18F-FDG PET与99Tcm- MDP显像诊断肿瘤骨转移的比较

目的　研究1 8F 脱氧葡萄糖 (FDG)PET显像对肿瘤骨转移的诊断价值 ,并与99Tcm 亚甲基二膦酸盐 (MDP)骨显像比较。方法　 4 3例确诊的肿瘤患者在 1个月内先后行1 8F FDGPET及99Tcm MDP骨显像 ,其中 2 4例经其他检查及随访证实为骨转移。对比分析 2种显像结果。结果　 2 4例骨转移患者FDGPET显像均为阳性 ,骨显像阳性 2 2例 ,灵敏度分别为 10 0 %和 91.7% ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。19例无骨转移患者中FDGPET显像阴性 18例 ,骨显像阴性 11例 ,特异性分别为 94 .7%和5 7 9% ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。 2种方法检测骨转移的准确性分别为 97.7%和 76 .7% ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　1 8F FDGPET显像诊断肿瘤骨转移的灵敏度与99Tcm MDP骨显像无明显差别 ,但有更高的特异性和准确性。     

应用全身18F-FDG PET/PET-CT为脑转移瘤患者寻找原发灶

目的 评价全身18F-FDG PET/PET-CT在脑转移瘤寻找原发灶中的诊断价值.方法 对67例以脑转移瘤查找原发灶为主诉的肿瘤患者的18F-FDG PET/PET-CT资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组67例患者中57例患者的原发灶位置得到了确诊,原发灶的检出率为85.1%;其中原发性肺癌29例,占50.9%;所有肺癌中病理分型为低分化腺癌者共13/29例,占44.8%.除可检出原发灶外,18F-FDG PET/PET-CT全身显像还检出肺转移、淋巴结转移、骨转移、肝转移及其他少见部位的转移灶.与"F-FDG PET-CT相比,单纯的18F-FDG PET图像对肺转移病灶的检出率仅为10.9%.结论 18F-FDG PET/PET-CT的全身扫描有利于发现原发灶及其他转移灶.     

全身18F-FDGPET-CT在脑转移瘤诊断中的应用

目的评价全身18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖（18F-fluorodeoxyglucose,18 F-FDG）正电子发射断层扫描（posi—tronemissiontomography,PET）-CT显像在脑转移瘤的诊断及寻找原发灶中的应用价值。方法对全身脑转移瘤及可疑脑转移瘤的212例行PET—CT检查,并回顾性分析其临床资料。结果212例中,肺原发恶性病变158例（74．5％）,其他部位原发恶性肿瘤40例（18．9％）,可疑脑原发病变11例（5．2％）,未发现原发灶的脑转移瘤3例（1．4％）。未明确原发灶的48例中,全身PET-CT显像发现原发灶34例（70．8％）,其中肺恶性病变来源26例（54．2％）、其他部位来源恶性肿瘤8例（16．7％）。单纯胸部薄层CT扫描诊断为肺恶性病变来源者22例（45．8％）;CT性质不明确的孤立性肺结节4例,结合临床及全身PET—CT显像特征均诊断为肺恶性病变。结论全身18F—FDGPET—CT显像有利于发现脑转移瘤的原发灶。脑转移瘤来源于肺恶性病变较多。胸部薄层CT扫描有利于对原发灶的初步诊断。     

盆部原发肿瘤CT表现特征及其解剖学基础

目的分析盆部原发肿瘤CT增强表现特征，探讨产生各种影像表现的病理学和解剖学基础。方法回顾性分析14例经病理学证实的盆部原发肿瘤CT增强表现，包括病灶大小、密度、边缘、强化特征，肿块所在的解剖部位及其与邻近组织器官和间隙的关系等。结果良性肿瘤3例，恶性肿瘤11例。肿块位于盆腹膜腔和腹膜外间隙各6例，盆腹膜腔和腹膜外间隙同时受累2例。CT增强表现为实质性8例，囊实性6例；均匀强化3例，不均匀强化11例。肿块周围脂肪间隙清晰和受侵犯各7例。4例病灶内出现钙化，其中良性畸胎瘤2例，恶性畸胎瘤和类癌各1例。结论CT增强扫描能准确判断盆部原发肿瘤的解剖位置及其与邻近解剖结构的毗邻关系，初步判断肿瘤的良恶性，对畸胎瘤能做出比较明确的定性诊断。     

乳腺癌患者骨病灶SPECT/CT融合显像的临床价值

目的 探讨SPECT/CT融合显像诊断与鉴别乳腺癌患者全身骨显像放射性异常浓聚灶的临床价值。 方法 对25例乳腺癌患者的99Tcm-MDP全身骨显像显示的骨异常放射性浓聚灶行SPECT/CT融合显像。4~8个月后再次行全身骨显像及SPECT/CT融合显像复查。图像由两名有经验的核医学科医师独立分析, 部分CT图像由有经验的放射科医师分析指导。 结果 在25例乳腺癌患者的37个异常放射性浓聚灶中, 确定29(29/37, 78. 38%)个病灶为骨转移灶, 其中有2个椎体病灶在初次检查中判读为良性病灶; 8(8/37, 21. 62%)个病灶为良性病灶, 其中1个肋骨病灶在初次检查中判读为骨转移灶, 比较全身骨显像和SPECT/CT融合显像, 二者之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.975, P < 0.05)。骨转移灶主要分布于椎骨及肋骨。全身骨显像和SPECT/CT融合显像的诊断灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率分别为82.76%、75.00%、92.31%、54.55%、81.08%和93.10%、87.50%、96.43%、77.78%、91.89%。采用受试者操作特性曲线(ROC)进行分析, 结果:全身骨显像曲线下面积为0. 860±0. 056, SPECT/CT融合显像曲线下面积为0. 974±0. 020。SPECT/CT融合显像曲线下面积大于全身骨显像曲线下面积, 两者之间差异具有统计学意义(χ2=9. 924, P < 0.001)。 结论 SPECT/CT融合显像较全身骨显像能更好地鉴别出乳腺癌骨病灶的性质, 能够提高诊断准确率, 具有重要的临床价值; 必要时应在4~8个月后复查SPECT/CT。     

鼻腔原发性恶性黑色素瘤的影像学表现及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨鼻腔原发性恶性黑色素瘤的影像学表现及鉴别诊断.方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的9例鼻腔原发性恶性黑色素瘤的影像学表现.结果:9例患者主要CT表现为单侧(8例)或双侧(1例)鼻腔内密度均匀、形态不规则的软组织肿块,无钙化,8例(8/9)伴邻近结构的侵犯,2例增强后肿瘤不均匀明显强化,MRI表现:1例表现为典型的T1...     

Osteoblastoma in the nasal cavity: F-18 FDG PET/CT and Tc-99m MDP 3-phase bone scan findings with pathologic correlation

A benign osteoblastoma of the nasal cavity is very rare. A 57-year-old woman, who had a radical hysterectomy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix 5 years ago, underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT. An expansile bone tumor with high glucose metabolism in the middle turbinate of the left nasal cavity was incidentally demonstrated. A subsequent Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate 3-phase bone scan revealed focal increased uptake of radionuclide in all 3 phases at the corresponding tumor. Histology confirmed a benign osteoblastoma that was composed of proliferating osteoblasts with woven bone spicules and rich vascular stroma. Scintigraphic findings, including F-18 FDG PET/CT and 3-phase bone scan, reflected the pathologic features well.     

血清CA15-3、CEA检测联合全身骨显像在乳腺癌骨转移中的诊断价值

目的 评价血清肿瘤标志物糖类抗原15-3(CA15-3)、癌胚抗原(CEA)检测联合全身骨显像在乳腺癌骨转移诊断中的价值.方法 对97例乳腺癌患者(其中,骨转移组46例、无骨转移组51例)及45例良性乳腺疾病患者(良性病变组)行SPECT全身骨显像,对骨显像阴性但骨痛明显患者,再行CT或MRI检查以确诊.同时,用电化学...     

四肢原发性胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤的影像学表现及病理特征

目的 探讨四肢原发性胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤的影像特点,以提高对此肿瘤的影像诊断水平.方法 选取7例经病理证实的四肢原发性胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤的临床资料、病理结果及影像学表现.结果 7例四肢原发性胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤中,2例原发于骨组织,5例原发于软组织,其中1例侵犯相邻骨质.位于骨组织者,X线平片示髓腔呈溶骨性骨质破坏,轻度膨胀,可...     

18F-FDG符合线路显像诊断骨转移瘤的价值及与99Tcm-MDP骨显像的比较

目的 评价^18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)符合线路显像在骨转移瘤诊断中的价值，并与^99Tc^m-亚甲基二膦酸盐(MDP)骨显像进行比较。方法因怀疑恶性肿瘤或骨转移而行^18F-FDG符合线路显像者55例，41例于^18F-FDG检查前后4周内进行了^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像。其中30例骨转移瘤患者，15例无骨转移瘤，10例^18F-FDG显像示可疑肿瘤直接骨侵犯(单独进行分析)。结果 ^18F-FDG符合线路显像和骨显像对骨转移瘤的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、诊断准确性分别为100％，93％，97％，100％，98％和95％，50％，75％，86％，77％，前者特异性、阳性预测值、诊断准确性显著高于骨显像(P=0．024，0．035，0．007)；^18F-FDG显像发现30例骨转移瘤患者中的20例有骨外原发或转移肿瘤。10例^18F-FDG显像示可疑肿瘤直接骨侵犯患者中，4例被证实有骨受累，6例无骨受累，而骨显像对骨受累情况均作出了正确判断。结论 ^18F-FDG符合线路显像对骨转移瘤的诊断有较高的灵敏度和特异性，并能发现骨外原发或转移性肿瘤；^99Tc^m-MDP骨显像对骨转移瘤也有较高的灵敏度，但特异性较差。     

Peritoneal leiomyosarcomatosis originating from gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas: CT features

PURPOSE: To evaluate the computed tomographic (CT) features of peritoneal leiomyosarcomatosis (PL) originating from gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma and compare the CT features of primary gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas between patients with and those without PL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed the medical and surgical-pathology records and the CT scans of 89 patients with gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma to determine the prevalence of PL. Also, the CT scans of the patients with PL were evaluated for the morphologic appearance of peritoneal lesions. The CT features of the primary tumors were compared between the patients with and those without PL. Student t and Fisher exact tests were performed. RESULTS: Metastases were present in 39 patients. PL was seen in 25 patients. Other metastatic sites included liver in 26 patients, lymph nodes in 11, lungs in three, and bone in one. In the 25 patients with PL, CT findings included multiple discrete peritoneal nodules in 22 patients and massive peritoneal lesions in three. Smudged omental infiltration was combined with other findings in 10 patients. The sites of the peritoneal masses were mesentery in 18 patients, omentum in 11, paracolic gutters in 11, pelvic cavity in eight, perihepatic space in three, and perisplenic space in one. Four patients had ascites. There were statistically significant differences in size of primary tumor (mean diameter, 12.5 cm vs 9.2 cm) (P =.01) and prevalence of exophytic growth of primary tumor (P =.02) between the patients with and those without PL. CONCLUSION: CT findings can indicate PL in the differential diagnosis. The prevalence of PL appears to be higher when it originates from large primary tumors.     

骨显像的技术操作及应用与质量控制

目的 探讨通过注意骨显像的技术操作要点及正确使用骨显像的各种方式提高骨显像影像质量的方法.方法 对本科2011年～2012年2543例接受骨显像检查的患者进行分析.显像仪器为GE公司生产的Infinia VC Hawkeye双探头带符合线路SPECT,配低能通用型准直器.全身骨显像、局部骨显像、SPECT/CT骨显像静脉注入显像剂,注射后嘱患者饮水500～1000ml,于3～4h后开始检查;三时相骨显像采用“弹丸”式静脉注射显像剂,于即刻、10min、3～4h分别采集血流相、血池相和延迟相.结果 2543例接受骨显像检查的患者,行全身骨显像2543例(100％),行三时相骨显像366(14.4％),行局部骨显像168例(6.6％),行SPECT/CT骨显像81例(3.2％).结论 技师可通过熟练掌握不同方式骨显像的操作技术及其适应症,并充分利用核医学全身显像、局部显像等各种显像方式的优势来提高骨显像影像质量.     

骨肉瘤病的影像学诊断

目的分析骨肉瘤病的影像学表现，评价影像学的诊断价值。方法总结分析15例骨肉瘤病的影像学特点。15例均行平片检查，其中13例行CT检查，11例行发射型计算机体层摄影(ECT)检查，5例行MR检查。4例行DSA造影检查。结果15例中骨肉瘤病主病灶位于股骨远端者8例，胫骨近端5例，肱骨近端1例，锁骨1例。主病灶之外的多发病灶发生在股骨远端者6例，其中双侧病变2例。位于胫骨近端者8例，骨盆2例，脊柱椎体6例，颅骨1例，髂骨及骶髂关节4例，双侧股骨近端3例，胫骨远端2例。15例主要病变X线表现为典型骨肉瘤样，而发生在其他部位的病灶表现不同，多呈圆形成骨样改变。13例CT观察到病变范围分布及软组织肿块的情况；其中发生在骨髓病变区内的病变多为边缘清楚的高密度瘤骨，5例病变在MRI呈圆形信号改变。特别是髓腔内低信号的骨化区域显示得很清楚。11例ECT检查者可见呈全身分布的广泛浓聚区域。4例于DSA可观察到肿瘤血管边界及肿瘤血管的走行。结论骨肉瘤病为全身的多发病灶，影像学检查可观察全身发病的部位、表现，对疾病的诊断和治疗将提供可靠的依据。     

18 F-FDG PET显像与99Tcm-MDP全身骨显像诊断肿瘤远处转移的比较

目的　评价18F 脱氧葡萄糖 (FDG)PET肿瘤显像与99Tcm 亚甲基二膦酸盐 (MDP)全身骨显像对检出骨和远处转移的价值。方法　对 16例恶性肿瘤放化疗后的患者进行18F FDGPET显像和99Tcm MDP全身骨显像 ,并对两种结果进行了比较。结果　 16例肿瘤患者中18F FDGPET显像皆阳性 ,其中 14例患者有远处转移 ,转移病灶共 62处 ,其中骨转移病灶 2 0处 ;在全身骨显像中 ,11例有局限性异常放射性浓聚 ,其中 2例为单一病灶 ,9例为多发病灶 ,共检出病灶 5 7处 ,另 5例骨显像正常。结论　18F FDGPET对恶性肿瘤的诊断具有较高的准确性和特异性 ,但对骨转移灶的诊断价值相对较差 ;99Tcm MDP显像阴性或单一病灶的可疑转移瘤患者有必要进行18F FDGPET检查 ,以明确诊断其他远处转移灶     

Value and limits of CT in the preoperative assessment of primary malignant tumors of bone. Observations in 138 cases

To estimate the capabilities and limitations of CT in the preoperative evaluation of malignant primary bone neoplasms, 138 patients were examined with high resolution CT and subsequently underwent surgery. In all cases a pathologic examination of the surgical specimen was performed, whose results were compared to CT findings. CT appears to yield important diagnostic contribution to preoperative staging. As a matter of fact, CT shows the tumor extension and its relationship to the adjacent anatomical structures, particularly, it shows the involvement of the muscular and vascular bundles, and that of the articular cavity and medullary canal. These data are of primary importance for planning therapy. The commonest CT limitations are: overestimation of the tumor extension, false positives and false negatives when searching "skip" metastases, and, sometimes, inaccurate definition of the relationship between tumor and vascular bundles and/or articular cavities. These limitations may be overcome by using, when necessary, other techniques--i.e. angiography, bone scan and, above all, MR imaging.     

The value of whole body bone scan in the pre-operative assessment in carcinoma of the breast

In 126 patients with primary breast cancer a patient moving whole body bone scan was performed when they first presented. None of the patients in stage I had an evidence of skeletal metastases. Two patients (3%) of 62 in stage II and 4 patients (17%) in stage III had evidence of skeletal metastases. It appears that whole body scanning is the most accurate, sensitive and convenient method of detecting osseous metastases and of staging breast cancer. This investigation should be carried out pre-operatively. Detection of early asymptomatic bony metastases will provide a better planning of treatment with rational approach.     

The value of whole body bone scan in the pre-operative assessment in carcinoma of the breast.

In 126 patients with primary breast cancer a patient moving whole body bone scan was performed when they first presented. None of the patients in stage I had an evidence of skeletal metastases. Two patients (3%) of 62 in stage II and 4 patients (17%) in stage III had evidence of skeletal metastases. It appears that whole body scanning is the most accurate, sensitive and convenient method of detecting osseous metastases and of staging breast cancer. This investigation should be carried out pre-operatively. Detection of early asymptomatic bony metastases will provide a better planning of treatment with rational approach.     

不同病因所致化脓性腹膜炎的CT表现特征

目的 探讨不同病因所致继发性化脓性腹膜炎(SPP)的CT表现特征。资料与方法 搜集32例有CT检查资料的SPP病例,其中经手术病理证实24例,经腹腔穿刺和／或其他临床综合指标诊断8例。着重观察引起SPP的原发病灶及腹膜炎的CT表现。结果 32例除均具有SPP的CT表现外,它们的原发病灶的CT征象显示如下：无腹部手术史的25例腹膜炎中,胃肠道穿孔10例,急性阑尾炎7例,急性胆囊炎3例,腹、盆腔脓肿3例,升结肠炎症伴周围炎症2例;有腹部手术史的7例腹膜炎中,脓肿形成5例,引起腹腔感染2例。结论 应用CT扫描诊断SPP,有利于显示SPP原发病灶及腹膜炎CT征象以及二者的解剖关联性,对临床表现不典型病例的诊断和鉴别诊断有较大价值。     

Precision of total-body and regional bone mineral measurement by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

The precision of total-body and regional bone mineral measurements from whole body scans obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was determined in a phantom and two normal subjects. Whole body scans were performed once a week for three months at the speed of 80 mm/sec. Coefficients of variation for measurements of total-body bone mineral content (BMC) in the phantom and the subjects were 1.7% and 1.5% (average), respectively. Moreover, plots of total-body BMC values with time showed no significant slope, indicating the stability of the instrument. Regional BMC measurement from whole body scans, however, resulted in larger precision errors than total-body BMC measurement. This is attributed to the more rapid scan speed and coarser scan width used in whole body scanning as compared with regional scanning. Good precision of total-body BMC measurement by DEXA is of great clinical value in the assessment of metabolic bone disease.     

鼻腔和鼻旁窦平滑肌肉瘤的影像学表现(附5例报告)

目的：分析鼻腔鼻旁窦平滑肌肉瘤的CT与MRI表现，评价其临床价值。资料与方法：回顾分析经病理证实的鼻腔鼻旁窦平滑肌肉瘤5例，均行CT检查，其中2例加增强扫描；MRI检查2例，均为平扫加增强扫描。结果：肿瘤原发于鼻腔2例，上颌窦1例，1例肿瘤范围广已无法确定其原发部位，还有1例为鼻咽癌放射治疗14年的右后鼻孔－鼻咽区的复发肿瘤，肿瘤涉及范围包括鼻腔、筛窦、鼻咽部、眼眶、翼腭窝、颞下窝、咽部间隙、硬腭甚至口咽侧壁、中颅窝等。该类肿瘤呈浸润性生长及局部较广泛骨质破坏，无1例发生钙化及颈淋巴结转移。肿块在CT上3例呈较均匀的中等密度，2例密度不均；MRI T1WI呈无效中等信号，T2WI表现为略不均匀的中等到稍高信号，注射对比剂后肿瘤轻度强化或仅有部分强化。结论：鼻部平滑肌肉瘤表现为较广泛浸润性生长及骨质破坏，无钙化。CT能较好地显示肿瘤涉及范围及骨质破坏情况；MRI在区别肿瘤与周围炎性等病变方面较清楚。