auricle is described. The anterior surface of a carved costal cartilage graft was covered with an anterosuperiorly based skin flap, and the posterior surface was covered by the superficial mastoid fascial flap and a skin graft. This method can be performed easily, without leaving any scar in the hair-bearing area or visible postauricular region, and can be applied to cases in which the condition of the margin scar of an auricular defect is poor.     

The free or pedicled anteromedial thigh flap

The anteromedial thigh flap first described by Song is a septocutaneous artery flap based on the septocutaneous perforator originating from the lateral circumflex femoral vessels and long saphenous vein. The use of this flap for 3 patients who required soft tissue coverage is reported herein. The most important advantage of this flap is that it can be used not only as a skin flap but also as a vascularized fascia graft and fasciocutaneous free flap for the full-thickness defect of the abdominal wall and cranial region.     

拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节缺损

目的探讨拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节缺损的临床疗效。方法对7例拇指末节缺损患者分别采用吻合血管拇趾甲皮瓣修复拇指背侧皮肤及指甲缺损、尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣修复拇指末节掌侧皮肤缺损、末节指骨缺损取髂骨移植。拇趾甲皮瓣供区采用游离植皮5例,同侧第2趾胫侧方皮瓣顺行覆盖2例;尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣供区均直接缝合。结果 7例拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣均顺利成活,伤口一期愈合。其中1例拇趾甲皮瓣供区植皮出现部分坏死,经换药后愈合。末节植骨愈合时间为8~11周,平均10周。去除内固定物后行规律功能锻炼。所有患者获随访6~15个月,平均8个月,移植组织成活及拇指指甲生长良好,指腹皮瓣两点辨别觉为8~10 mm(平均9 mm);足部供区皮瓣及植皮无破溃,足部功能未受影响。结论采用拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节能较好地恢复拇指外形及功能,是一种较好的临床治疗方法。     

桥式皮瓣联合游离植皮负压封闭引流修复下肢大面积环形软组织缺损

目的 探讨健侧胫后血管皮瓣桥携带游离皮瓣的桥式皮瓣联合游离植皮负压封闭引流(VSD)治疗下肢严重创伤后大面积环形软组织缺损的临床应用价值.方法 2008年1月至2010年6月,应用桥式皮瓣联合游离植皮VSD治疗11例患者,年龄15～52岁,平均32.5岁,男性7例,女性4例,均为下肢严重创伤后深部组织裸露或坏死感染的大面积环形软组织缺损,6例同时合并骨折.经彻底清创后,对不稳定骨折行外固定支架固定或简便内固定,然后采用VSD治疗1 ～2次,每次5～7d.待创面肉芽组织生长较新鲜后,采用桥式皮瓣移植修复患侧骨及深部组织裸露的创面,皮瓣周围残留的创面采用游离植皮VSD覆盖修复.术后对皮瓣移植区及皮片植皮区的存活情况和愈合质量进行随访.结果 11例患者经清创负压封闭引流5～14 d后,创面肉芽组织生长良好.再次清创后应用桥式皮瓣移植联合游离植皮VSD覆盖治疗,皮瓣移植区组织全部成活且质地、外观满意,感染控制良好,未形成窦道.6例游离植皮区由于面积较大术后遗留部分散在创面,4例经再次植皮,2例经积极换药后均完全消灭创面,游离皮瓣移植成功率100％.术后随访5～ 24个月,平均10.6个月,皮瓣质地柔软,外形良好,患肢功能恢复满意.结论 对于严重创伤后深部组织裸露的下肢大面积环形软组织缺损,VSD覆盖技术可有效修复创面,最大限度地恢复患肢的功能.     

(踇)甲瓣联合第二趾胫侧皮瓣修复拇指及虎口区皮肤缺损

目的 报道13例(踇)趾甲瓣联合第二趾胫侧皮瓣修复拇指及虎口皮肤缺损的临床效果.方法 2003～2007年间应用躅趾甲瓣联合第二趾胫侧皮瓣修复13例拇指及虎口皮肤缺损,其中2例为全手皮肤脱套伤.根据动脉的Gilbert分型采取不同的切取方式,2个组织瓣的神经应分别与受区相应神经吻合.结果 术后再造指及皮瓣全部成活,受区创面全部一期愈合.术后9例获得随访,平均随访时间7个月.再造指及皮瓣色泽与正常拇指相近.1年以上随访病例感觉恢复好,痛触温觉敏感,两点辨别觉为7～17 mm.拇指外展60°～85°,平均75°.拇指功能好,患者能恢复正常工作生活.结论 将拇指和虎口作为一个整体进行修复.应用(踇)趾甲瓣联合第二趾胫侧皮瓣修复拇指合并虎口区皮肤缺损是一种有效的修复方法,有利于手功能的恢复.     

Closure of nasal septal perforation with a cutaneous flap and a perichondrocutaneous graft

A cutaneous flap from the cheek and a perichondrocutaneous free graft is used for closing a perforation of the nasal septum. The cutaneous flap is rotated to set into the defect covering one side of the perforation while the other side is covered with a free perichondrocutaneous graft, nutrified by vascular proliferation from the cutaneous flap. The anterior side of the auricular concha is used as donor site for the composite perichondrocutaneous graft. The cutaneous flap is divided after about four weeks. Twenty-eight patients have been operated on with this technique; 27 had a complete closure after an observation time of four to eight years. A biopsy three months after the operation showed that the perichondrium generated cartilage as supporting tissue. The technique was modified as using a labiobuccal mucosal flap showed unfavourable results.     

Fingertip reconstruction with flaps and nail bed grafts

We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 14 fingertips reconstructed with a combination of local or regional flaps and nail bed grafts, some of which were placed wholly or partially over a de-epithelialized flap. Most of the fingertips sustained a crushing injury and were reconstructed at the time of the injury. Soft tissue coverage was provided by palmar V-Y flaps in 6 cases, thenar flaps in 4, lateral V-Y flaps in 2, a Moberg flap in 1, and a cross-finger flap in 1. Split toenail bed grafts were used in 6 cases, full-thickness nail bed grafts from the amputated part in 6, and split nail bed grafts from the injured digit in 2. There was 1 partial graft loss and 1 partial flap loss. The remaining cases had completely successful grafts and good soft tissue healing. Subsequent nail growth and adherence were good in all but the 1 digit requiring secondary composite grafting.     

第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的 探讨第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣瓦合修复指端缺损的临床疗效.方法 对16例拇、手指指端复合组织缺损的患者,设计以趾底固有动脉-甲皱襞血管筋膜蒂为血管蒂的第二趾趾端复合组织,串联趾侧方皮瓣进行瓦合修复.结果 术后16例皮瓣全部存活,随访时间为4～17个月,平均12个月.手指功能恢复优良,皮瓣两点分辨觉为4～9 mm,外观逼真,指甲生长外形良好.供区趾甲生长良好,趾端无疼痛,植皮无破溃发生.结论 应用第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣修复手指指端缺损,受区外形好,供区损伤小.     

第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的 探讨第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣瓦合修复指端缺损的临床疗效.方法 对16例拇、手指指端复合组织缺损的患者,设计以趾底固有动脉-甲皱襞血管筋膜蒂为血管蒂的第二趾趾端复合组织,串联趾侧方皮瓣进行瓦合修复.结果 术后16例皮瓣全部存活,随访时间为4～17个月,平均12个月.手指功能恢复优良,皮瓣两点分辨觉为4～9 mm,外观逼真,指甲生长外形良好.供区趾甲生长良好,趾端无疼痛,植皮无破溃发生.结论 应用第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣修复手指指端缺损,受区外形好,供区损伤小.     

第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的 探讨第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣瓦合修复指端缺损的临床疗效.方法 对16例拇、手指指端复合组织缺损的患者,设计以趾底固有动脉-甲皱襞血管筋膜蒂为血管蒂的第二趾趾端复合组织,串联趾侧方皮瓣进行瓦合修复.结果 术后16例皮瓣全部存活,随访时间为4～17个月,平均12个月.手指功能恢复优良,皮瓣两点分辨觉为4～9 mm,外观逼真,指甲生长外形良好.供区趾甲生长良好,趾端无疼痛,植皮无破溃发生.结论 应用第二趾趾端复合组织串联趾侧方皮瓣修复手指指端缺损,受区外形好,供区损伤小.     

Modified great toe wrap for thumb reconstruction

Reconstruction of the traumatically amputated thumb can be achieved with good cosmetic and functional results utilizing autogenous bone graft and a neurosensory free wrap-around flap from the great toe. The donor area of the toe is modified to create a wrap-around flap to transfer innervated glabrous skin from the medial and lateral borders of the toe. This modification includes nail and nail matrix while preserving toe length and the important plantar weight-bearing skin of the great toe. A series of three patients who have undergone thumb reconstruction utilizing this method are reported. Postoperative follow-up averages 15 months. Sensory recovery is comparable to that reported in the literature; cosmetic appearance of the thumb and nail growth are good.     

Thumb reconstruction with combination of the wrap-around flap prefabricated by medialis pedis perforator flap with nail bed and phalanx banked from the amputated thumb: A case report

Thumb reconstruction has been a very challenging issue for hand surgeons. In this report, we present a case of thumb reconstruction with combination of the wrap-around flap prefabricated by the medialis pedis perforator flap with phalanx and nail bed banked from the amputated thumb. A 22-year-old man suffered from the left thumb amputation as well as large soft tissue defect of hand and comminuted fracture in wrist due to a crush accident. The distal phalanx and nail bed of left thumb were exposed and no suitable vessels for microsurgical anastomosis could be found, resulting in the great difficulty of replantation. After debridement, nail bed of the amputated thumb was dissected and banked on the medial side of foot, while the distal phalanx was buried in the abdominal subcutaneous tissue. The fracture was fixed with an external fixation and the soft tissue defect was covered with a free anterolateral flap. Wound and bone healing was achieved 6 months after the initial treatment. Thumb was reconstructed with combination of the banked phalanx and a wrap-around flap prefabricated by the medialis pedis perforator flap and the banked nail bed. The postoperative course was uneventful with complications from both reconstruction and donor sites. The nail of the reconstructed thumb grew normally. Thumb oppositional function was rebuilt. The patient was satisfied with the aesthetic and functional outcome at 5-year postoperative follow-up. We propose that tissue banked from the nonreplantable amputated thumb could be used for secondary reconstruction with the technique of flap prefabrication.     

风筝样皮瓣修复面部软组织缺损的临床应用

目的探讨风筝样皮瓣在面部软组织缺损修复中的应用效果。方法我科自2005年1月至2008年5月．对21例面部因外伤、体表肿瘤、黑痣、瘢痕等切除术后软组织缺损进行修复。将病变组织行圆形、梭形或椭圆形切除．于缺损的一侧设计、形成以皮瓣基底部皮下组织为蒂，或以皮瓣两侧皮下组织为蒂的“风筝”样皮瓣，皮瓣最大宽度小于或等于缺损直径，长度约为缺损直径的2．0—2．5倍，推进覆盖缺损部位。结果21例患者术后风筝样皮瓣全部成活。经1。12个月，皮瓣在色泽、形态和功能上均保持良好，修复效果显著。结论风筝样皮瓣修复面部软组织缺损，血运可靠．切口愈合后瘢痕不明显，术后效果好，方法简单．值得推广。     

Thin split-thickness toenail bed grafts for avulsed nail bed defects

Avulsed defect of a fingernail bed is a common injury in acute hand trauma. Insufficient management for this type of nail bed avulsion often leads to an irregular and nonadherent nail. The use of thin split-thickness sterile matrix graft from the great toe for immediate replacement of a nail bed defect can regain a smooth, adherent, and normal-looking nail. Between May of 1998 and December of 2001, we used thin split-thickness toenail bed grafts in 13 fingers of 12 patients with avulsed defects of the nail bed. The end results of this technique were excellent and no deformities occurred in the graft donor area. Thin split-thickness toenail bed graft is a good choice for the treatment of acute nail bed avulsion.     

A simple technique for the excision of vascular malformations of the scalp

A simple technique for the excision of vascular malformations of the scalp is described herein. Surgical excision is easily accomplished by placing hemostatic sutures all around the lesion outside the line of excision, whereby minimal blood loss is achieved. The resulting defect can be covered by a split skin graft or flap.     

腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复上下肢创面

目的介绍吻合血管的腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复上下肢创面的临床方法和经验。方法采用吻合血管的腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复上下肢创面11例，女6例，男5例。皮瓣设计区域为同侧小腿，腓肠内侧肌肌腹以远1／2的表面部分，前内界为胫骨的内后缘，后外侧界为小腿后正中纵轴线，皮瓣的轴行线为前内界和后外侧界的中线。皮瓣长8～15cm，宽6～14cm。结果10例皮瓣成活，皮瓣质地柔软，富有弹性，不臃肿，恢复了一定的触觉；1例皮瓣全部坏死，经扩创、断层皮片修复创面；不影响供区的运动功能。结论腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣可以用来修复上下肢创面，尤其对手足部创面的修复有较为满意的临床疗效。     

Tubed free flap combined with split-rib-graft for reconstruction of multiple oral cavity defects. A case report

The successful use of a conventional bone graft for mandibular reconstruction in combination with a free forearm flap is described. Two separate intraoral mucosal defects, one in the mandible and one in the palate, were covered, using the same flap and partial tubing of the flap. Three weeks post-flap-transfer the flap was successfully divided. A safe reliable and versatile technique combining nonvascularized bone graft and free flap for simultaneous reconstruction of mandibular and intraoral mucosal defects is described. Simultaneous coverage of multiple intraoral defects with tubing of the flap is found to be possible.     

Free adipofascial flap for scalp reconstruction: case report

The authors describe a case in which a large defect of the scalp was present after tumor excision. It was covered with a free adipofascial flap and a split-thickness skin graft, with satisfactory results. Numerous similar cases of scalp defects reconstructed with other free flaps have been described. But since donor-site morbidity is minimized with free adipofascial flaps, they should be used more often for reconstruction of scalp defects.     

Nail salvage using the eponychial flap

Loss of distal fingertip bone and soft tissue defect can be treated using different methods, but the involvement of the nail influences the choice of surgical approach and makes reconstruction more difficult. The eponychial flap is a backward cutaneous translation flap that lengthens the nail plate and restores a good appearance of the nail apparatus. Pulp reconstruction is usually performed using local flaps (Tranquilli-Leali or Venkataswami flaps). The eponychial flap technique is a safe and easy technique that is indicated in cases of transverse fingertip angulations for lengthening the short amputated nail. This procedure can be used in combination with different flaps for pulp reconstruction.