14例巨大纵隔肿瘤的外科治疗

目的:探讨巨大纵隔肿瘤的诊断、治疗方法及其疗效.方法:分析手术治疗14例巨大纵隔肿瘤的临床资料.结果:14例中完整切除9例,部分切除5例.1例术后出现急性肺水肿,2例术后出现呼吸衰竭,均治愈,无围手术期死亡.术后随访半年至8年,良性肿瘤术后疗效好,恶性者术后主要死于复发及远处转移.结论:选择合适的麻醉和手术方式治疗巨大纵隔肿瘤效果肯定,术中可选择分块或整块切除,防止避免大出血和复张性肺水肿.恶性者术后辅助化疗和(或)放疗以减少复发.     

甲状腺癌合并呼吸困难的处理

1980～1988年共治疗甲状腺癌合并呼吸困难10例,手术切除8例,切除率80％,无手术死亡。因纵隔广泛受累,仅切检后放、化疗和术中探查,发现癌块包绕颈动脉,未能切除,仅切检并狭窄平面下气管切开各1例,切除例剔除气管受累处:气管壁洞穿性缺损直径0.5cm 3例,均行气管造口;气管后间隙残留癌灶行狭窄平面下气管切开1例。切除例中,5例术后分别健在6年,5年半、5年、3年和1年半;2例于术后1、2年内死亡;1例2年后失访。未切除2例中,1例带瘤生存6月,另1例6月后死亡。提倡在无手术禁忌情况下争取较彻底切除。     

巨大纵隔肿瘤的外科治疗

目的回顾总结28例巨大纵隔肿瘤的诊断要点及外科治疗经验.方法对1980～2002年收治的28例巨大纵隔肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾分析.结果28例中全部切除23例姑息性切除5例,其中肺楔形切除2例,肺叶切除1例,部分心包切除5例,上腔静脉成形1例,无手术死亡.结论胸部X线、CT及B超是巨大纵隔肿瘤诊断的重要手段;麻醉时体位及手术切口的选择、术中操作技术注意可提高手术的安全性及切除率,应注意创面渗血及复张性肺水肿的防治.     

胸腔镜下纵隔肿瘤切除100例临床分析

目的:探讨电视胸腔镜下纵隔肿瘤切除的疗效。方法:收集本院胸外科2011年1月-2013年12月电视胸腔镜下纵隔肿瘤切除的患者100 例。采用双腔气管插管,静脉复合麻醉,胸腔镜下操作纵隔肿瘤切除术。记录纵隔肿瘤患者手术时间、术中出血量、胸腔引流管放置时间、术后引流量、住院时间、术后并发症及疼痛评分。术后随访0.5～3.0年,统计其复发率及远期疗效。结果: 100例纵隔肿瘤患者手术顺利,无中转开胸病例,手术成功率 100%。手术时间 (75.6±5.2)min;术中出血量 (60.10±7.8)ml;术后胸腔引流时间1～4天;术后住院时问3～7天。9例合并重症肌无力者症状无改善,2例合并单纯障碍性贫血患者贫血症状无改善。结论:胸腔镜纵隔肿瘤切除手术,具有微创、安全、减少患者痛苦及缩短术后康复时间等显著优势。     

10例原发性气管癌分析

目的 探讨原发性气管癌的临床特点和治疗策略.方法 回顾性分析巴黎德隆医院10例原发性气管癌的临床资料,男性6例,女性4例,中位年龄65岁.气管鳞癌6例,腺样囊性癌3例,神经内分泌小细胞癌1例.5例肿瘤位于气管上1/3,1例位于气管中1/3,4例位于气管下1/3.病变长度1.2～6.0 cm,平均长度3.8 cm.手术治疗组5例,采用手术治疗及术后放射治疗,术后放疗剂量45～61 Gy.非手术治疗组5例,采用放射治疗及辅助化疗,放疗剂量50～70 Gy.非手术治疗组中2例气管鳞癌因肿瘤较大浸润外膜放疗前植入气管内支架.全组中位随访时间84个月.用Kaplan-Meier方法计算生存率,log-rank法行显著性检验.结果 10例患者1年,5年生存率分别是80%,46%.手术治疗组的1年,5年生存率分别是100%,75%;非手术治疗组1年,5年生存率分别是60%,生存率是20%.手术治疗组和非手术治疗组的生存率差异无显著性.2例气管鳞癌放疗前采用气管支架植入的患者分别生存10个月,21个月后因肿瘤局部复发死亡.放疗后发生气管纵隔瘘1例行气管内支架植入,7个月后因纵隔感染死亡;治疗后发生气管狭窄1例,行气管支架植入后健在.结论 手术治疗是原发性气管癌的主要治疗方式.在不能手术时,放射治疗是有效的手段,但长期疗效有限.气管支架可作为姑息治疗的手段,迅速缓解气管狭窄和气管纵隔瘘,改善生存质量.     

巨大甲状腺肿合并胸骨后病变或气管软化的外科处理

目的：探讨巨大甲状腺肿合并胸骨后病变或气管软化的外科处理,以及开胸和气管悬吊的手术适应症。方法：回顾性分析1992年-2010年本院收治的66例巨大甲状腺肿患者的临床资料。其中24例为胸骨后甲状腺肿,42例合并气管软化,所有病例均在术前行米瓦试验摄片,以及颈部-上胸部CT。结果：胸骨后甲状腺肿常规做好开胸准备,24例中23例经颈部切口切除,1例术中冰冻证实为淋巴瘤仅行姑息性大部切除后续化疗;42例米瓦试验阳性患者,术中探查见局部受压处气管软骨环消失6例,气管软骨环变细、变薄、变软36例。36例甲状腺切除术后行单一气管悬吊患者获得临床治愈,6例气管悬吊加气管切开患者抢救成功,无手术死亡。52例获随访,随访时间3个月至18年,48例均无呼吸道梗阻症状,2例死于癌症复发转移,2例死于其他疾病。结论：绝大多数的胸骨后甲状腺肿可经颈部切口切除。术中探查有助于气管软化的确诊,气管悬吊是治疗巨大甲状腺肿合并气管软化的有效方法。     

巨大甲状腺肿合并胸骨后病变或气管软化的外科处理

目的:探讨巨大甲状腺肿合并胸骨后病变或气管软化的外科处理,以及开胸和气管悬吊的手术适应症。方法:回顾性分析1992年-2010年本院收治的66例巨大甲状腺肿患者的临床资料。其中24例为胸骨后甲状腺肿,42例合并气管软化,所有病例均在术前行米瓦试验摄片,以及颈部-上胸部CT。结果:胸骨后甲状腺肿常规做好开胸准备,24例中23例经颈部切口切除,1例术中冰冻证实为淋巴瘤仅行姑息性大部切除后续化疗;42例米瓦试验阳性患者,术中探查见局部受压处气管软骨环消失6例,气管软骨环变细、变薄、变软36例。36例甲状腺切除术后行单一气管悬吊患者获得临床治愈,6例气管悬吊加气管切开患者抢救成功,无手术死亡。52例获随访,随访时间3个月至18年,48例均无呼吸道梗阻症状,2例死于癌症复发转移,2例死于其他疾病。结论:绝大多数的胸骨后甲状腺肿可经颈部切口切除。术中探查有助于气管软化的确诊,气管悬吊是治疗巨大甲状腺肿合并气管软化的有效方法。     

11例颈段气管肿瘤的外科治疗

目的:探讨长段(切除长度≥6cm)颈部气管肿瘤行人工气管替代的外科手术治疗经验.方法:本院于1992年3月～2001年5月共对11例颈段气管肿瘤患者进行了自制的人工气管替代手术,其中原发性气管肿瘤5例,继发性气管肿瘤6例.手术方式均行全喉切除、气管切除、部分食管切除、人工气管远端造口术.结果:手术切除率100%.全组无手术死亡,术后并发症包括吻合口肉芽2例,颈部切口感染1例.随访2±3.5年,所有患者均生存良好.结论:使用人工气管替代颈段气管肿瘤切除后的长段缺损,可明显提高手术切除率和改善患者的生存质量.     

颈段气管肿瘤的外科治疗

目的　探讨颈部长段气管肿瘤行人工气管替代的的外科手术治疗经验。方法　我院于 1992年 3月～ 2 0 0 1年 5月共对14例颈段气管肿瘤的患者进行了自制的人工气管替代手术治疗 ,其中原发性气管肿瘤 8例 ,继发性气管肿瘤 6例。手术方式行全喉切除、气管切除、部分食管切除、人工气管远端造瘘 11例 ;行全喉切除、气管切除、部分食管切除、人工气管两端与受体气管吻合术 3例。结果　手术切除率 10 0 %。全组无手术死亡 ,术后并发症包括吻合口肉芽 2例 ,颈部切口感染 1例。所有病例均随访 2± 3.5年 ,患者均存活良好。结论　使用人工气管替代颈段气管肿瘤切除后的长段缺损 ,可明显提高手术切除率和改善患者的生存质量     

32例气管肿瘤的外科治疗

目的：总结32例气管肿瘤患者外科治疗经验。方法：回顾性分析我科1980～2005年收治的32例气管肿瘤患者外科治疗临床资料。结果：32例气管肿瘤患者中，23例行气管袖状切除端-端吻合术；8例行气管隆凸切除重建术；1例行气管开窗、肿瘤刮除术。术后2例死亡，另有8例发生术后并发症。结论：手术切除是治疗气管肿瘤最有效的方法。气管袖状切除端-端吻合术是治疗气管恶性肿瘤最主要的术式，良性肿瘤可以考虑保守的术式。手术治疗应该兼顾手术的根治性和安全性。     

Primary malignant giant cell tumor of bone: a study of eight cases and review of the literature.

Eight cases of primary malignant giant cell tumor of bone were reviewed. There was a wide range in age from 17 to 76 years, with the sixth decade of life being the most common. The tumor was more frequent among females (male to female ratio--3:5). The most common sites of occurrence were in the region of the knee, with the distal end of femur and the proximal end of tibia affected in three and two cases, respectively. Pain and swelling of the involved regions were the most common complaints. The roentgenographic and pathologic features and the treatment were analyzed in detail. Although these cases were considered malignant, the follow-up periods varying from 4 to 15 years were available in six of the eight cases; only one patient died of tumor, 8 months after the surgical procedure. One patient died of unrelated cause, but the others were all alive with no evidence of disease. The pertinent literature was analyzed and examples of secondary malignant giant cell tumors of bone were compared to those of this present series to delineate differences in natural history and clinicopathologic features. It was clearly established that primary malignant giant cell tumor of bone is a separate entity with a more favorable clinical behavior, particularly if the disease process is eradicated early on either by cryosurgery, en bloc radical resection, or amputation.     

原发性气管和主支气管恶性肿瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨原发性气管和主支气管恶性肿瘤外科治疗的临床经验.方法 对18例原发性气管和主支气管恶性肿瘤患者进行外科手术治疗,其中12例在非体外循环下进行,6例在体外循环下进行.全组气管袖式切除、端端吻合8例,气管下段和隆突切除、隆突重建4例,单纯行肿瘤刮除术4例,右全肺加隆突切除1例,左全肺加隆突切除1例.结果 腺样囊性癌7例,鳞状细胞癌9例,淋巴上皮样癌1例,滤泡型非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例.术后10 d,1例患者因气管切开后气管内大出血而窒息死亡,其他患者术后呼吸困难均有明显改善,近期疗效较好.结论 原发性气管和主支气管恶性肿瘤首先应考虑手术切除,并根据患者的具体情况选择适当的手术方法;手术治疗要兼顾根治性和安全性.     

原发性气管主支气管恶性肿瘤的外科治疗(英文)

Objective:The aim of our study was to explore the clinical experience of surgical treatment for primary tracheobronchial malignant tumors.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 18 patients with primary tracheobronchial malignant tumors surgically treated from February 1994 to August 2007 were reviewed retrospectively.The surgical management included sleeve tracheal resection in 8 cases,lower trachea and carina resection with carina reconstruction in 4 cases,local enucleation of the tumor in 4 cases,left or...     

26例原发性纵隔恶性生殖细胞瘤的诊治

目的:探讨原发性纵隔恶性生殖细胞瘤的诊治及外科手术的作用.方法:对26例收治的原发性纵隔恶性生殖细胞瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:22例手术治疗患者中,11例根治性切除,10例姑息性切除,1例探查,手术并发症发生率及死亡率分别为18.2%和9.1%,其中12例术后给予以顺铂为主的联合化疗,4例予以放疗.手术治疗患者术后病理为无性生殖细胞瘤12例,精原细胞瘤5例,未成熟畸胎瘤5例.3例未成熟畸胎瘤及1例胚胎癌患者明确诊断后未手术而给予放疗或放、化疗.本组26例患者中仅2例精原细胞瘤生存满5年,17例已证实死亡,除2例手术死亡外均死于肿瘤复发转移.结论:原发性纵隔恶性生殖细胞瘤的治疗应强调以化疗为主的综合治疗,外科切除只宜做为阶段性的辅助手段,手术时机把握应以具体患者情况而定.     

Malignancy in giant cell tumor of bone

BACKGROUND: The term malignant giant cell tumor embraces multiple entities and therefore can be confusing. The goals of the current study were to define the clinicopathologic and histologic features of malignancy in giant cell tumors and to clarify the terminology. METHODS: The authors reviewed all cases from the Rizzoli Institute (Bologna, Italy) of primary (PMGCT) and secondary (SMGCT) malignancy in giant cell tumors. PMGCT is a high-grade sarcoma that arises side by side with benign giant cell tumors. SMGCT is a high-grade sarcoma that occurs at the sites of previously treated giant cell tumors of bone. RESULTS: The authors report 5 PMGCTs and 12 SMGCTs; half of the SMGCTs were postradiation sarcomas. Patient age ranged from 20 to 68 years (median, 62 years) for PMGCT and from 30 to 77 years (median, 40 years) for SMGCT. The average latent period between diagnosis of giant cell tumor and diagnosis of SMGCT was 9 years (range, 3-15 years) for patients with postradiation SMGCT and 19 years (range, 7-28 years) for patients with SMGCT resulting from spontaneous transformation. The histologic classification of high-grade sarcomas in the PMGCT group was osteosarcoma in four cases and malignant fibrous histiocytoma in one case. In the SMGCT group, the histologic classification was osteosarcoma in nine cases, fibrosarcoma in two cases, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma in one case. The outcomes associated with all malignancies in giant cell tumors were poor, with the worst outcome associated with postradiation SMGCT. CONCLUSIONS: Malignancies in giant cell tumors of bone always are high-grade sarcomas with a poor prognosis. These lesions must be distinguished from benign giant cell tumors of bone. SMGCT usually is easy to diagnose upon malignant clinicoradiographic presentation. In contrast, PMGCT often mimics giant cell tumors both clinically and radiographically. In addition, upon histologic examination, PMGCT shows areas of conventional giant cell tumor, which can lead to difficulties in making the correct diagnosis.     

妊娠合并乳腺巨大恶性分叶状肿瘤2例报告及文献复习

目的:探讨乳腺恶性分叶状肿瘤的临床特点、治疗方法和预后。方法:回顾性分析2例妊娠合并乳腺巨大恶性分叶状肿瘤的诊治过程,并复习相关文献。结果:第1例患者经手术切除后局部复发,再次手术切除、局部放疗后随访至今,未见肿瘤复发转移;第2例患者,手术后短期内局部复发,再次手术后迅速出现双肺、胸膜转移,化疗疗效不显著,患者最终死亡。结论:乳腺恶性分叶状肿瘤的异质性显著,其诊治方法仍需要不断探索。     

Nonlymphoid mesenchymal tumors of the parotid gland

Salivary gland tumors are uncommon and most of them are of epithelial origin. Mesenchymal tumors affecting the parotid are extremely rare, and we present a series of 19 cases. All parotid tumors (600 cases) treated at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery from A.C. Camargo Hospital, Brazil from 1953 to 2003 were reviewed and 19 cases of nonlymphoid mesenchymal origin were selected. The histological characteristics were reviewed and clinical features were obtained from the medical charts. 15 out of 19 were benign tumors, including 5 lymphangiomas, 5 neurofibromas, and one case each of schwannoma, lipoma, solitary fibrous tumor, meningioma and giant cell tumor. Four malignant tumors were classified as rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis and endodermal sinus tumor. From the malignant cases, only the patient with fibrosarcoma died due the tumor, the other three are alive with no signs of recurrence. In our series of 600 cases of parotid gland tumors, nonlymphoid mesenchymal tumors corresponded to 3.16% (19 cases; 15 benign and 4 malignant). All cases were treated by surgery with no recurrences, except one case of fibrosarcoma whose patient died of distant metastasis.     

Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the heart--a case report

The patient, a 33 year old male, had suffered from swelling of the chest, neck and face for 4 months; palpitation, chest and epigastrium pain, cough and yellowish sputum for 10 days before admission into our hospital. Blood routine and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were normal. By X-ray examination, the right upper mediastinum was obviously widened with the trachea displaced toward the left and pleural effusion was present on both sides. On day 5 of admission, the patient died of heart failure. The clinical diagnosis was not clear but lymphosarcoma or other malignant tumors in the mediastinum was suspected. Autopsy was performed. A large tumor 8 X 10 X 2.5 cm in size was found in the right atrium. The tumor had a short and broad pedicle (6 X 5 cm in diameter) connected with the upper part of the atrial wall. The histological diagnosis was primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the heart.     

Three cases of primary lung and mediastinal malignant germ cell tumors --clinical and pathological studies

This is a clinical and pathological study of malignant germ tumors in the lung or mediastinum. Germ cell tumors may be considered to originate from primitive germ cells with totipotency. One of 3 cases showed clinical and pathological findings suggesting that a part of the tumor differentiated into many kinds of tissue, such as growing and metastasizing. Initial diagnosis was performed radiographically and pathologically with difficulty. But finally, the first patient was diagnosed as malignant teratoma, the second as yolk sac tumor and the third as choriocarcinoma, in consideration of the tumor markers and clinical process.