经可弯曲内科胸腔镜干粉状滑石粉胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液

目的探讨可弯曲内科胸腔镜滑石粉胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析9例恶性胸腔积液患者行胸膜固定术的临床资料。结果7例粘连良好,有效率77.8%(7/9)。滑石粉用量2～3g。胸痛4例,发热3例,对症治疗1、2d缓解,无严重并发症。结论可弯曲内科胸腔镜干粉状滑石粉胸膜固定术是一种安全、有效地治疗恶性胸腔积液的方法。     

内科胸腔镜在胸腔积液患者中的应用

目的 评价内科胸腔镜时不明原因胸腔积液患者的诊断价值以及经内科胸腔镜滑石粉喷洒在恶性胸腔积液患者的治疗价值及安全性.方法 回顾性总结该院46例原因不明的胸腔积液或恶性胸腔积液接受内科胸腔镜诊断或治疗患者的临床资料.结果 46例患者接受内科胸腔镜检查.其中,25例为原因不明的胸腔积液患者,21例为恶性胸腔积液患者.在25例不明原因胸腔积液患者中,通过内科胸腔镜检查最终确诊23例,诊断有效率为92%.21例恶性胸腔积液患者接受经内科胸腔镜滑石粉喷洒的胸膜粘连术,1个月后随访,有18例患者无胸水复发,成功率为85.7%.所有接受内科胸腔镜检查或胸膜粘连术患者无严重并发症,仅有部分患者出现胸痛和自限性发热,分别为32.6%和21.7%.结论 内科胸腔镜诊断病因不明胸腔积液以及通过胸腔镜对难治性恶性胸腔积液患者进行滑石粉胸膜固定术安全有效,创伤较少,具有重要的临床应用价值.     

电视胸腔镜辅助胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床应用

目的探讨电视胸腔镜辅助下胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析电视胸腔镜辅助下胸膜内喷洒滑石粉治疗恶性胸腔积液26例患者的临床资料。结果所有病例均手术成功,胸膜固定术有效率为94.4%。无严重并发症发生。结论电视胸腔镜在恶性胸腔积液的处理中具有安全、微创、诊断准确的特点,胸膜腔内喷洒滑石粉是胸膜固定的有效方法。     

胸腔镜下滑石粉胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效分析

目的观察胸腔镜辅助下医用滑石粉胸膜固定术治疗大量恶性胸腔积液的疗效,探讨其应用价值。方法将2006年1月至2008年12月本科收治的74例恶性胸腔积液患者分成两组,采用胸腔镜下医用滑石粉胸膜固定术35例,采用胸腔闭式引流（ARROW管）并注入50％高渗葡萄糖治疗39例。结果胸腔镜辅助下医用滑石粉胸膜固定术组总有效率88．6％,其中82．9％的恶性胸腔积液患者获完全持久胸膜固定;高渗葡萄糖胸膜粘连术治疗恶性胸腔积液组总有效率51．2％,其中完全缓解38．5％。结论胸腔镜辅助下医用滑石粉胸膜固定治疗恶性胸腔积液是一种有效措施。     

可弯曲内科胸腔镜在老年胸腔积液患者中的应用价值——附12例报告

目的：探讨可弯曲内科胸腔镜用于老年胸腔积液患者的诊断与治疗价值及其安全性。方法：予8例不明病因的老年胸腔积液患者行可弯曲内科胸腔镜检查,另4例确诊的老年胸腔积液患者通过可弯曲内科胸腔镜行胸膜固定术。结果：可弯曲内科胸腔镜检查术病理确诊率100％,8例术前不明病因患者中,转移性腺癌4例,恶性胸膜间皮瘤3例,结核病1例,其中5例恶性胸腔积液者加行胸膜固定术。共9例行胸膜固定术。活检时局部可见少量出血4例,均无需特殊处理而自愈。所有患者均能耐受至手术完成。术后出现胸痛4例,发热3例,予对症治疗,1～2d缓解。术后拔管时间2～14d,中位时间6d。住院时间3～33d,中位时间18d。术后1～2周复查超声,2例肋膈角少量胸腔积液,其余均粘连良好。结论：可弯曲内科胸腔镜用于老年胸腔积液患者的诊断和治疗价值高、安全、微创、有效。     

可弯曲内科胸腔镜在渗出性胸腔积液诊断中价值

目的 探讨可弯曲内科胸腔镜在渗出性胸腔积液诊断中的应用价值.方法 95例渗出性胸腔积液患者均应用可弯曲内科胸腔镜行胸膜活检术.结果 病理诊断胸膜转移肿瘤46例,其中转移腺癌32例、转移鳞癌14例,恶性胸膜间皮瘤5例,结核性胸膜炎37例,非特异性慢性炎症5例,未能确定组织类型2例,确诊率92.6％;无严重并发症发生.结论 可弯曲内科胸腔镜检查应用于渗出性胸腔积液诊断确诊率高.     

电视胸腔镜对17例疑难性胸腔积液的应用价值

目的通过电视胸腔镜手术观察其对疑难性胸腔积液的诊断和治疗价值。方法对疑难性胸腔积液患者进行电视胸腔镜手术 ,观察其胸腔内部病变情况 ,并进行病理活检 ,对其中 2例恶性胸腔积液使用滑石粉胸膜固定。结果 17例患者中 ,确诊 16例 ,其中结核性 5例 ,鳞癌 4例 ,腺癌 5例 ,血管肉瘤 1例 ,恶性黑色素瘤 1例 ,另外 1例未能确诊。所有结核性胸腔积液均为淡黄色胸水 ,恶性胸腔积液中有 2例为血性胸水。恶性胸腔积液的病变广泛 ,胸膜上有结节和大片斑块状病变 ,最大范围达 5cm× 6cm ,部位以中、下肺居多 ,病变颜色大部分为灰白色 ,个别为淡黄色。8例有胸膜粘连。结核性胸腔积液的病变相对局限 ,为粟粒样淡黄色结节或干酪样斑块 ,分布以中、上肺为多 ;壁层胸膜弥漫性充血、水肿。 5例均有胸膜粘连。 2例恶性胸腔积液滑石粉胸膜固定术后 ,疗效满意。结论电视胸腔镜手术为诊治疑难性胸腔积液的有效手段 ,但应掌握好适应证     

可弯曲内科胸腔镜在胸膜疾病诊治中的应用

目的:探讨内科胸腔镜在胸膜疾病中的诊疗价值.方法:92例胸膜疾病患者行内科胸腔镜活检及治疗,统计胸腔积液的确诊率及胸膜粘连术的疗效.结果:内科胸腔镜下胸膜活检术确诊率达95.6%,常规胸膜活检术确诊率59.6%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);内科胸腔镜下喷洒滑石粉胸膜固定法治疗恶性胸腔积液总有效率为91.7%,常规胸腔穿刺后胸腔内注入人重组细胞白介素-2的有效率为53.8%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:内科胸腔镜技术的介入,使胸膜疾病的诊断及治疗提高到了一个新的水平,且操作相对简单、安全性高.     

电视胸腔镜手术在胸腔积液诊断治疗中的作用分析

目的：探讨电视胸腔镜在胸腔积液诊治中的价值。方法：回顾性分析2000年7月—2010年4月87例胸腔积液经电视胸腔镜手术的临床资料。应用双腔气管插管全身麻醉或局麻加强化,行肺组织及胸壁纤维膜或纤维板剥脱术。术中均取活组织检查,送快速冰冻切片。对癌性胸腔积液,用氩气刀喷灼或电钩烧灼病灶,胸腔内注射顺铂,喷洒滑石粉或在胸腔镜下行胸膜剥脱术。结果：31例术前未确诊的胸腔积液术后诊断明确。恶性胸腔积液10例,胸膜结核16例,慢性炎症5例。56例与术前诊断一致。肺纤维膜或纤维板剥脱54例。氩气刀喷灼或电钩烧灼病灶、注射顺铂、滑石粉喷洒胸膜固定术31例。单纯滑石粉喷洒胸膜固定术5例。胸膜剥脱术15例。结论：电视胸腔镜手术诊治胸腔积液具有诊断率高、安全、准确、损伤小的特点。     

内科胸腔镜在胸腔积液中的临床应用价值

目的探讨内科胸腔镜在胸腔积液中的临床应用价值。方法对行内科胸腔镜检查诊断的96例胸腔积液患者的临床资料进行分析、总结,通过与临床常用鉴别良恶性胸腔积液的影像学、胸腔积液细胞病理和胸膜活组织检查术等比较,评估内科胸腔镜检查在胸腔积液中的应用价值。结果96例患者中经胸腔镜直视下多部位取材病理活组织检查的确诊率为94．8％（91／96）：结核性胸膜炎65例（67．7％）,肺腺癌10例（10．4％）,腺鳞癌4例（4．2％）,胸膜间皮瘤7例（7．3％）,小细胞癌1例（1．0％）,肾透明细胞癌肺转移腺鳞癌1例（1．0％）,脓胸2例（2．1％）,慢性非特异性炎症1例（1．0％）。内科胸腔镜检查常见并发症为疼痛、出血、发热、皮下气肿等,均未引起严重后果。结论内科胸腔镜是一种安全、简便、诊断率高的微创诊疗技术,在胸腔积液的诊疗中具有重要的临床应用价值。     

胸腔镜检术在胸腔积液中的应用价值

对146例原因不明胸腔积液患者作胸腔镜检查,其中127例确诊为恶性病109例和良性特异性疾病18例。将全部病例组织学诊断与随访结果比较,发现本检查敏感性为92.7％、特异性100％,准确率93.2％。72例经胸腔镜喷入滑石粉治疗,63例获得完全的胸膜固定,持久的成功率在67例恶性胸水中为88.1％,在5例良性胸水中为 80％。术后仅有短暂发热和局限性皮下气肿及2例胸腔引流部位肿瘤种植。本法对胸腔积液病因诊断有较高临床实用价值,滑石粉胸膜固定术是控制顽固性胸腔积液的一种有效方法。     

滑石粉硬化材料在胸腔镜胸膜固定治疗顽固性恶性胸腔积液中的应用

背景：胸腔镜胸膜固定为恶性胸腔积液公认的积极有效治疗手段,硬化剂的优劣直接关系胸膜固定的成功与否,关系到术后的恢复。目的：探讨滑石粉法胸腔镜胸膜固定在顽固性恶性胸腔积液治疗中的作用。方法：纳入顽固性恶性胸腔积液患者29例,其中男14例,女15例,年龄38-79岁,在双腔气管插管静脉复合麻醉下行胸腔镜胸膜固定,硬化剂选择无菌滑石粉,术后观察不良反应情况,术后1个月检查胸部CT,观察胸水量。结果与结论：29例术后均出现胸痛,自行缓解18例,需口服曲马多治疗患者8例,需口服吗啡或注射杜冷丁或吗啡患者3例。术后3 d出现发热者3例。全组无肺水肿、急性呼吸窘迫综合征等严重并发症发生,无死亡病例。术后1个月,治疗有效24例,显效3例,无效2例,总有效率为93%。表明滑石粉法胸腔镜胸膜固定为治疗顽固性恶性胸腔积液一种积极有效的手段。     

内科胸腔镜在不明原因胸腔积液中的诊断价值

[目的]探讨内科胸腔镜对于不明原因胸腔积液病因的诊断价值.[方法]对经内科胸腔镜诊断的20例不明原因胸腔积液患者的临床资料进行分析、总结,通过与临床常用的鉴别良恶性胸腔积液的影像学、生化指标、胸腔积液细胞学检查等比较,评估内科胸腔镜检查的优势.[结果]20例患者中经胸腔镜直视下多部位取材病理活检的确诊率为85%(17/20):恶性间皮瘤5例,胸膜转移瘤5例,结核性胸膜炎6例,非特异性炎症1例;内科胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液的敏感性为90.9%(10/11),特异性为100%(10/10).胸部CT显示胸膜厚度>1 cm,胸腔积液CEA/血清CEA>1检测的敏感性、特异性分别为45.6%(5/11)、100%(5/5)和80%(4/5)、75%(3/4),两者敏感性均低于内科胸腔镜( P <0.01);内科胸腔镜的常见并发症为活检部位出血、疼痛及发热.[结论]使用内科胸腔镜对胸腔积液的病因诊断具有较高的临床实用价值,为一种安全、有效、诊断率高的检查方法.     

Surgical and other invasive approaches to recurrent pleural effusion with malignant etiology

With an increasing number of cancer survivors, the annual incidence of malignant pleural effusions has been rising in recent decades worldwide. Many patients with various forms of cancer develop malignant pleural effusions at some point in their life. Patients most commonly present with progressive dyspnea. These effusions are refractory and are associated with impaired quality of life for these patients. The main goals of management are evacuation of the pleural fluid and prevention of its re-accumulation. The therapy plan should consider the general health of the patients, their performance status, the presence of trapped lung, and the primary malignancy. However, there is no universally established, standard approach. Surgical options include thoracentesis, chest tube drainage, thoracoscopy followed by chemical and mechanical pleurodesis, Pleur-X catheter drainage, and pleurectomy. Chemical pleurodesis is the most common modality of therapy for patients with recurrent pleural effusion. For example, Talc is the most successful pleurodesis agent with similar equal to that of poudrage or slurry. Pleur-X catheter can reduce hospital stay and adds value to the treatment of patients with trapped lung, who are not appropriate candidates for pleurodesis. Furthermore, a mechanical pleurodesis has been shown to be effective particularly in pleural effusions with lower pH. This article reviews the surgical and other invasive options as well as their technical aspects in the management of recurrent malignant pleural effusions.     

Thoracoscopic management of pleural effusions in Kaposi's sarcoma: a rapid and effective alternative for diagnosis and treatment

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is one of the most common causes of pleural effusion in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Pleural effusions due to KS carry a high morbidity and mortality. Their treatment is difficult, and they respond poorly to chemical pleurodesis. Even systemic chemotherapy against KS has little effect on the pleural effusions. Commonly, repeated therapeutic thoracentesis or chest tube drainage is required. We present a case of advanced KS with bilateral pleural effusions. We believe this is the first reported case in which medical thoracoscopy with talc pleurodesis has been shown to achieve adequate control of the effusions.     

Palliative iodized talc pleurodesis with instillation via tube thoracostomy

Pleural effusions are a severe complication of advanced malignant disease. Palliative treatment strategies should be simple and effective. We investigated iodized talc pleurodesis through tube thoracostomy for this purpose. A total of 43 patients received a suspension of 5 g talc with 3 g thymol iodine via chest tube. The procedure was well tolerated without major complications in all cases. Unfortunately, 4 patients died of disease within the 1st month after treatment, so that only 39 patients were evaluable for treatment outcome. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 14 months. The success rate after 3 months was 92.5%. In conclusion, iodized talc pleurodesis is an excellent tool in the palliative management of malignant pleural effusions. Administration via chest tube is sufficient for treatment success.     

Video-thoracoscopic surgical pleurodesis in the management of malignant pleural effusion: the importance of an early intervention

Thoracentesis plays an important role in cancer patients with symptomatic effusions, although its effect is short-lived and symptoms recur in almost all patients. Early video-thoracoscopic surgical pleurodesis may provide added benefit to a group of patients with advanced cancer presenting with symptomatic malignant pleural effusion. Seventy-six patients with advanced cancer and pleural effusion due to pulmonary-pleural metastases were recruited. In 51 cases (67.1%), at least one thoracentesis was performed before admission for surgery. Preoperative staging consisted of chest radiograph, CT scan, and blood gas analysis. The mean Karnofsky performance status was about 50. Pleurodesis with talc poudrage was completely successful in all patients, with a morbidity rate of 2.6%. There was no post-operative mortality. Three patients (3.9%) underwent further thoracenteses for recurrence of pleural effusion within two months after the procedure. Early use of talc insufflated by video-thoracoscopic surgery is an effective and relatively safe method for treating pleural effusion, and preventing recurrence, in advanced cancer patients.     

应用电视纵隔镜诊治恶性胸腔积液

目的探讨电视纵隔镜在恶性胸腔积液诊治中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2003年5月～2004年10月20例行电视纵隔镜胸膜活检 滑石粉胸膜固定术治疗的恶性胸腔积液患者的资料。结果手术诊断率100.0％，有效率95．0％，全组无手术死亡。结论电视纵隔镜对恶性胸腔积液的诊断和治疗有较高的临床实用价值。