异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗极重度骨髓型和肠型急性放射病的临床报告

目的 探讨异基因外周血造血干细胞移植在肠型和极重度骨髓型放射病救治中的作用和地位.方法 山东"10·21" 60Co 辐射事故中2例病人受到意外照射,病例A受照射剂量20～25Gy,诊断为"肠型放射病",病例B受照射剂量9～15Gy,诊断为"极重度骨髓型放射病".经联合环磷酰胺、抗淋巴细胞球蛋白和氟达拉滨预处理,2例分别行HLA半相合及全相合外周血造血干细胞移植.采用环孢霉素A和骁悉方案(病例A加用CD25单抗和供者间充质干细胞)预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD).结果 2例均移植成功,供体完全存活,移植后9～11天白细胞开始恢复,2周后白细胞恢复正常、骨髓造血重建成功.2例均未发生移植排斥和GVHD.病例A照射后33天死于败血症和多器官功能衰竭.病例B照射后75天死于心衰为主的多器官功能衰竭.结论 HLA相合及半相合外周血造血干细胞移植救治极重度骨髓型和肠型急性放射病是完全可能和可行的,联合免疫抑制剂预处理对促进供体稳定植入是必要的,环孢霉素A、骁悉和CD25单抗及供者间充质干细胞对预防GVHD有重要作用.     

医源性急性放射病的临床探讨

目的 通过观察医源性急性放射病的临床和治疗经验，为事故性放射病的救治提供依据。方法 观察41例经过大剂量照射预处理的自体外周血造血干细胞移植患者的外周血象、体温和症状，并作统计学比较与相关分析。结果 照射后患者外周血白细胞、血小板逐渐下降，平均于照后第10天、第13天至最低值，分别于第18天、第17天恢复，血红蛋白仅有轻至中度降低。移植后使用rhG-CSF与未使用rhG-CSF患者造血重建时间差异有统计学意义。移植前采集的单个核细胞数与骨髓重建时间呈负相关。照射副作用除常见呕吐、乏力、腮腺肿大、口腔溃疡、肝功异常及皮肤损伤外，25．6％患者照射后体温升高。粒细胞减少或缺乏期感染发生率为63．4％，多为轻度，心脏功能及肾脏功能基本不受影响。患者均能平稳渡过骨髓抑制期。结论 rhG-CSF的应用可明显缩短粒细胞缺乏期，促进骨髓重建；而移植前采集足够数量的单个核细胞是治疗医源性放射病、缩短造血恢复时间的关键；严格实行全环境保护和及时、联合、足量应用抗生素的原则为医源性急性放射病患者能够顺利渡过极期、减少感染等合并症提供了保证。     

单倍体外周血造血干细胞移植治疗肠型急性放射病

目的 探讨单倍体外周血造血干细胞移植在救治肠型急性放射病中的作用.方法 山东"10·21"辐射事故患者"A"受到60Co γ射线全身相对均匀照射达20～25Gy,诊断肠型急性放射病.照射后3天全环境保护、抗感染、刺激因子、HLA配型等,给予"环磷酰胺(CTX) ATG 氟达拉滨"预处理,7天行同胞间单倍体外周血造血干细胞移植,采用"环孢霉素A(CsA)/FK506 骁悉(MMF) CD25 间充质干细胞(MSC)"预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),并给予对症支持治疗.结果 17天白细胞开始上升,19天重建造血:白细胞数＞5×109/L,中性粒细胞绝对值＞4×109/L,血小板＞30×109/L,网织红细胞恢复正常.多种检测证明稳定完全植入,未发生GVHD.19天发生肺部细菌及真菌混合感染,放射损伤及肺部感染逐渐加重,33天死于多脏器功能衰竭(MOF).结论 本例是国内肠型急性放射病造血干细胞移植首次成功报告,延长了存活时间,对类似病例的救治有重要指导意义.     

造血生长因子在医源性急性放射病的临床应用

目的 探讨造血生长因子对使用全身照射(TBI)进行干细胞移植预处理患者造血重建的影响,进而起到模拟事故性急性放射病,了解细胞因子在急性放射病患者救治中的作用。方法对1990-2012年75例预处理含TBI的造血干细胞移植患者及其供者的造血生长因子应用、植入情况、不良反应发生等进行回顾性分析,了解细胞因子在造血功能重建、造血干细胞动员中的作用以及不良反应。结果 造血干细胞移植患者除1例因预处理不良反应死亡外,其他患者全部恢复造血功能重建。应用rhG-CSF组粒细胞植入的中位时间自体移植为10 d、异基因移植为12 d。自体移植患者应用rhIL-11组与未应用rhIL-11组血小板植入的时间分别为(11.67±1.53)、(13.70±6.27) d。所有TBI患者中口腔溃疡发生率为48%,腹泻发生率为44%。造血重建过程中细胞因子不良反应不明显,动员过程中半数出现轻度不良反应。结论 细胞因子在TBI后造血功能重建以及移植时的造血干细胞动员中起关键作用。     

NK细胞在异基因造血干细胞移植中的作用和应用研究进展

NK细胞是异源反应性免疫细胞,它不仅具有直接的细胞杀伤作用,而且可以分泌多种细胞因子参与免疫细胞的调节。众多临床移植资料和动物实验证据提示,NK细胞对于异基因造血干细胞移植预后具有诸多有利影响：通过参与继发细胞免疫应答促进残存宿主细胞的清除,识别和攻击宿主白血病细胞发挥移植物抗白血病（graft versus leukiemia,GVL）效应,调节抗原提呈细胞（antigen present cells,APC）从而降低移植物抗宿主病（graft versus host disease,GVHD）的发生率和移植后白血病的复发率。由于上述现象的发现,目前NK细胞输注已开始用于异基因造血干细胞移植后的治疗,初步结果显示NK细胞治疗是安全的。为此我们对NK细胞在异基因造血干细胞移植中的作用和临床应用的研究进展作一综述。     

全身照射对造血干细胞移植后造血系统重建的临床分析

目的 分析比较全身照射对自体和异体造血干细胞移植后造血重建状况的影响。方法 对70例自体和异体造血干细胞患者移植后造血系统重建状况进行动态观察及分析。结果 两组患者移植后,粒细胞、血小板的下降与回升有一定规律性,自体移植组和异体移植组中性粒细胞恢复时间分别为14和16 d,血小板恢复时间分别为23和27 d,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但是无论自体或异体移植组中,外周血移植均较骨髓移植的造血系统重建时间短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);吸收剂量≥10 Gy者血小板重建时间较<10 Gy者缓慢(P<0.05);中性粒细胞恢复时间与吸收剂量无关。结论 在全身照射剂量条件相同情况下,自体和异体造血干细胞移植后造血系统重建状况差异无统计学意义,但是外周血造血干细胞移植较骨髓移植造血重建迅速,血小板恢复时间与吸收剂量有关。     

山东"10·21"辐射事故病人细胞遗传学动态观察

目的 评价山东"10·21"辐射事故2例严重放射病患者接受异基因外周血造血干细胞移植(Allo-PBSCT)后的植入状态.方法 通过常规染色体畸变(CA)分析、R显带核型分析及微核(MN)法对外周血样本和(或)骨髓样本进行细胞遗传学动态分析.结果 所获数据证明2例患者移植成功(为完全嵌合状态),植入状态稳定,骨髓与外周血的细胞遗传学分析结果基本一致.结果与用短串联-聚合酶联反应(STR-PCR)检测的植入情况及临床表现相符.结论 对急性放射病患者受照射后动态观察双 环畸变和MN检测可作为Allo-PBSCT后评价植入状态的指标.此外,在外周血淋巴细胞急剧减少的情况下,用骨髓样本进行细胞遗传学分析优于外周血样本.     

重组人造血增效因子对猴外周血干细胞的快速动员作用

目的观察重组人造血增效因子(rhHSF)对外周血造血干/祖细胞的快速动员作用。方法4只正常成年雄性猕猴连续4天皮下注射重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhGCSF)10μg/(kg·d)后,第5天用rhHSF250μg/kg一次皮下注射。另4只正常成年雄性猕猴仅皮下注射rhHSF500μg/kg一次。观察两组外周血造血干细胞的动员效果。结果一次皮下注射rhHSF后45min、1h和3h,外周血CD34+细胞、CFUGM和中性粒细胞数明显升高并达高峰,其幅度分别为药前值的1.8、3.3和24.9倍。单独应用rhGCSF后4天,对外周血CD34+细胞、CFUGM和中性粒细胞数分别为基值的34.8、4.2和2.7倍;联合应用rhHSF和rhGCSF的动员作用更加明显,CD34+细胞、CFUGM数和中性粒细胞数分别增至基值的41.3、8.3和4.9倍。结论rhHSF能快速动员造血干/祖细胞和中性粒细胞至外周血,并与rhGCSF有明显的协同作用。     

造血因子动员后自体外周血干细胞移植对急性放射病猴的治疗作用

目的　观察重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子 (rhG CSF)或rhG CSF +重组人干细胞因子 (rhSCF)动员后外周血干细胞 (PBSC)自身移植对 7 0Gyγ射线照射猴的治疗效果。方法　 15只正常成年猕猴分成照射对照、rhG CSF和rhG CSF +rhSCF 3组。rhG CSF 10 μg/(kg·d) (μKD)连续 5天皮下注射 ,rhSCF 2 0 μKD连续 8天皮下注射 ,后 5天与rhG CSF联用。照射对照组注射等体积的生理盐水。照射当天收集PBSC ,7 0Gyγ射线照射后 3～4h做自体PBSC移植 ,观察其造血恢复情况。结果　在移植后恢复期rhG CSF +rhSCF组白细胞数明显高于对照组和rhG CSF组。rhG CSF+rhSCF和rhG CSF组外周血小板数的恢复优于照射对照组 ,骨髓CFU数明显高于对照组。病理组织学检查表明 ,rhG CSF组骨髓腔内造血细胞数量超过照射对照组 ,但比rhG CSF +rhSCF组少。结论　rhG CSF或rhG CSF +rhSCF组动员后自体PBSC移植可明显促进急性放射病猴的造血功能恢复 ,两因子联用组的效果优于单因子组。     

运动与淋巴细胞、吞噬细胞研究进展

淋巴细胞是参与特异性免疫的主要细胞,其中T细胞主要介导细胞免疫,B细胞介导体液免疫。而完成非特异性免疫的细胞主要是吞噬细胞。人体外周血的吞噬细胞主要是中性粒细胞和单核细胞。因此,淋巴细胞和吞噬细胞历来是运动免疫学研究的重点。本文主要就近几年来有关这方面的研究成果作一综述。1运动与淋巴细胞1.1运动与淋巴细胞亚群运动对外周血淋巴细胞总数和亚群均有影响,主要表现为CD4+所占T细胞的比例下降,而CD8+上升或不变;也可表现为CD8+增加的比例大于CD4+增加的比例。最终结果是CD4+/CD8+比值下降。但也有报道运动后CD4+百分比…     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.