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首诊眼科的颅内病变诊断分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 分析颅内病变的眼部表现及诊断方法。方法 分析22例首诊于眼科的颅内病变的眼部表现及辅助检查,初诊与确诊对照分析。结果 本组中,有视力下降占81.8%,视野改变占89.5%,视盘水肿占40.9%,视神经萎缩占50%,瞳孔改变占22.7%,眼肌麻痹占18.2%,初诊误诊率较高。头颅CT或MRI有助于早期诊断,但较难发现较小病灶。结论 颅内病变可以通过影响视路、瞳孔光反射路及眼运动神经而表现各种眼 相似文献
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首诊眼科的颅内病变26例分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:分析颅内病变的眼部表现及诊断方法.方法:回顾分析26例以眼部症状为主要表面而首诊于眼科的颅内病变.结果:视力下降占77%,视野改变占94.74%,视神经萎缩占34.70%,视盘水肿占23.08%,瞳孔改变占18.73%,眼肌麻痹占19.23%。误诊率42.31%,初诊误诊率较高,头颅CT或MRI有助于早期诊断,但较难发现较小的病变,视野检查可协助诊断。结论:颅内病变可能通过影响视路,瞳孔光反射路及眼运动神经而表现各种眼部症状,对可疑病例应根据症状,体征及时行头颅CT或MRI等检查。 相似文献
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许多原发于颅内的疾病会出现眼部的异常表现,这部分患者往往首诊在眼科。怎样准确、快速地将疾病分类,做针对性的检查和治疗,是眼科医师尤其是神经眼科医师的工作重点,本文以眼部症状、体征为线索,对涉及的颅内疾病作一综述。 相似文献
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视野检查是了解视觉功能的重要手段之一。在视路上发生的病变,通常会产生相应的视野改变。视路在颅内占有相当的范围,有大约50%的中枢神经系统病变或多或少、直接或间接地引起一定程度的视野改变。充分认识颅内疾患在眼科的表现,尤其是自动静态视野的表现,从眼科角度提高对颅内疾患的早期认识,以促进早期诊断。 相似文献
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首诊于眼科的颅内静脉窦血栓形成误诊分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的探讨眼科临床工作中颅内静脉窦血栓形成(cranialvenoussinusthrombosis,CVST)误诊的常见原因。方法回顾性分析21例CVST患者的临床资料与误诊情况。结果本组以头痛为首发症状者4例,视物模糊6例,头痛伴视物模糊4例,一过性黑朦2例,视力下降3例,视物变形1例,眼前黑影飘动1例。本组21例眼底检查均表现为视盘水肿。其中首诊时8例误诊为视神经乳头炎,3例误诊为视盘血管炎,2例误诊为视神经网膜炎,2例误诊为屈光不正、弱视,1例误诊为缺血性视神经病变,1例误诊为视盘玻璃膜疣。4例没有明确诊断,只诊为视盘水肿。结论采集病史和体检不够全面以及对CVST的临床特征缺乏深入的认识是眼科临床工作中CVST误诊的主要原因。 相似文献
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获得性免役缺陷综合征(acquired immune deficiencysyndrone,AIDS)又称为爱滋病。常常发生于性混乱、同性恋、静脉注射毒品、输血及使用血液制品者。本病不同时期均可以累及眼部,引起视力损害或丧失[1]。现将我院2000年3月—2006年3月眼科首诊确诊的6例AIDS进行分析,报告如下。6例病人均为眼科首诊,全部经过正规医疗机构检测出HIV阳性,并重复检测确诊。所有病例均排除其他原发疾病或眼科原发疾病。其中有1例病人曾按发热待查在内科治疗多天后因有眼部情况而转到眼科治疗。有全身表现者只有2例,1例表现为口腔多发性溃疡,1例有反复不明原… 相似文献
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非甾体抗炎药是一类化学结构不同、药理机制相近、具有抗炎及镇痛作用的药物。近年来,眼科非甾体抗炎药的应用逐渐广泛,其合理应用主要依赖于临床医生对此类药物作用、适应证、不良反应的了解与掌握以及临床应用经验的及时总结。 相似文献
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Prof. Dr Viggo Dreyer Jens Edmund P. M. Møller 《Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology》1992,81(1):87-96
In the last century German medical sciences made up the chief inspiration to the medical profession in Europe. The influence of German ophthalmology spread to Denmark, and accordingly the first Danish professor, Edmund Hansen Grut was trained in the Graefe clinic. His successor, Jannik Bjerrum grew up in southern Jutland, a district later on lost to the German Empire. The hitherto prevailing Danish sympathies with the neighbour in the south vanished after this. Bjerrum thus wrote all his papers in Danish and made no efforts to achieve an international reputation. In contrast, Marius Tscherning, received widespread recognition as a scientist. He spent many years in France. His scientific insights at last brought him to the Danish chair of ophthalmology. The history of the first three professors of ophthalmology, so different in their attitudes, has narrative value, but exemplifies as well the rapid development of the profession in the years 1886–1925. 相似文献
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Internet在眼科学中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍了Internet的基本功能:电子邮件,新闻组,通信讨论组,文件传输协议,远程登录,校园信息服务系统,全球信息网的基本概念和应用条件。重点介绍了与眼科学有关的Internet网址,并举例说明了如何通过这些网址获取眼科学的信息。 相似文献
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目的通过对《The Lancet》近15年来收录的关于眼科方面文献的搜索和阅读,更好地了解眼科临床研究的热点问题及突破性进展。设计文献检索分析。研究对象1995年1月-2009年4月《The Lancet》杂志。方法在Elsevier数据库中的所有字段(all fields)内输入Mesh词汇"ophthalnlologY”,查找出《The Lancet》收录的相关文献,并通过阅读摘要进一步筛选。主要指标文献种类。结果共纳入文献85篇,论著34篇(40.0%),病例报告18篇(21.2%),评论17篇(20.0%),讨论12篇(14.1%),综述4篇(4.7%)。其中,随机对照试验(RCT)文献10篇,占论著的29.4%(10/34)。按内容分类,关于疾病综合评论者33篇(38.8%);关于治疗者32篇(37.7%)。按疾病分类,关于沙眼和糖尿病性视网膜病变(DR)者均为12篇(14.1%),其中RCT设计分别为2篇和5篇。有关沙眼的文献中,关于治疗者5篇,关于预防、诊断和综合评价者2篇。而DR的文献主要集中在治疗方面(7篇),多在2007年之后(共8篇)。关于白内障的文献7篇,其中1篇为RCT设计。结论《The Lancet》近15年文献的分布情况表明,眼科临床研究的重点及热点是世界范围内的主要可防治性致盲性眼病。 相似文献
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Jason Noble Kirandeep Somal Harmeet S. Gill Wai-Ching Lam 《Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie》2009,44(5):513-518
Objective: To investigate the adequacy of undergraduate ophthalmology education in Canada in comparison with the International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) guidelines.Design: Cross-sectional survey.Participants: First-year residents who had graduated from Canadian medical schools.Methods: Eligible residents were invited to participate in an online survey in 2007. Data were categorized by demographic variables, and basic statistics were done.Results: Responses were obtained from 386 of the 1425 individuals (27.0%) contacted. The majority (64.0%) stated they had “too little” or “no exposure” to ophthalmology in medical school. The majority (76.2%) of respondents stated that they had had 1 week or less of overall exposure to ophthalmology. Sufficient exposure to several ICO core subspecialty areas was reported, including lens/cataract (81.1%) and cornea/external diseases (81.6%); however, some areas did not receive adequate time allocation, such as vitreoretinal disease (41.9%). Similarly, competency was obtained in certain ICO examination skills, including assessment of visual acuity (83.3%) and pupillary reflexes (90.7%) but was not achieved for other skills, such as fundoscopy (52.3%), slit-lamp examination (44.8%), and intraocular pressure assessment (19.9%). When asked whether sufficient ophthalmology knowledge and skills had been obtained during medical school, only 42.9% and 25.9% agreed, respectively.Conclusions: Undergraduate ophthalmology training in Canada contains gaps in certain key areas. Developing a national, standardized curriculum could ensure that medical students acquire competency in the ophthalmology knowledge and skills required for future clinical practice. 相似文献
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目的 探讨在眼科临床诊治过程中对首诊于眼科的良性颅内压增高症(BIH)误诊的常见原因.方法 回顾分析2005年3月至2012年3月神经内、外科及眼科收治的BIH病例51例,研究其临床资料及误诊情况.结果 51例病例中有35例误诊为眼部疾病,其中误诊为视盘血管炎15例(42.9%),视神经乳头炎9例(25.7%),视神经网膜炎3例(8.6%),缺血性视神经病变1例(2.9%),青光眼2例(5.7%),外展神经麻痹5例(14.3%).结论 询问病史和神经系统检查不全面以及对良性颅内压增高症的临床特征不了解是误诊的主要原因. 相似文献