Change in subfoveal choroidal thickness after argon laser panretinal photocoagulation

AIM: To evaluate changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and macular thickness as measured by enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) after argon laser panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with severe diabetic retinopathy.METHODS:This prospective, comparative case series included 21 patients (28 eyes) with severe diabetic retinopathy. All patients underwent three sessions of PRP. The SFCT and macular thickness were measured using EDI-OCT at baseline and one week after completion of 3 sessions of PRP.RESULTS:SFCT before PRP was (318.1±96.5)μm and increased to (349.9±108.3)μm (P=0.001) after PRP. Macular thickness significantly increased at one week after PRP (from 273.1±23.9μm at baseline vs 295.8±25.3μm at one week; P<0.001). No significant relationship between the changes in macular thickness and SFCT was observed (r=-0.13, P=0.52).CONCLUSION: PRP induced increases in both SFCT and macular thickness. Changes in SFCT did not correlate with changes in macular thickness.     

Effects on choroidal nerves after panretinal xenon arc and argon laser photocoagulation

The effect on range of accommodation, size of pupil and corneal sensitivity of panretinal photocoagulations was investigated in 30 diabetic patients. Treatments with the xenon arc or the argon laser produced significant changes in the 3 parameters one month after photocoagulation, but only when retrobulbar anaesthesia was used. After 6 months the range of accommodation and the size of the pupil were almost normalized. The corneal sensitivity remained significantly reduced.     

Retinal blood flow regulation and the clinical response to panretinal photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Bidirectional laser Doppler velocimetry and monochromatic fundus photography were used to investigate retinal hemodynamics before and after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in 25 eyes of 23 diabetic patients with proliferative retinopathy. After PRP, there was a significant decrease in retinal volumetric blood flow rate and an increase in the retinal vascular regulatory response to hyperoxia (R). A significant association was found between the presence or absence of regression of neovascularization and the increase or decrease in R after PRP. Eyes that showed regression of neovascularization had significantly larger average R after PRP than eyes that did not show regression. Lack of improvement in R after PRP may be related to the presence of remaining ischemia or hypoxia in eyes that continue to show proliferation after PRP.     

Entonox as an analgesic agent during panretinal photocoagulation

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) reduces the risk of visual loss in proliferative diabetic retinopathy but some patients cannot tolerate PRP because of pain. Inhaled Entonox was evaluated as an analgesic during PRP. METHODS: A randomised, crossover, double masked pilot study was performed. Patients inhaled either air or Entonox and half the PRP was applied. The treatment was completed with the alternate inhaled gas. Patients graded pain experienced during both stages of the treatment using a visual analogue scale. Pain scores were compared using a paired t test. RESULTS: 20 patients participated. Mean pain scores from the Entonox and air treatments were 2.94 (SD 2.73) versus 3.73 (SD 3.20) respectively (p<0.03). CONCLUSION: Entonox can be used as a safe and effective analgesic agent during PRP treatment.     

应用EDI-SDOCT观察全视网膜光凝对糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑区脉络膜厚度的影响

目的　应用深层成像谱域光学相干断层扫描（ｅｎｈａｎｃｅｄｄｅｐｔｈｉｍａｇｉｎｇｓｐｅｃｔｒａｌ-ｄｏｍａｉｎｏｐｔｉｃａｌｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｃｅｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＥＤＩ-ＳＤＯＣＴ）观察全视网膜光凝（ｐａｎｒｅｔｉｎａｌｐｈｏｔｏｃｏａｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎ,ＰＲＰ）对非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变（ｎｏｎ-ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａ-ｔｈｙ,ＮＰＤＲ）患眼黄斑区脉络膜厚度的影响。方法　对３５例（５９眼）ＮＰＤＲ患者行ＰＲＰ术,以４２例（５９眼）正常眼作为对照组。应用ＥＤＩ-ＳＤＯＣＴ分别在ＰＲＰ术前和术后１周测量对照组和光凝组黄斑区各点位脉络膜厚度,比较术后１周较术前的变化,各点标记为:中心凹下脉络膜厚度（ｓｕｂｆｏｖｅａｌｃｈｏｒｏｉｄａｌｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ,ＳＦＣＴ）,各扫描线上距离中心凹７５０μｍ、１５００μｍ处的鼻侧脉络膜厚度（ｎａｓａｌｃｈｏｒｏｉｄａｌｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ,ＮＣＴ）、颞侧脉络膜厚度（ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｌｃｈｏｒｏｉｄａｌｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ,ＴＣＴ）、上方脉络膜厚度（ｓｕｐｅｒｉｏｒｃｈｏｒｏｉｄａｌｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ,ＳＣＴ）、下方脉络膜厚度（ｉｎｆｅｒｉｏｒｃｈｏｒｏｉｄａｌｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ,ＩＣＴ）、平均黄斑区脉络膜厚度（ａｖｅｒａｇｅｍａｃｕｌａｒｃｈｏｒｏｉｄａｌｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ,ＡＭＣＴ）。结果　光凝组术前、术后１周的ＳＦＣＴ、ＮＣＴ７５０、ＴＣＴ７５０、ＳＣＴ７５０、ＩＣＴ７５０、ＮＣＴ１５００、ＴＣＴ１５００、ＳＣＴ１５００、ＩＣＴ１５００、ＡＭＣＴ均明显低于对照组（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）;术后１周ＳＦＣＴ和ＡＭＣＴ明显高于术前（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）;除ＴＣＴ７５０和ＴＣＴ１５００术后与术前无明显差异外（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）,余各点位术后均明显高于术前（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。其中１０眼术后各值低于术前,２眼可观察到术后脉络膜血管孔径较术前增加。结论　ＮＰＤＲ会导致黄斑区脉络膜变薄,ＰＲＰ术短期内能够明显增加黄斑区脉络膜厚度,同时一定程度上增加脉络膜的血管孔径。ＥＤＩ-ＳＤＯＣＴ是用于评价ＮＰＤＲ患者疗效和预后的有效无创检测手段。     

Retinal function in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy treated with intravitreal ranibizumab and multispot laser panretinal photocoagulation

Purpose

To compare retinal function changes in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) after intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR), combined or not with conventional (ETDRS) or multispot laser panretinal (PASCAL) photocoagulation (PRP).

Methods

This study included laser-naive PDR patients that required PRP. Eyes were randomly and prospectively assigned to receive IVR or IVR combined with PASCAL or EDTRS. PRP was performed at baseline in 1 (PASCAL) or 2 (ETDRS) sessions. In eyes with macular edema, macular short pulse grid laser was associated with IVR at baseline and IVR was repeated monthly or quarterly if neovascularization was detected on angiography. Comprehensive ophthalmological evaluations, including SD-OCT, were performed at baseline and every 4 weeks after treatment. Full-field electroretinography (ERG: extended ISCEV standard) was performed at baseline and at 12, 24 and 48 weeks.

Results

IVR?=?13, PASCAL?=?15 and ETDRS?=?15 eyes finished 48-week follow-up. There was a statistically significant BCVA improvement of 0.1–0.3 logMAR in all groups, and fluorescein angiography leakage area (FLA) reduced in 56%, 73%, and 73% from baseline for ETDRS, IVR and PASCAL, respectively, up to 48 weeks without significant differences between groups (p?>?0.05). A significant a- and b-wave amplitudes reduction was observed for dark- and light-adapted ERG for ETDRS and PASCAL, but only minor dark-adapted b-wave reduction was found for IVR, up to 48 weeks. As an example, at week 48, combined response b-wave amplitude reduced in 181.5?±?31.4 µV, 128.0?±?27.9 µV and 82.4?±?15.2 µV for ETDRS, PASCAL and IVR (p?<?0.05 each group), respectively. No significant difference was observed between ETDRS and PASCAL for any ERG parameter.

Conclusions

IVR combined with single or multiple spot PRP causes similar retinal function impairment during 48 weeks of observation, while IVR alone seems to be similarly effective controlling FLA without changing retinal function.

     

Alterations in choroidal vascular parameters following panretinal photocoagulation using enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography in diabetic retinopathy

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To investigate the alteration of choroid in patients with very severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) or early...     

糖尿病性视网膜病变患者常规全视网膜光凝后黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度变化的荟萃分析

目的 通过荟萃分析系统评价糖尿病性视网膜病变(DR)患者在常规全视网膜光凝(PRP)后黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度(SFCT)的变化.方法 检索PubMed、EM-BASE、Web of Science及Cochrane Library英文数据库和万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文期刊服务平台及中国知网中文数据库,搜集行PRP术...     

Red krypton and blue-green argon laser diabetic panretinal photocoagulation

Eyes with three or four diabetic retinopathy risk factors received laser panretinal photocoagulation with random selection of either blue-green argon (42 eyes) or red krypton (40 eyes) laser to determine if one laser was superior to the other. After 6 months, visual acuity preservation or improvement was obtained in 33 (79%) argon- and 34 (84%) krypton-treated eyes. Peripheral IV-4e visual field constriction of 7% occurred with argon and 10% with krypton. Vitreous hemorrhaging after treatment occurred in 1 argon- and in 6 krypton-treated eyes. Complete disc neovascular regression was obtained in 27 (67%) of 40 argon- and 19 (56%) of 34 krypton-treated eyes, with partial regression occurring in 8 (20%) argon- and 8 (24%) krypton- treated eyes. The two treatments produced essentially equal results.Supported in part by patients of and contributors to the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, Florida Lions Eye Bank, and the Brenn Green Diabetic Retinopathy Fund, Miami, Florida     

Retinal laser photocoagulation: Benefits and risks

Retinal photocoagulation has been used for approximately 20 yr to treat a number of diseases of the retina and choroid, primarily affecting the vascular systems of these tissues. Within the past 15 yr. lasers have become the preferred photocoagulation instruments. Large-scale controlled clinical trials have conclusively demonstrated their efficacy in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The usefulness of laser treatment in other diseases is suspected, but the evidence is not yet conclusive, and several other large clinical trials are now either in progress or in the final planning stages. Complications of photocoagulation therapy are numerous but in general mild, and the most severe complications are observed only rarely.     

Transient myopia and accommodative paresis following retinal cryotherapy and panretinal photocoagulation

Loss of accommodation, transient myopia, or both, were complications following retinal cryotherapy in two eyes and after panretinal photocoagulation in six eyes (seven patients). A 17-year-old young man had these refractive difficulties one week after cryotherapy for retinal holes. His accommodative amplitude measured 1.0 D in the treated eye and 8.0 D in the untreated eye. One week later he received cryotherapy to the previously untreated eye, reducing that accommodative amplitude to 2.5 D. Accommodative paresis and transient myopia resolved without treatment within five weeks. Six other patients (six eyes, seven episodes) with an average age of 33 years demonstrated accommodative loss (40% to 92% decrease, average decrease 64%), transient myopia, or both, after panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. All patients recovered without treatment within six weeks (average, 22 days). All young patients should be made aware of this transient, but troublesome complication before treatment.     

Management of type 2 diabetics requiring panretinal photocoagulation and cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes in patients with diabetic retinopathy and cataract who had panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) first and cataract surgery second in 1 eye and cataract surgery followed by PRP in the fellow eye. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Saiseikai Kurihashi Hospital, Saitama, Japan. METHODS: Fifty-eight eyes of 29 patients with similar bilateral cataracts and severe nonproliferative or early proliferative diabetic retinopathy were randomly assigned for treatment with cataract surgery performed after PRP (PRP-first group) or before PRP (surgery-first group). Treatment was performed in the opposite order in the contralateral eye. The main outcome measure was best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 12 months after surgery. The secondary outcome measures were the laser parameters, progression of retinopathy and macular edema, and aqueous flare intensity. RESULTS: The percentage of eyes with a BCVA of 20/40 or better was statistically significantly higher in the surgery-first group (96.6%) than in the PRP-first group (69.0%) (P = .012). The rate of the progression of macular edema was significantly decreased in the surgery-first group (P = .033). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the other outcome measures. CONCLUSION: Although the order in which PRP and cataract surgery were performed had no effect on postoperative retinopathy, the BCVA was better and the rate of the progression of macular edema was decreased in the surgery-first group.     

Comparative electroretinograms in argon laser and xenon arc panretinal photocoagulation.

We performed electroretinograms (ERG) on both eyes of 11 diabetic patients before and one month after panretinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. Each patient had one eye treated with argon laser and the fellow eye treated with the xenon arc photocoagulator. After photocoagulation the ERG was symmetrically reduced unless the retinal area burned with xenon arc was greater than twice the retinal area burned in the fellow eye by the argon laser photocoagulator.     

糖尿病视网膜病变全视网膜光凝术后中长期随诊结果

目的：进一步了解糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)全视网膜光凝术(PRP)后中、长期随诊的激光量和疗效的临床结果。方法：63例增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)PRP术后随诊12—132个月(平均43．2个月)的临床资料回顾分析。结果：63例PDR患者PRP术的平均视网膜光凝斑总数975个。视力改变：提高者占24．2％，不变者占35％，下降者占40．8％。主要晚期并发症是程度不等的玻璃体视网膜纤维膜形成及少数病例(4例5只眼)发生1—3次不同程度的玻璃体出血。结论：PDR眼病例PRP术后中、长随诊的激光量——平均总视网膜光斑数1000个左右；60％的病例视力保持不变或改善，40％的病例视力下降，病情控制。强调了适宜的视网膜光凝范围、适宜的激光波长和适宜的视网膜有效光斑是PRP术成功的关键。还讨论了DR激光治疗后视力下降的因素和主要晚期并发症。     

Augmentation laser for proliferative diabetic retinopathy that fails to respond to initial panretinal photocoagulation.

PURPOSE: A study was performed to determine if diabetic subjects who fail to respond to initial panretinal photocoagulation with regression of retinopathy risk factors do better with supplemental panretinal photocoagulation. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with 3 or more retinopathy risk factors who failed to respond to panretinal photocoagulation with regression to less than 3 retinopathy risk factors by 3 weeks after initial panretinal photocoagulation were prospectively randomized to augmentation laser panretinal photocoagulation (MORE) or to no additional treatment (NOMORE). RESULTS: Six months after initial treatment, the MORE group (n = 16) had regressed a mean of -0.94 retinopathy risk factors (with 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.60 to -0.26), compared with -0.21 retinopathy risk factors (95% CI -0.69 to 0.27) in the NOMORE (n = 19) group (P = 0.055). However, by 1 year, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of regression of retinopathy risk factors with a mean decrease of -1.12 (95% CI -2.0 to -0.24) versus -1.05 retinopathy risk factors (95% CI -1.80 to -0.28) in the 2 groups, respectively. Similarly, for visual acuity, there was no difference in outcome. For all study patients, the persistence of three or more retinopathy risk factors was associated with a poorer visual result than if there was regression to less than three retinopathy risk factors. CONCLUSION: This study shows that although augmentation panretinal photocoagulation achieved faster regression of retinopathy risk factors, by 1 year, there was no difference in either mean regression of retinopathy risk factors or visual acuity between eyes treated or not treated with augmentation panretinal photocoagulation. In addition, the study shows that the persistence of 3 or more retinopathy risk factors 1 year after treatment was associated with a poorer visual result. Because sample size limited the power of the study to find small differences between groups, and because in proliferative diabetic retinopathy small differences could be important clinically, the authors do not recommend changes in current clinical practice.