Comparison of radiological and clinical features of temporal lobe necrosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with 2D radiotherapy or intensity-modulated radiotherapy

Background:

To compare the imaging and clinical features of temporal lobe necrosis (TLN) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients treated with two-dimensional radiotherapy (2D-RT) or those with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Methods:

We retrospectively analysed NPC patients who underwent 2D-RT (72 patients, 128 temporal lobes) or IMRT (36 patients, 50 lobes) and developed radiation-induced, MRI-confirmed TLN.

Results:

White-matter lesions (WMLs), contrast-enhanced lesions, cysts and local mass effects were present in 128 out of 128 vs 48 out of 50 (P=0.078), 123 out of 128 vs 47 out of 50 (P=0.688), 10 out of 128 vs 1 out of 50 (P=0.185) and 57 out of 128 vs 13 out of 50 (P=0.023) temporal lobes, respectively, in the 2D-RT and IMRT groups. The WMLs were more extensive in the 2D-RT group (P<0.001). The maximum diameter of contrast-enhanced lesions was greater in the 2D-RT group (P<0.001), and these lesions tended to extend far away from the nasopharynx. The WMLs and enhancement had no impact on cyst development (both P=1). Local mass effects were always accompanied with contrast-enhanced lesions (P=0.024) but were not correlated with WMLs or cysts (P=0.523 and 0.341, respectively). There were no between-group differences in clinical features (all P-values>0.05), whereas the difference in the incidence of severe debility was of marginal significance (18.1% vs 5.6%, P=0.077).

Conclusions:

The IMRT-induced TLN was less extensive and milder than 2D-RT-induced TLN, but both had similar clinical features.     

鼻咽癌海绵窦侵犯调强放疗后放射性颞叶损伤的临床分析

目的 探讨海绵窦受侵的局部晚期鼻咽癌行调强放疗后发生放射性颞叶损伤的临床特征、MRI表现、放疗剂量和预后。方法 回顾性分析2006年8月至2011年9月收治的10例行根治性调强放疗的海绵窦受侵局部晚期鼻咽癌患者,统计放疗计划中患侧颞叶受照射的总体积和剂量体积D1 ml、Dmax、Dmean,并随访所有患者治疗后的情况,分析发生放射性颞叶损伤后的临床特征、MRI表现及预后。结果 10例患者均行根治性调强放疗,患侧颞叶受照射的总体积为（104.31±13.091） ml,D1 ml为（78.657±2.918）Gy,Dmax为（78.298±3.498）Gy,Dmean为（29.488±8.891）Gy。全组患者于治疗后2～4年出现放射性颞叶损伤,其MRI表现均为T1WI高信号强化结节或片状强化灶,T2WI伴有不同程度的水肿带。随访至2016年8月,2例患者死亡;2例临床症状较重,迁延时间长,治疗后症状改善不明显,且MRI仍可见强化灶和水肿带;2例患者经对症处理后临床症状及MRI检查均明显好转;4例患者病情趋于稳定,其中2例患者的恢复期MRI提示小囊性灶形成。结论 海绵窦受侵的局部晚期鼻咽癌患者行调强放疗后发生放射性颞叶损伤与肿瘤侵犯范围、靶区勾画范围、颞叶受照射的体积及剂量有关。     

Long‐term surgical outcomes of temporal lobe epilepsy associated with low‐grade brain tumors

BACKGROUND:

Tumor‐related temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has a high likelihood of medical intractability and requires surgical treatment. The aims of this study were to analyze the long‐term surgical outcomes of and to present appropriate surgical strategies for tumor‐related TLE.

METHODS:

The clinical data of 87 consecutive patients diagnosed with tumor‐related TLE were analyzed. The median age at surgery was 22 years. Sixteen patients had a tumor confined to the amygdala or the parahippocampal gyrus, and 10 of them received a tailored lesionectomy without hippocampectomy. The surgical outcome was evaluated based on 3 aspects: seizure control, tumor control, and discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).

RESULTS:

The actuarial seizure and tumor control rates at the fifth year postoperatively were 79% and 90%, respectively. Seizure control was highly correlated with tumor control. The following factors were found to be significantly associated with poor seizure control: duration of epilepsy >10 years, presence of a remote focus on surface electroencephalography, and incomplete tumor removal. The actuarial AED maintenance rates were 47% at the second year and 11% at the fifth year. The median time to AED discontinuation was 22 months. A younger age at surgery was found to be significantly associated with an increased chance of AED discontinuation. Tailored resection focusing on the tumor resulted in a favorable outcome, even for tumors confined to the amygdala or the parahippocampal gyrus.

CONCLUSIONS:

Surgical treatment of tumor‐related TLE resulted in long‐term seizure control in the majority of patients. Maximal tumor removal can be recommended for tumor‐related TLE. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

贲门癌分型及转移特点在外科治疗中的意义

目的:探讨贲门癌分型和转移特点及不同手术方式的预后情况,制定合理规范的治疗方案。方法:1010例贲门癌手术患者,分别行标准根治术、扩大根治术和姑息性切除。胸腹联合切口609例,腹部正中切口136例,单纯开胸切口265例。联合胰脾切除57例。总结不同类型淋巴结转移的特点,分析不同手术方式的预后情况。结果:SiewertⅢ型占贲门癌的56.3%(569/1010),5年生存率仅39.19%,明显低于SiewertⅠ型和Ⅱ型患者,SiewertⅠ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型的胸部淋巴结转移率分别为13.3%(13/98)、9.3%(32/343)和1.6%(9/569),而且差异有统计学意义。结论:SiewertⅠ、Ⅱ型可经胸行根治术;SiewertⅢ型食管受累者需经胸腹联合切除进行根治;其余的贲门下癌均可经腹完成根治。     

鼻咽癌调强适形放射治疗后颞叶放射性损伤的相关因素分析

目的探讨初治鼻咽癌患者接受调强适形放射治疗（intensity modulated radiation therapy,IMRT）引起颞叶放射性损伤（temporal lobe necrosis,TLN）的发生情况并分析其相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析2006-01-01-2008-06-30中山大学肿瘤防治中心288例接受IMRT根治性放疗的初治鼻咽癌患者发生TLN的情况,并分析了患者性别、年龄、T分期、诱导化疗、同时期化疗、辅助化疗、联合化疗、鼻咽照射总剂量、鼻咽照射分次剂量、后装治疗、糖尿病或高血压病、肝病、吸烟、颞叶最大剂量和平均剂量与TLN发生的关系,进一步采用Logistic回归进行多因素分析TLN的独立危险因素,并用Kaplan-Meier法分析了具有不同独立危险因素的患者累积无颞叶损伤生存情况。结果 288例患者中有33例（11.5%）出现TLN;576侧颞叶中有41例（7.1%）出现TLN。TLN潜伏时间为17-70个月,中位时间36个月。ROC曲线分析显示,本组患者颞叶最大剂量分界点为65.85Gy,颞叶平均剂量分界点为15.42Gy;Logistic回归分析证实T分期、颞叶最大剂量和平均剂量是鼻咽癌放疗后TLN独立危险因素。T4、颞叶最大剂量≥65.85Gy及平均剂量≥15.42Gy的患者3年及5年累积无颞叶损伤生存率均显著低于低风险的患者,P均〈0.001。结论 T4、颞叶最大剂量≥65.85Gy和平均剂量≥15.42Gy是鼻咽癌IMRT后发生TLN的危险因素。     

滤泡型淋巴瘤患者临床特征及预后因素分析

目的:分析滤泡型淋巴瘤（follicular lymphoma,FL）患者的临床特征及预后因素。方法:对2006年至2016年115例经我院病理科确诊为FL患者进行回顾性病理及临床特征分析,其中62例住院诊治的患者中,30例接受含有利妥昔单抗方案的治疗,22例患者进行普通化疗,10例患者未行任何治疗,并随访观察。结果:62例患者中,利妥昔单抗联合化疗组和单用化疗组,2年OS率均为100%,5年OS率分别为90%和70%,OS间无显著性差异（P=0.332 5）。2年PFS率分别为94%和84%,5年PFS率分别为84%和49%,PFS间有显著性差异（P=0.025 3）。FLIPI-2预后分析,中危组中利妥昔单抗联合化疗与单用化疗组间2年PFS分别为100%、80%,有显著性差异（P=0.021 9）,低危组中利妥昔单抗联合化疗与单用化疗组间2年PFS分别为100%、95%,高危组中利妥昔单抗联合化疗与单用化疗组间2年PFS分别为92%、76%,低危组和高危组中利妥昔单抗联合化疗与单用化疗组相比PFS均无显著性差异。CD10表达阳性组的总反应率（37.14%）明显高于阴性组（22.86%）。结论:FL好发于60岁以下男性,结外病变少见,预后分层多为低危组。规律利妥昔单抗联合化疗可以进一步提高缓解率,延长生存期。     

鞍区脑膜瘤患者的临床特征及不同入路手术治疗临床效果分析

目的:研究鞍区脑膜瘤患者的临床特征及不同入路手术治疗临床效果,旨在为临床治疗提供理论依据.方法:选取我院在2011年10月至2016年10月期间收治的56例鞍区脑膜瘤患者.观察鞍旁型脑膜瘤与鞍上型脑膜瘤的临床特点,比较通过单侧额下入路与翼点入路的治疗差异,为鞍区脑膜瘤患者寻找好的治疗方式.结果:在本组所研究的56例患者中,SimpsonⅠ级与Ⅱ级共计39例,全切治疗率为69.64%,Ⅲ级与Ⅳ级分别为13例与4例;鞍上型脑膜瘤24例,鞍旁型脑膜瘤32例,鞍上型脑膜瘤出现视力下降、垂体受压、视野缺损、视神经或视交叉受压例数均高于鞍旁型脑膜瘤(P<0.05);两种入路方式在术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间等比较均无差异(P>0.05).结论:鞍旁型脑膜瘤与鞍上型脑膜瘤临床特点各异,鞍上型脑膜瘤对视力、视野、垂体受压、视神经压迫的影响比鞍旁型脑膜瘤更大.而在临床治疗中两种入路方式比较无差异,均能获得较好的临床疗效,值得在临床上推广.     

岛叶胶质瘤的手术治疗经验

目的:总结岛叶胶质瘤的治疗经验,并探讨3.0T磁共振（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）及术中B超技术在岛叶胶质瘤手术治疗中的应用。方法:回顾性分析18例岛叶胶质瘤患者,总结术前3.0T-MRI检查对手术参考价值并分析术中B超技术辅助肿瘤切除的意义。结果:6例（33%）患者术前因癫痫大发作和颅内压增高导致病情迅速恶化,采取急诊手术治疗,余12例患者行择期手术。术前3.0T-MRI对肿瘤边界及外侧豆纹动脉提供详细信息,术中B超可对肿瘤进行定位,并能够实时观察肿瘤切除程度,有利于最大程度切除肿瘤,但对于低级别胶质瘤,超声造影效果受限。结论:颅内压增高合并癫痫发作的岛叶胶质瘤需尽早手术。术前3.0T-MRI检查及术中B超技术有利于保护外侧豆纹动脉,并有助于最大程度切除肿瘤。     

18例颞叶神经节细胞胶质瘤的临床特点及手术疗效

目的：总结颞叶神经节细胞胶质瘤的临床特征及外科疗效。方法：回顾性分析四川大学华西医院1998年9月-2004年11月经手术后病理证实的患者临床资料。对患者进行了平均30个月的随访。结果：18例患者纳入本研究。其中包括14位男性和4位女性。手术时年龄从4到34岁（平均17．6岁）。所有患者均施行了至少一种手术方式。15例病理证实为WHOⅠ级，3例为WHOⅡ级。术后未见肿瘤复发，癫痫控制率达到84％。结论：颞叶神经节细胞胶质瘤患者临床症状以先兆、复杂性部分癫痫发作为最常见症状。随访显示。术后患者癫痫症状得到较好控制。肿瘤复发和恶性变风险较低。     

Clinicopathological features, surgical management, and disease outcome of perforated gastric cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Perforated gastric cancer is rare and generally not diagnosed preoperatively or intraoperatively, if a frozen section is unavailable. Therefore, the elucidation of its clinicopathological features and disease outcomes will help surgeons manage perforated gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The clinicopathological features, surgical management, and disease outcomes of 13 patients with perforated gastric cancer from March 1989 to May 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. Disease outcomes were analyzed in-depth based on tumor stage, depth of tumor invasion, operative curability, and three treatment groups. RESULTS: All 13 patients (median age of 72 years) received emergent laparotomy. Malignant gastric perforation was diagnosed intraoperatively in eight (61.5%) patients. Four patients whose frozen sections exhibited perforated gastric cancer underwent radical surgery with curative intent and were assigned to Group 1. Another four patients with overt distal metastases underwent palliative surgery and were assigned to Group 2. The remaining five patients were misdiagnosed as having benign gastric perforation and underwent local surgery; these patients were assigned to Group 3. All patients received follow-up for a median of 26 months. The survival rates for Stage I disease (P = 0.0342), T1/T2 tumors (P = 0.0342), and curative resection (P = 0.0012) significantly exceeded those of Stage III/IV, T3/T4 tumors, and non-curative resection. Additionally, the survival rates of Group 1 (P = 0.0067) and Group 3 (P = 0.0067) significantly exceeded those of Group 2. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed no significant predictor of prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: In resectable cases, one-stage radical gastrectomy with possible extensive lymphadenectomy should be encouraged if conditions allow. In cases of misdiagnosis, non-radical local surgery with curative resection is sufficient to treat early-stage cancer.     

Clinical and prognostic features of adult patients with gangliogliomas

Background

Gangliogliomas (GGs) represent <1% of primary brain tumors in adults. Little is known regarding prognostic features, clinical characteristics, or the impact of treatment on patient outcomes.

Methods

Our neuro-oncology longitudinal database was screened for patients with GG from 1992 to 2012. Sixty-seven patients (age >18 y) were identified.

Results

Sixty-two patients presented with low-grade GG and 5 with anaplastic GG. The median age at diagnosis was 29 years. With a median follow-up of 4.7 years after the initial diagnosis, 23 patients had progressive disease. Range of time to progression was 0.2–20 years. Nine patients with low-grade GG progressed to a malignant tumor. The median overall survival (OS) for all patients was not reached. The 2-, 5-, and 10-year OS for patients with low-grade GG were 100%, 88% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 73%, 95%), and 84% (95% CI: 67%, 93%), respectively.Factors identified by univariate analysis that were significantly associated with OS were age, KPS, extent of resection (EOR), and grade. Factors on univariate analysis that were significantly associated with progression-free survival were grade and EOR. On multicovariate Cox regression, lower tumor grade and younger age were significant factors for longer OS. EOR is a significant factor for progression-free survival.

Conclusions

While GG has excellent prognosis, malignant histologic grade, older age, and diagnosis with biopsy could indicate worse prognosis. The late nature and high rate of progression emphasize the importance of long-term follow-up. The role of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for incompletely resected low-grade GG remains unclear.     

原发性中叶肺癌的特征及外科治疗

目的 回顾分析原发性中叶肺癌的临床特征及外科治疗结果。方法从1976年至1998年，治疗原发性中叶肺癌123例，均采取手术治疗。结果手术方式：单纯中叶切除32例，中叶袖状切除5例，中上叶切除或中下叶切除术86例。结论中叶原发性肺癌发病率低(10．4％)，多见于女性。病变常累及上叶或下叶，中叶支气管旁淋巴结转移常见。单纯中叶切除难度大，常需行中上叶或中下叶切除，中叶袖状切除由于并发症多宜慎用。     

老年结肠癌梗阻56例临床特点与外科治疗

目的　探讨近十年来老年结肠癌致肠梗阻有关临床特点的变化和外科治疗的有关问题。方法　对 1988年～ 1998年手术治疗 65岁以上老年结肠癌梗阻 5 6例进行回顾性分析和总结。结果　结肠癌梗阻占老年急性肠梗阻的5 0 .91% ,居首位 ;梗阻发生部位以右半结肠区最多 ,占 5 5 .3 6% ,左半结肠区仅占 14 .2 9% ;有非恶性肿瘤手术史的老年肠梗阻中 5 0 %是结肠癌所致 ,有恶性肿瘤手术史中 9.1%是原发结肠癌所致。结论　 1.提高对老年结肠癌梗阻临床特点的认识 ,正确地选择手术时机和合理的手术方式能获良好预后 ;2 .加强围手术期各器官功能支持和营养代谢支持是减少死亡率的重要环节 ;3 .重视老年生理变化特点 ,警惕肿瘤所致的消化道症状 ,早期诊治结肠癌以减少肠梗阻发病率     

新疆地区不同民族间结直肠癌临床病理特征及预后

目的:比较新疆地区不同民族间结直肠癌患者的临床病理特征及预后。方法:收集自2008年1月至2014年6月间在新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院接受结直肠癌手术的1824例患者的临床资料,统计分析不同民族间临床病理特征及预后情况。结果:不同民族在年龄、职业等因素构成比上有显著性差异（P=0.000）。本组病例中年龄＞60岁57.8%,在40~60岁之间33.8%,<40岁8.4%,不同民族患者随年龄增长,结直肠癌患病比例呈升高趋势。不同民族间肿瘤部位、组织类型、大体类型、TNM分期等构成比无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。总生存时间为8～72个月,中位生存时间36个月。术后1、3和5年生存率分别是88.9%、45.8%和18.9%。其中汉族、维族、回族、哈萨克族患者术后总中位生存时间分别为35.4、36.2、38.1、34.0个月,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论:新疆地区不同民族间结直肠癌发病率男性高于女性,老年人是结直肠癌的高发人群,但维族患者中年比例较其他民族多。不同民族间干部患者在结直肠癌患者中的比例明显高于其他职业。     

西部单中心51例套细胞淋巴瘤患者临床特征及预后因素分析

目的:研究套细胞淋巴瘤（MCL)患者的临床特点及预后相关因素,进一步全面评估病情,探索个体化治疗。方法:回顾性分析2012年1 月至2016年12 月经我院病理科确诊的51例MCL 患者的临床特点、住院20例患者的预后分层和不同化疗方案的近期及远期疗效,并进行随访观察。结果:20例住院治疗患者中,R-Hyper-CVAD组及R-CHOP样组的ORR（分别为100%、100%）均高于其未联合美罗华组（分别为50%、40%）;MIPI评分中,低危组ORR为75.0%,明显高于中危组（16.6%）;CD5-患者CR、PR均高于CD5+患者;Ki67≥30%患者CR率（20%）大于Ki67＜30%组（11%）,PR率则相反;Ki67＜30%患者3年OS明显高于Ki67≥30%患者,有统计学差异,而PFS无统计学差异;MIPI分组中,低危组3年OS明显高于中高危组,有统计学差异,PFS无统计学差异;美罗华组无论OS还是PFS均高于非美罗华组;Hyper-CVAD组与非Hyper-CVAD组OS、PFS均无统计学差异。结论:美罗华联合化疗治疗MCL的疗效是肯定的,绝大多数患者能够耐受减低剂量的Hyper-CVAD A及B方案化疗,但统计学显示与非Hyper-CVAD组无明显差异,可能与病例数偏少相关,需要更多大样本的循证医学的支持。     

嗜铬细胞瘤/副神经节瘤骨转移临床特征及危险因素分析

目的:探讨嗜铬细胞瘤/副神经节瘤（pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma,PPGLs）术后骨转移患者的临床特征及早期（术后2年内）发生骨转移的危险因素。方法:收集60例初诊为PPGLs术后骨转移患者的临床资料并分析骨转移的危险因素及骨转移灶的分布差异。结果:60 例PPGLs患者单发骨转移14 例（23.3%）,多发者46 例（76.7%）。发生骨转移的中位时间为 84 个月,早期骨转移者 15 例（25%）。单因素分析示PPGLs患者的年龄与早期骨转移有关（χ2=6.207,P=0.045）。早期骨转移中年龄＜60岁者多见,差异有统计学意义（χ2=25.600,P=0.000）。PPGLs共发现骨转移灶 353处,其中胸椎转移 79 处。27例（45.0%）患者出现骨转移相关并发症,依次为骨痛（88.9%）、麻木（51.9%）、骨折（37.0%）、瘫痪（11.1%）及高钙血症（3.7%）。结论:PPGLs患者的年龄与早期骨转移有关,年龄＜60岁者发生早期骨转移多见,绝大多数骨转移发生在手术 2年以后。PPGLs骨转移灶通常为多发,其中以胸椎转移最为常见。骨转移相关并发症最常见为骨痛。     

Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Analysis of 107 Patients with Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors for bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. METHODS Clinical data from 107 inpatient cases at The Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, from 1990-2000, were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS The overall 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates were 88.7, 64.8 and 48.6% respectively. The main prognostic factors were tumor diameter (P= 0.022), bronchial stump (P=0.016), TNM stage (P=0.000), T stage (P= 0.002), N stage (P=0.000) and postoperation radiotherapy (P=0.001). Cox regression analysis suggested that the TNM stage (P=0.000) and tumor diameter (P=0.015) are independent factors affecting the prognosis. CONCLUSION The overall survival rate of BAC patients was superior to those with other non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The TNM stage and tumor diameter were independent factors affecting the prognosis for BAC.     

高龄病人食管癌43例手术治疗的临床研究

目的对2002～2007年间我科高龄食管癌的手术治疗经验和效果进行临床研究。方法全组43例，颈胸两切口4例，弓上吻合13例，弓下吻合26例，均用胃代食管手术。结果43例病人均顺利度过手术。术后并发症16例，占全组的37％，呼吸系统并发症10例，心血管系统并发症5例，胃排空障碍1例。结论术前对合并症如呼吸，循环疾病，糖尿病的病人进行支持治疗，术后要加强抗感染，并及时处理心肺功能并发症，仍能取得满意的效果。