脓毒症患儿中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞CD11b表达的研究

目的探讨脓毒症患儿中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞CD11b的表达意义。方法用流式细胞术检测脓毒症(观察组)患儿27例中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞CD11b表达,并与对照组20例和正常组20例比较。结果在急性期、恢复期,观察组中性粒细胞CD11b[(98·26±1·55)%,(97·74±1·41)%],与对照组[(86·3±6·33)%,(81·48±3·35)%]和正常组[(69·59±9·98)%]比较,P<0·05。急性期,观察组淋巴细胞CD11b[(15·17±10·2)%],低于对照组[(19·2±7·6)%],P<0·05;严重脓毒症淋巴细胞CD11b[(6·54±2·52)%]表达下调,低于脓毒症组[(19·45±8·68)%],P<0·05。结论中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞CD11b表达在脓毒症的演变过程中起到一定的作用,可作为脓毒症的判断依据,预测疾病的发展。     

CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg细胞在儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎中的作用

目的 探讨CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg细胞在儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎(severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,SMPP)中的作用.方法 采用流式细胞仪检测65例重症肺炎支原体肺炎患儿(SMPP组)、75例非重症肺炎支原体肺炎患儿(Non-SMPP组)及40例健康儿童(健康对照组)急性期及恢复期外周血CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg细胞占CD4+T细胞的比例并进行比较分析.结果 急性期SMPP组CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg表达低于Non-SMPP组(0.87±0.66％ vs.1.17±0.70％,P＜0.05)及对照组(0.87 +0.66％ vs.3.88±2.00％,P＜0.01).Non-SMPP组CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg表达低于对照组(1.17 +0.70％ vs.3.88±2.00％,P＜0.01).恢复期SMPP组CD4+CD25+FoxP3+淋巴细胞比例较Non-SMPP组降低(1.66±0.85％ vs.3.61±1.45％,P＜0.01).恢复期SMPP组CD4+CD25+ FoxP3+淋巴细胞比例较急性期升高(1.66±0.85％ vs.0.87±0.66％,P＜0.01),恢复期Non-SMPP组CD4+CD25+FoxP3+淋巴细胞比例较急性期亦升高(3.61±1.45％ vs.1.17±0.70％,P＜0.01).结论 CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg在SMPP的发病中起一定作用,低表达CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg的患儿可能在感染MP后患SMPP的易患性增加,同时影响SMPP患儿预后.     

全身炎症反应综合征患儿中性粒细胞淋巴细胞CD11b表达意义

目的：探讨全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）患儿血液中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞CD11b表达对诊断和判断病情的意义。方法：用流式细胞术检测36例SIRS患儿血液中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞CD11b表达水平,28例一般感染性疾病,不符合SIRS诊断标准的患儿作为对照组。比较各指标对诊断SIRS的灵敏度、特异度,评价它们对诊断SIRS和判断病情的价值。结果：急性期SIRS组中性粒细胞CD11b表达为（96.7±8.1）%,高于对照组的（85.1±5.1）%,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）。中性粒细胞CD11b＞92.24%为阳性标准,诊断SIRS敏感性和特异性分别为97.2%,92.9%。急性期SIRS组淋巴细胞CD11b表达为(13.4±8.6)%,对照组为（19.2±6.4）%,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）;其中严重脓毒症组淋巴细胞CD11b表达为（7.3±3.0）%,低于非感染SIRS组的（19.3±2.9）%和脓毒症组的(15.9±12.5)%（P＜0.01）。恢复期SIRS组淋巴细胞CD11b表达为（13.35±4.89）%,对照组为（13.8±4.7）%,差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。结论：中性粒细胞CD11b可作为诊断SIRS的可靠指标,淋巴细胞CD11b表达下调可能是SIRS患儿病情加重的信号。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（7）：540-542］     

血浆内皮微粒水平变化与川崎病冠状动脉损伤关系的研究

目的 通过观察川崎病患儿血浆内皮微粒(endothelial microparticle,EMP)水平的变化,确定EMP水平变化与川崎病冠状动脉损伤的关系,探讨EMP测定在早期诊断冠状动脉损伤中的价值.方法 30例川崎病患儿均符合日本川崎病研究委员会第4次修订的诊断标准,其中24例为完全型川崎病,6例为不完全型川崎病,并按病程分为急性期、亚急性期、恢复期.根据超声心动图将川崎病组又分为冠状动脉损伤组(6例)和冠状动脉无损伤组(24例).以10例发热伴有皮疹的患儿及10例健康儿童为发热对照组和正常对照组.采用流式细胞术检测血浆中CD31+/CD42b- EMP水平.结果 川崎病患儿急性期血浆EMP水平[(8.18±2.29)％]明显高于恢复期[(2.77±0.85)％]和正常对照组[(1.34±0.38)％](P＜0.01);亚急性期血浆EMP水平[(5.93±1.05)％]明显高于恢复期和正常对照组(P＜0.01);发热对照组血浆EMP水平[(3.66±1.16)％]高于正常对照组(P＜0.05);急性期川崎病患儿中冠状动脉损伤组血浆EMP水平高于冠状动脉无损伤组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 血浆EMP的检测分析有助于川崎病的早期诊断及冠状动脉损伤的早期发现.     

小儿肺炎支原体肺炎不同病期免疫功能的动态变化

目的 探讨小儿肺炎支原体肺炎(mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,MPP)不同病期T细胞亚群、免疫球蛋白、补体的变化及其临床意义.方法 应用流式细胞术、免疫散射比浊法检测28例MPP患儿急性期及恢复期外周血T细胞亚群(CD3、CD4、CD8)、免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM)、补体(C3、C4)水平,并与25例健康儿童(对照组)进行比较.结果 MPP患儿急性期外周血CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8分别为(58.71±11.63)％、(32.36±8.06)％、(28.19±6.23)％、1.15±0.41,恢复期分别为(61.29±10.17)％、(34.14±7.22)％、(26.47±6.01)％、1.29±0.37.急性期与恢复期MPP患儿CD4、CD4/CD8比值均低于对照组[(39.53±6.16)％、1.83±0.49],CD8水平高于对照组(1.83±0.49),差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01).急性期CD3水平与对照组[(63.03±12.32)％]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而恢复期无明显差异(P＞0.05).MPP患儿急性期外周血免疫球蛋白与对照组比较,血清IgG[(14.50±3.86) g/L]、IgM[(1.67±0.56) g/L]与对照组[(7.92±2.62) g/L、(1.06±0.32)g/L]比较明显增高,C3[ (0.83±0.42) g/L]水平低于对照组[(1.37±0.33) g/L],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而IgA、C4水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 MPP患儿存在细胞免疫和体液免疫失调.检测T细胞亚群、免疫球蛋白、补体的变化,有利于判断临床治疗效果,为临床应用免疫调节剂提供理论依据.     

哮喘儿童不同时期血清白细胞介素-8、白细胞介素-17及痰液中性粒细胞的变化

目的 探讨白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-8、IL-17及气道中性粒细胞在儿童哮喘发病中的作用.方法 2007年1月至2009年1月,常州市儿童医院收治的符合儿童哮喘诊断,经过诱导痰液检测的12例非嗜酸粒细胞哮喘患儿为哮喘组;以12例健康儿童为对照组.对哮喘组患儿急性期、恢复期及对照组进行诱导痰的细胞分类检查和ELISA方法检测血清IL-8和IL-17浓度.结果 哮喘急性期患儿血清中IL-8[(357.84 ±215.36) pg/ml]、IL-17[(62.76 ±44.13) pg/ml]及诱导痰的中性粒细胞百分比[(43.14±5.79)％]明显高于缓解期[(164.95 ±60.22) pg/ml、(34.57±11.82) pg/ml、(23.25±3.75)％]及对照组[(88.68±38.76) pg/ml、(20.35±10.02) pg/ml、(13.34±3.21)％],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);缓解期IL-8、IL-17及诱导痰的中性粒细胞百分比仍高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 IL-8、IL-17趋化中性粒细胞聚集于气道,参与加重支气管哮喘发作.     

新生儿中性粒细胞粘附分子CD11b表达的定量研究

目的探讨新生儿中性粒细胞粘附分子CD11b表达水平及其在发育过程中的变化。方法将60例正常足月新生儿分为3组 :自然分娩脐血25例 (VD)、择期剖宫产脐血20例 (ECS)和外周静脉血15例 (nPV)。采用全血流式细胞术检测中性粒细胞CD11b平均荧光强度 (MFI)和阳性细胞百分比 (CD11b % )。10例健康成人外周静脉血作为对照 (aPV)。结果VD、ECS、nPV和aPV4组的中性粒细胞CD11b %分别为0.95±0.07、0.96±0.03、0.93±0.04和0.96±0.02 ,4组间比较差异无显著性 (F=1.44,P>0.05)。4组的CD11bMFI分别为701.4±601.6、556.6±273.9、1090.4±338.1和447.7±249.9,4组间比较差异有显著性 (H=19.03,P<0.001) ,其中 ,nPV高于VD、ECS和aPV(P均<0.05) ,后3组组间两两比较差异均无显著性 (P均>0.05)。结论静息状态下足月新生儿中性粒细胞粘附分子CD11b膜表达正常或增高 ;分娩方式不影响足月儿中性粒细胞CD11b膜表达。     

小儿肺炎血清胱抑素C检测的临床价值

目的 探讨肺炎患儿不同时期的血清胱抑素C(cystatinC,Cys C)变化及其临床价值.方法 对2012年11月至2013年3月收治的92例肺炎患儿(轻症肺炎组59例,重症肺炎组33例),分别于急性期和恢复期检测血清CysC、血肌酐、尿素等指标,同时检测40例健康儿童作为对照组,并对临床病情分度和转归进行对比分析.结果 重症肺炎组急性期血Cys C平均含量(1.98±0.33) mg/L,显著高于对照组(0.85±0.24) mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)；恢复期血Cys C平均含量(1.12±0.23) mg/L,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),急性期与恢复期比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).轻症肺炎组急性期和恢复期血Cys C平均含量分别为(1.10±0.22) mg/L和(0.94±0.21) mg/L,与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).重症肺炎组急性期血Cys C异常检出率为51.9％ (14/27),显著高于血尿素和肌酐的异常检出率3.7％ (1/27),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 重症肺炎对小儿肾功能有损害,但这种损害是可逆性的.血Cys C测定对伴有肾功能损害的重症肺炎的早期诊断及疗效判断均具有参考价值.     

败血症新生儿血中性粒细胞CD64表达的意义

目的 探讨中性粒细胞CD64对新生儿败血症早期诊断、病情判断、预后分析的价值.方法 败血症组36例在入院初及恢复期采空腹静脉血,应用流式细胞术测定中性粒细胞CD64,同时行外周血CRP测定;非感染组22例和健康对照组26例一次性采血,采用同样方法测定其血CD64和CRP.结果 败血症组CD64水平为(60.37±22.70)MFI,显著高于非感染组[(27.91±4.91)MFI]和对照组[(23.14±5.10)MFI](Pa＜0.01),恢复期水平下降.以CD64≥35 MFI为阳性标准,中性粒细胞CD64对新生儿败血症诊断的敏感度95.7%、特异度95.8%,均优于CRP.结论 中性粒细胞CD64可作为新生儿败血症早期诊断、病情判断的可靠指标.     

儿童抽动障碍与病原微生物感染及其免疫的相关性

目的 探讨儿童抽动障碍(TD)与EB病毒(EBV)、人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)、肺炎支原体(MP)感染的相关性.方法 选择TD患儿49例为病例组.健康对照组为本院同期体检的健康儿童47例.检测二组外周血EBV DNA水平、咽拭子MP DNA水平及尿HCMV DNA水平,并检测血T淋巴细胞亚群及IgA、IgG、IgM水平.结果 病例组EBV、MP及HCMV的DNA检出率分别为22.49％、14.29％及6.12％;健康对照组分别为2.13％、2.13％及0,病例组显著高于健康对照组(Pa＜0.015).病例组CD4+T淋巴细胞、CD4+/CD8+淋巴细胞比值分别为(34.71 ±4.62)％和0.96±0.22,较健康对照组[(40.02±2.53)％、1.31±0.07]显著降低(Pa＜0.05);CD8+[(36.28±3.95)％]较健康对照组[(30.65±6.51)％]显著升高(P＜0.01).而CD3+二组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).病例组IgG[(9.43±2.95)g·L-1]显著低于健康对照组[(16.23±3.13) g·L-1],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 EBV、HCMV、MP等感染引起的免疫紊乱可能是导致儿童TD发生的因素之一.     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

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孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Personality profiles and heart rate variability (vagal tone) in children with recurrent abdominal pain

The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

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Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.