感觉神经肽P物质对气道平滑肌细胞收缩幅度的影响

目的 探讨感觉神经肽P物质对气道平滑肌细胞(airway smooth muscle cell,ASMC)收缩幅度的影响.方法 将10只Wistar大鼠按照随机分组原则分成正常对照组及哮喘模型组,卵蛋白吸入法制作哮喘大鼠模型;原代培养两组大鼠气道平滑肌细胞;激光共聚焦显微镜观察ASMC在不同干预因素干预前后细胞形态及收缩的长度的变化,计算各组细胞收缩百分比,对各组ASMC收缩长度百分比进行统计学分析.结果 乙酰胆碱干预组及P物质干预组ASMC体积明显变小,细胞直径缩短,胞浆减少,细胞排列密集.P物质受体拮抗剂干预组及尼莫地平干预组ASMC细胞体积与正常对照组细胞体积大小相仿,细胞呈梭形,胞浆丰富,细胞排列规则.乙酰胆碱干预组细胞收缩百分比最大(19.60 ±3.47)％,尼莫地平干预组细胞收缩百分比最小(3.25±1.14)％,P物质受体拮抗剂干预组细胞收缩百分比(3.56±1.03)％较正常对照组(3.54±1.26)％大,但较乙酰胆碱干预组(19.60±3.47)％、哮喘组(14.36±2.37)％及P物质干预组(17.79±3.19)％小,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 感觉神经肽P物质会增加ASMC收缩幅度,但其收缩幅度较乙酰胆碱小;其受体拮抗剂有抑制平滑肌细胞收缩能力的作用,但其抑制能力较尼莫地平弱.感觉神经肽P物质通过增加气道平滑肌细胞收缩力参与哮喘急性发作.     

姜黄素对哮喘小鼠体内NF-κB、IκB及p-IκB含量的影响

目的 了解姜黄素对哮喘小鼠核因子(NF)-κB、IκB、p-IκB的含量的影响.方法 对30只Balb/c小鼠随机分组,分为正常对照组、哮喘组及姜黄素干预哮喘小鼠.应用卵清蛋白溶液建立哮喘小鼠模型;对各组小鼠进行肺功能的检测;检测各组肺组织中的NF-κB、IκB及p-IκB的含量.结果 哮喘组胞浆内NF-κB较对照组减少(P＜0.01),而姜黄素干预组胞浆内NF-κB含量较哮喘组明显增加,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).哮喘组胞核内NF-κB较对照组明显增加(P＜0.01),而姜黄素干预组胞核内NF-κB较哮喘组明显减少,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).哮喘组胞浆内的p-IκB含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),而姜黄素干预组胞浆内的p-IκB含量显著低于哮喘组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).哮喘组胞浆内的IκB含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),而姜黄素干预组IκB含量较哮喘组显著增高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 姜黄素通过减轻IκB的磷酸化抑制NF-κB转录入核内,从而减轻哮喘小鼠的气道高反应性.     

婴幼儿哮喘急性发作雾化吸入硫酸沙丁胺醇对肺功能影响的研究

目的 通过观察哮喘急性发作的婴幼儿雾化吸入硫酸沙丁胺醇前后肺功能的变化,客观评价该药对低龄儿童气道阻力的影响.方法 将轻中度哮喘急性发作的49名婴幼儿按年龄分为1～3岁幼儿(32例)和<1岁婴儿(17例)两组,予0.5%硫酸沙丁胺醇0.25ml/次,驱动式压缩泵雾化吸入,在治疗前及后30min分别检查其肺功能,做潮气呼吸流速容量环检查,采用到达潮气呼气峰流速时的呼气量/潮气量(%V-PF)、呼出75%潮气量时的呼气流速/潮气呼气蜂流速(25/PF)和潮气呼气中期流速/潮气吸气中期流速(ME/MI)参数反映大小气道阻力情况.结果 在幼儿组和婴儿组治疗前肺功能指标%V-PF、25/PF和ME/NI降低,显示大小气道阻力增高,治疗后幼儿组肺功能各指标均有所提高,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);婴儿组治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 对幼儿哮喘急性发作予雾化吸人硫酸沙丁胺醇后能有效地改善肺功能,降低气道阻力,对婴儿治疗的关键是结合有效的抗炎和积极的祛痰.     

感觉神经肽P物质受体拮抗剂减轻气道平滑肌细胞反向钠钙离子电流

目的 观察感觉神经肽P物质及其受体拮抗剂对气道平滑肌细胞(airway smooth muscle cell,ASMC)钠钙离子交换体(sodium-calcium exchange,NCX)离子电流的影响.方法 原代培养气道平滑肌细胞;荧光免疫细胞组化识别ASMC;膜片钳技术检测乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,Ach)、感觉神经肽P物质、感觉神经肽P物质受体拮抗剂GR203040(神经激肽1受体,neurokinin-1 receptor,NK-1R)、钙离子拮抗剂(尼莫地平)干预前后ASMC细胞NCX离子电流变化.根据电压、电流变化绘制电压-电流曲线.PA代表电流幅度,PF代表细胞面积,PA/PF代表电流密度.结果 随着电压增加电流增加,在电压增加至-40 mV时出现反向电流.当电压增加至60 mV时,乙酰胆碱干预组电流密度最大,尼莫地平干预组电流密度最小.P物质干预组电流密度较正常组增加,但弱于乙酰胆碱干预组(P＜0.05);P物质拮抗剂干预组电流密度较尼莫地平干预组强,但较其他组均弱(P＜0.05).结论 在哮喘气道因钙离子负载会引起反向模式电流出现.感觉神经肽P物质会增强NCX离子电流,NK-1R拮抗剂会减轻NCX离子电流,可能会有助于减轻哮喘气道炎症及气道高反应性.     

大鼠生命早期补充维生素D对气道高反应性及炎症的影响

目的 研究大鼠生命早期补充维生素D对气道高反应性及炎症的影响.方法 选用性成熟的雌性Wistar大鼠共32只.随机分为对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组.每组各8只.于受孕第7天起隔天以灌胃的方式给于各组大鼠不同剂量的1,25(OH)2D3(浓度分别为2、10、20μg/ml),直到子代大鼠生后21 d离乳为止;对照组以DMSO-PBS代替.子代大鼠离乳后,用卵清蛋白作为致敏原制备哮喘大鼠模型.通过测定跨肺压和气体流速来计算大鼠气道阻力和肺顺应性,并测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BLAF)细胞总数及嗜酸性细胞计数.结果 低剂量组和中剂量组大鼠气道阻力均低于对照组(P<0.05),高剂量组大鼠气道阻力显著高于对照组(P<0.05);同时低剂量组大鼠肺顺应忤较中剂量组显著降低(P<0.05),但两者气道阻力的差异尤统计学意义(P>0.05).BALF中嗜酸性粒细胞与对照组比较,高剂量组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),中剂量组和低剂量组均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但中剂量组和低剂量组比较差异无统计学意义.结论 大鼠生命早期适量的1,25(OH)2D3干预,可改善哮喘大鼠的肺功能,减少嗜酸性细胞浸润,而过量则具有有害作用.     

姜黄素对哮喘小鼠气道炎症和气道高反应性的影响

目的 了解姜黄素对哮喘小鼠气道高反应性及气道炎症的影响.方法 对30只Balb/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组、哮喘组及姜黄素干预哮喘小鼠.应用OVA溶液建立哮喘小鼠模型;对各组小鼠进行肺功能的检测;应用Giemsa染色测定各组小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液的炎症细胞计数;HE染色及PAS染色对各组小鼠行肺组织病理学检测;ELISA方法检测各组小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液中的IgE含量.结果 哮喘组小鼠在吸入乙酰甲胆碱(Mch)6.25 g/L浓度后,Penh值显著高于正常对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而姜黄素干预哮喘组较哮喘组明显降低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).哮喘组小鼠气道盥洗液白细胞总数及嗜酸细胞数显著高于正常对照组,两者比较差异统计学意义(P＜0.01),而姜黄素干预哮喘组白细胞及嗜酸细胞数量明显较哮喘组减少,两者比较有差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).哮喘组小鼠中BALF的IgE含量较对照组明显升高,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);而姜黄素干预哮喘组中BALF的IgE含量较哮喘组明显降低(P＜0.01).哮喘小鼠肺组织HE染色中可见支气管和血管壁周围有大量的炎性细胞浸润,以嗜酸细胞和淋巴细胞浸润为主,姜黄素干预哮喘组较其减少.PAS染色哮喘组小鼠杯状细胞、黏液分泌明显增多,姜黄素干预哮喘组较其减少.结论 姜黄素可以减轻哮喘小鼠的气道炎症,减轻气道黏液分泌、降低气道高反应性、降低肺泡灌洗液中的IgE含量.     

全反视黄酸对哮喘大鼠气道反应性和气道重塑的影响

目的：观察全反视黄酸(ATRA)对哮喘大鼠气道反应性、气道重塑和肺组织基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)表达的影响。方法：40只大鼠随机分为5组,每组8只：盐水组、模型组、ATRA组、棉籽油组和布地奈德（BUD）组。后4组经卵清蛋白（OVA）致敏14 d后激发6周,构建大鼠慢性哮喘模型。ATRA组、棉籽油组和BUD组每次激发前分别给予ATRA 50 μg/kg、棉籽油1 mL和BUD 0.32 mg/kg。5组大鼠行气道反应性检测,并测定肺组织MMP-9表达和气道重塑情况。结果：ATRA干预组的气道反应性与盐水组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,MMP-9表达高于盐水组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。ATRA干预组的气道反应性和MMP-9表达均明显低于模型组,气道重塑改变减轻,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：早期预防性ATRA干预通过减少肺组织MMP-9表达,可在一定程度上减轻哮喘大鼠的气道重塑和气道高反应性。     

RANTES在哮喘大鼠肺组织中的表达及维生素D的干预作用

目的：探讨维生素D对哮喘大鼠肺组织中调节正常T细胞表达和分泌的趋化因子（RANTES）表达的影响及维生素D参与控制哮喘气道炎症及与激素协同作用的作用机制。方法：40只雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、哮喘组、维生素D干预组、布地奈德干预组、布地奈德联合维生素D干预组,每组8只。采用苏木精-伊红染色观察肺组织病理改变;免疫组化方法测定肺组织RANTES蛋白的表达;ELISA检测肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中RANTES的含量;实时定量PCR测定RANTES mRNA的表达。结果：哮喘组大鼠气道炎症反应最明显,出现炎症细胞浸润、气道狭窄变形及平滑肌的断裂,各个干预组较哮喘组有不同程度的缓解,其中布地奈德干预组的缓解程度优于维生素干预D组;联合干预组的病理改变最轻,与正常对照组相近。哮喘组大鼠肺组织及BALF中RANTES蛋白的表达明显高于正常对照组（P＜0.05）,各干预组的表达较哮喘组有不同程度下降,除维生素D干预组与哮喘组BALF中RANTES蛋白的表达差异无统计学意义外,其余各干预组与哮喘组之间的差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且联合干预组肺组织及BALF中RANTES蛋白表达量均低于单独使用布地奈德及维生素D组（P＜0.05）;哮喘组RANTES mRNA的表达较正常对照组显著升高（P＜0.05）,各干预组较哮喘组有不同程度的下降（P＜0.05）,但各干预组间差异无统计学意义,且联合干预组RANTES mRNA表达的下降幅度最大,与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义。结论：哮喘大鼠BALF、肺组织中的RANTES蛋白及其mRNA的表达水平明显增高;维生素D干预可以降低其表达水平,提示维生素D可以通过调节RANTES的表达来减轻气道炎症反应;且维生素D可以协同布地奈德进一步降低RANTES蛋白及mRNA的表达水平。     

c-Jun氨基末端激酶信号转导途径在哮喘大鼠气道重塑过程中的作用

目的 探讨c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)信号转导途径在哮喘气道重塑过程中的作用;IL-1β是否通过JNK信号途径参与哮喘气道重塑形成过程.方法 SD大鼠随机分为对照组(C)和哮喘组(A),以卵白蛋白致敏和激发复制哮喘气道重塑模型,A组根据激发时间不同,分为4、8、12周组(分别为A4、A8、A12组),同时设立相应C组(分别为C4、C8、C12组).电镜观察肺组织超微结构变化,图像分析技术测定支气管壁厚度(Wat)和平滑肌厚度(Wam);ELISA法测定血清、BALF中IL-1β 浓度;免疫组化(IHC)检测肺内磷酸化JNK(P-JNK)及其下游物磷酸化c-Jun蛋白表达;Western Blot 检测肺匀浆JNK磷酸化水平,对Wat、Wam与P-JNK蛋白平均吸光度值(mA)、P-JNK蛋白(mA)与血清、BALF IL-1β浓度进行直线相关分析.结果 4、8、12周A组War、Wam均相应地高于4、8、12周C组(均P＜0.01),12周时,A组二者均高于4周、8周(均P＜0.01);各哮喘组血清、BALF IL-1β浓度均高于同时期C组(均P＜0.01),A组BALF中IL-1β浓度,12周时,高于4周、8周(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),血清中IL-1β浓度,三者差异无统计学意义;P-JNK及其下游物P-c-Jun(mA值),各哮喘组均高于同时期c组(均P＜0.01),12周时,A组二者均高于4周、8周(均P＜0.01);Western Blot检测P-JNK蛋白吸光度值(A值),各哮喘组均高于同时期c组(均P＜0.01),A组中12周高于4周(P＜0.01),与8周组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);Wat、Wain与P-JNK(mA)均呈高度正相关(分别为r=0.823、r=0.818,均P＜0.01);P-JNK mA与血清、BALF IL-1β浓度均呈高度正相关(分别为r=0.717、r=0.803,均P＜0.01).结论 P-JNK及其下游物PH-Jun在哮喘大鼠气道重塑过程中表达增高,提示JNK信号通路在气道重塑进程中起重要作用;IL-1β可能部分通过激活JNK信号转导途径,参与哮喘气道重塑形成过程.     

川芎嗪在哮喘小鼠气道炎症和气道重塑中的作用及其机制

目的 研究川芎嗪在哮喘小鼠气道炎症和气道重塑中的作用.方法 Balb/c雄性小鼠39只,随机分为对照组、哮喘组、川芎嗪干预哮喘组、地塞米松干预哮喘组,每组10只(其中对照组9只).建立哮喘小鼠模型,酶联免疫吸附法检测血清及肺灌洗液(BALF)中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平,同时计数BALF细胞总数、BALF沉渣和外周血涂片嗜酸细胞(EOS)百分比,光镜观察肺组织结构,Image-pro plus图像分析软件测量支气管壁厚度和平滑肌厚度.结果 川芎嗪干预哮喘组小鼠BALF中细胞总数和EOS百分比、血液EOS百分比、小鼠血清及BALF的TNF-α水平均明显低于哮喘组小鼠,差异有统计学意义(P均＜ 0.05).川芎嗪干预哮喘组小鼠肺组织病理学改变及支气管壁厚度和平滑肌厚度均明显低于哮喘组小鼠.结论 川芎嗪能改善哮喘气道炎症状态,抑制哮喘小鼠气道重塑.     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

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孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Personality profiles and heart rate variability (vagal tone) in children with recurrent abdominal pain

The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

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Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.