喉癌患者细胞免疫状态观察

为了观察喉癌患者细胞免疫状态，应用免疫组化技术对７０例喉癌患者的外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群（ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８）测定，并观察肿瘤组织中的浸润Ｔ淋巴细胞。结果表明：喉癌患者ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４明显低于健康人（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＣＤ８明显高于健康人（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８明显低于健康人（Ｐ＜０．０１）。晚期喉癌患者ＣＤ４显著低于早期患者（Ｐ＜０．０１），外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群检测与观察肿瘤组织中的Ｔ淋巴细胞浸润程度所表现细胞免疫状态是一致的。     

慢性扁桃体炎患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群测定

目的：探讨慢性扁桃体炎患者免疫状态。方法：对６０例慢性扁桃体炎患者进行外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群测定。结果：慢性扁桃体炎患者的ＣＤ４,ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８较正常对照组降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：慢性扁桃体炎患者细胞免疫功能受抑制,免疫系统失衡。     

变应性鼻炎红细胞和淋巴细胞免疫粘附功能和2种细胞因子的检测

目的 探讨红、白细胞免疫功能及白细胞介素－４（ｉｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ－４,ＩＬ－４）和干扰素γ（ｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｏｎ－γ,ＩＦＮ－γ）在变应性鼻炎发病中所起的作用。方法 采用红细胞、淋巴细胞免疫吸附法和ＢＡＥＬＩＳＡ法对外周血单核细胞分泌的ＩＬ－４和ＩＦＮ－γ进行了测定。结果 ４３例常年性变应性鼻炎患者的红细胞、淋巴细胞免疫功能和ＩＦＮ－γ水平均低于健康对照组（分别为Ｐ〈０．０５和Ｐ〈０．０１）,而ＩＬ－４的表达高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;结论 提示红细胞、淋巴细胞免疫功能、ＩＬ－４和ＩＦＮ－γ的异常在变应性鼻炎的发生发展起重要作用。     

鼻息肉组织中T—细胞亚群的分布及2种白细胞介素表达？…

目的 探讨Ｔ－淋巴细胞及细胞因子白细胞介素（ｉｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ,ＩＬ）调节２功能的紊乱在鼻息肉发病中的重要作用。方法 应用免疫组织化学的方法检测３２例鼻息肉标本和６例下鼻甲粘膜对照标本中Ｔ－细胞亚群（ＣＤ＾＋４和ＣＤ＾＋８细胞）以及细胞因子ＩＬ－５、ＩＬ－１０阳性细胞的表达情况。并进行统计学分析。结果 鼻息肉组织中可见各种炎细胞浸润,ＣＤ＾＋４和ＣＤ＾＋８细胞数增多（Ｐ〈０．００１）;其中ＣＤ     

中耳积液中胆固醇含量及细胞成分的研究

采用瑞士罗氏公司产ＣＯＢＡＳ－ＦＡＲＡ－Ⅱ型全自动生化分析仪以酶法测量４４例中耳积液中胆固醇含量，发现老年病人明显高于青少年患者，二者差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）；粘液者显著高于浆液者，二者差异非常显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）；病程４个月以上者显著高于２个月以内者，二者差异极为显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）。各细胞成分组间胆固醇含量均值无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。表明：分泌性中耳炎患者，尤其是积液呈粘液性者，越是年纪大     

喉癌患者机体免疫状态的研究

采用放射免疫扩散法、碱性磷酸酶－抗碱性磷酸酶法和乳酸脱氢酶法，对６８例喉癌患者进行机体免疫状态研究，结果：ＣＤ３＾＋、ＣＤ４＾＋细胞和ＮＫ细胞活性均较对照组明显低下（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＣＤ８＾＋细胞较对照组稍有增加但无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）；ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ较对照组稍见低下但无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。提示：喉癌患者细胞免疫水平低下，ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋比值下降，机体免疫系统处于被抑制     

两种免疫调节剂辅助LAK细胞杀伤喉癌细胞的体外研究

为探讨如何提高白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）／ＬＡＫ细胞过继免疫治疗的抗肿瘤作用，应用免疫调节剂分枝杆菌多糖或ＣＤ３单克隆抗体协同ＩＬ－２诱导的健康人外周血淋巴细胞来源的ＬＡＫ细胞在体外扩增，测定其对喉癌ＨＥＰ－２细胞杀伤活性。实验结果：（１）不同免疫调节剂对ＬＡＫ细胞扩增的影响。实验组三且细胞于体外扩增均明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）；ＭＰＳ组或ＣＤ３组细胞的扩增倍数比单纯应用ＩＬ－２组为高（Ｐ〈０     

溶菌酶和乳铁蛋白在慢性鼻窦炎钩突粘膜中的表达

目的了解钩突在局部防御慢性炎症过程中的作用。方法采用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法，检测溶菌酶（ｌｙｓｏｚｙｍｅ，ＬＺ）和乳铁蛋白（ｌａｃｔｏｆｅｒｉｎ，ＬＦ）在１７侧健康和７０侧慢性鼻窦炎患者（分为单纯炎症组和合并鼻息肉组）钩突粘膜中的表达情况。结果①ＬＺ在单纯炎症组钩突粘膜杯状细胞中表达较健康对照组加强（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＬＦ在健康和慢性鼻窦炎钩突杯状细胞中常为阴性表达；②ＬＺ在健康和慢性鼻窦炎钩突粘膜腺体的浆液性和粘液性细胞中均有表达；ＬＦ只在浆液性腺细胞胞浆中表达。合并鼻息肉组钩突粘膜腺细胞中ＬＺ和ＬＦ的表达增强，其ＬＺ的表达与健康对照组和单纯炎症组相比差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＬＦ的表达与健康对照组比较差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）；③钩突粘膜上皮细胞对ＬＺ和ＬＦ多为阴性表达。结论钩突粘膜中的杯状细胞和混合腺对ＬＺ和ＬＦ的分泌起重要作用，可能参与构成局部免疫防御系统。     

血管通透性因子在鼻息肉中的表达及意义

目的 探讨血管通透性因子（ｖａｓｃｕｌａｒ ｐｅｒｍｅａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＶＰＦ）在鼻息肉组织中的表达及意义。方法 将９例鼻息肉标本及８例下鼻甲粘膜标本行ＶＰＦ及其受体ｆｌｋ－１的免疫组化染色，光镜观查。结果 ＶＰＦ在鼻息肉组织的血管内皮细胞和腺体细胞的表达明显高于下鼻甲组织（Ｐ〈０．０１，Ｐ〈０．０５），ｆｌｋ－１在血管内皮细胞的表达明显高于下鼻甲组织（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论 ＶＰＦ对鼻     

儿童变应性鼻炎T细胞亚群检测分析

观察正常儿童与变应性鼻炎患儿外周血Ｔ细胞亚群分布的差异。方法用间接免疫荧光法随机检测儿童变应性鼻炎组１６例和正常对照组２０例,并进行统计学分析。结果变应性鼻炎组外周血中ＣＥ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８较对照组均有明显下降。结论Ｔ细胞亚群分布的改变是变态反应性疾病免疫功能紊乱的重要环节,可以作为变应性疾病的监测指标。     

促炎细胞因子在慢性鼻窦炎发病中的作用

目的 :探讨促炎细胞因子在慢性鼻窦炎发病机制中的作用。方法 :应用免疫组化SABC法对两型慢性鼻窦炎上颌窦粘膜内白细胞介素 1, 8(IL 1,IL 8)和肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)进行检测。结果 :在慢性单纯性鼻窦炎Ⅰ型组中IL 1、IL 8和TNF阳性细胞数明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而Ⅱ型组中IL 8和TNF阳性细胞数明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;Ⅰ型组IL 1明显高于Ⅱ型组 (P <0 .0 1) ;另两类细胞因子在两组间差异无显著性意义。结论 :促炎细胞因子在慢性鼻窦炎发病中起一定作用 ,但两型鼻窦炎起作用的细胞因子并不相同 ,通过对不同细胞因子类型的研究可以进一步了解慢性鼻窦炎不同类型发病机制的差异     

Inflammation and remodeling of the sinus mucosa in children and adults with chronic sinusitis

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The sinus mucosal inflammatory response in adult patients with chronic sinusitis is well documented in the literature. In contrast, little is known about the pathogenesis of this condition in children. The objective of the study was to compare the inflammatory cell profile and the extent of tissue remodeling in the sinus mucosa of children and adults with chronic sinusitis. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective design. METHODS: Children (n = 7) and adult patients (n = 7) with chronic sinusitis undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery were recruited for the study. Patients with no evidence of sinus disease (n = 6) were used as control subjects. Using immunohistochemical analysis, sinus mucosal specimens were assessed for the presence of T lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and neutrophils. The extent of submucosal collagen deposition was evaluated in histological sections using van Gieson stain. RESULTS: The number of T lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils and the amount of subepithelial collagen deposition are significantly higher in the mucosa of both adults and children with chronic sinusitis compared with normal control subjects (P <.01). The number of mast cells is significantly higher in the mucosa of children with chronic sinusitis compared with normal control subjects (P <.01). The number of eosinophils and neutrophils and the amount of subepithelial collagen deposition are significantly greater in adults compared with children with chronic sinusitis (P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: The sinus mucosal inflammatory profile is similar in adults and children with chronic sinusitis. However, the degree of tissue eosinophilia and remodeling is significantly greater in adult sinus specimens when compared with those of children with chronic sinusitis.     

Lymphocyte subsets of maxillary mucosa in chronic inflammation

Subsets of infiltrating lymphocytes within maxillary sinus mucosae of patients with chronic sinusitis were investigated by immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections with the use of monoclonal antibodies. The most commonly observed infiltrating cell type was suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) and smaller subpopulations of lymphocytes were helper/inducer T cells (CD4+) and B cells (CD20+). Variable numbers of HLA-DR+ cells were commonly observed in the lamina propria. The fibrous type of chronic sinusitis was found to have more suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) and lower CD4/CD8 ratio than the other histopathological types.     

喉癌癌周浸润细胞的表现型和临床预后的关系

应用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法及甲苯胺兰和ＨＥ染色对８２例喉癌切除标本癌周浸润的Ｔ淋巴细胞，Ｂ淋巴细胞，巨噬细胞，郎格罕细胞，肥大细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润程度、分布特点进行了观察。同时结合临床随访对与临床预后有影响的八个临床、病理学指标及六类浸润细胞进行多因素逐步Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析。结果发现喉癌局部有不同程度的上述细胞浸润。除Ｂ淋巴细胞以外各类细胞的浸润程度对临床预后（５年存活率）均有一定影响（Ｐ＜０．０１）。通过多因素分析认为嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润程度是影响预后的最重要因素（Ｐ＝０．００３），其次为Ｔ淋巴细胞（Ｐ＝０．００５）和肿瘤组织学分级（Ｐ＝０．０３３）。说明癌周浸润细胞在宿主局部抗肿瘤免疫反应中起重要作用。     

Lymphocyte subsets in normal airway mucosa of the human nose

The distribution and number of lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and cells expressing HLA-DR antigen were studied in frozen biopsy sections of nasal mucosa from 40 healthy adults, using monoclonal antibody avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase techniques. The lymphocyte to monocyte/macrophage ratio was estimated to be 10:1; the T cell to B cell ratio was 3:1; and the T helper/inducer cell to T suppressor/cytotoxic cell ratio averaged 2.5:1. Regional differences were observed with a relatively increased number of T suppressor/cytotoxic cells around submucosal glands, and a relatively large number of B cells in lymphocyte aggregates in the lamina propria. The HLA-DR antigen was expressed in epithelial cells, suggesting involvement of surface epithelium of human airway in local immune responses.     

Comparison of sinusitis with and without allergic rhinitis: characteristics of paranasal sinus effusion and mucosa.

PURPOSE: The relationship between chronic sinusitis and allergy has been discussed for many years. Type I allergies are believed to be involved in chronic sinusitis. However, there is not enough evidence to allow allergic sinusitis to be distinguished as an exact entity. This study was designed to examine the role of immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic reactions in allergic sinusitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated the differences between 31 patients with allergic rhinitis and chronic sinusitis (allergic sinusitis) and 48 control subjects with nonallergic chronic sinusitis (chronic sinusitis). The pathological features of paranasal sinus effusion and mucosa were examined and compared in these two groups. RESULTS: The number of eosinophils, activated eosinophils, and neutrophils was higher in paranasal sinus effusion from patients with allergic sinusitis. The concentration of interleukin-5 was higher in the effusion of allergic sinusitis patients. In addition, more eosinophils and activated eosinophils infiltrated into the sinus mucosa of patients with allergic sinusitis. CONCLUSION: The type I allergic reaction has a significant role in the pathogenesis of sinusitis arising in patients with allergic rhinitis.     

A study of infiltrated cells in the maxillary mucosa in nasal allergy and chronic sinusitis

The cloudiness of the maxillary sinus in Waters-view is 37% in patients with nasal allergy. The pathogenesis of this cloudiness has not fully understood yet; is it due to the type- I allergic reaction, or secondary maxillary sinusitis? To clarify the pathology, we studied the infiltrated cells in 37 mucosae of the maxillary sinus in which X-ray revealed an abnormal shadow. Samples were also taken from 9 antrums with chronic sinusitis, and 18 and 4 nasal mucosae form the inferior turbinate with nasal allergy and sinusitis, respectively. Each specimen were fixed with Carnoy solution and formalin, and were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin, and with Alcian blue & Safranin. Numbers of formalin sensitive and resistant mast cells and eosinophils were determined in the epithelium, and superficial and deep layers of the lamina propria, respectively. The population of both mast cells in each compartment was not different between nasal allergy and maxillary sinusitis both in the nasal and maxillary mucosae. The number of eosinophils in the maxillary and nasal epithelial significantly increased in nasal allergy compared with sinusitis. These results suggested that type-I allergic reaction might occur in the maxillary mucosa as well as nasal mucosa in patients with nasal allergy.     

慢性鼻窦炎患者上颌窦粘膜微循环观察

目的:探讨慢性鼻窦炎患者上颌窦粘膜微循环血流量的变化。方法:在鼻窦内窥镜引导下应用激光多普勒血流计检测10例慢性单纯性鼻窦炎患者(慢性单纯性鼻窦炎组),10例慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者(慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉组)及10例健康者(正常对照组)上颌窦粘膜微循环血流量的状况。结果:慢性单纯性鼻窦炎组和慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉组上颌窦粘膜的微循环血流量均下降,分别与正常对照组相比较,其差异均有显著性意义(分别为P<0.05和P<0.01),但两组间比较,其差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:慢性鼻窦炎患者上颌窦粘膜微循环血流量明显减少。     

Current views on the molecular biology of chronic sinusitis

The development of chronic sinusitis is a multifactorial process primarily related to allergen exposure, genetic predisposition, and persistent infections. Like allergic rhinitis, the inflammatory substrate in chronic sinusitis is highlighted by the abundance of mononuclear inflammatory cells, eosinophils, and T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines. Corticosteroids are the most potent agents available for relieving the symptoms of chronic sinusitis, and they act by inhibiting the synthesis of Th2 cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. The mechanisms of corticosteroid insensitivity in chronic sinusitis and other inflammatory conditions are poorly understood. Microbial products and abnormalities in cytokine expression and corticosteroid receptors have been suggested as potential mechanisms of corticosteroid resistance. The purpose of this article is to review our current knowledge of the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis and highlight recent advances in the molecular biology of the inflammatory process underlying this condition. The issue of corticosteroid insensitivity in chronic sinusitis will also be addressed.     

Passive smoking causes an 'allergic' cell infiltrate in the nasal mucosa of non-atopic children

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is one of the most common indoor pollutants to which many children are exposed. This study was set up to determine possible effects on cellular infiltrates in the nasal mucosa of children exposed to ETS. The research population consisted of a group of ten children exposed to more then 15 cigarettes/day and a control group of ten children without exposure. The groups were matched for age and gender. None of the children had an atopic constitution. Immunohistochemical staining techniques were used to determine the number of Langerhans cells, T cells, B cells, granulocytes, macrophages, mast cells and eosinophils in the nasal mucosa. IgE+ cells and eosinophils were seen in significantly higher cell numbers in the nasal mucosa of children exposed to ETS (Mann-Whitney U-test). IgE+ mast cells were not found to be more numerous in the ETS-exposed group. We can conclude that exposure to ETS causes changes in cellular infiltrates which partly resemble those seen in the nasal mucosa of allergic children. However, no sign of allergic sensitisation can be found in the nasal mucosa. Children with a genetic predisposition to allergic disease will probably suffer most from the 'unstable' nasal mucosa due to ETS.