中小学生视力保健行为评定问卷编制及其信效度评价

编制中小学生视力保健行为评定问卷并进行信、效度评价,为开展学生预防近视工作提供测评工具.方法 通过循证复习相关文献、专家咨询,构建包含57条项目的初始问卷.使用初始问卷对我国12个省市的47 951名中小学生进行问卷调查,使用两独立样本t检验、相关分析和因子分析等多种统计方法进行项目分析和信、效度评价.结果 “中小学生视力保健行为评定问卷”由一~三年级问卷(40个项目)、四~六年级问卷(43个项目)和初中问卷(43个项目)3份问卷组成,每份问卷包括10个维度;3份问卷的分半系数分别为0.847,0.874和0.863,Cronbachα系数分别为0.761,0.804和0.792;问卷具有较好的内容效度,探索性因子分析结果与理论构想基本一致.反应度分析结果显示,一年级、四年级及初一年级学生总问卷得分和高分项目选项数分别高于三年级、六年级及初三年级学生,差异均具有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).结论 “中小学生视力保健行为评定问卷”具有比较可靠的信度和效度,符合心理测量学要求,可用作中小学生预防近视工作的测评工具.     

中国不同民族中小学生视力保健行为与近视患病的关联

探讨中国不同民族中小学生的近视患病情况及视力保健行为的差异,分析视力保健行为与近视患病率之间的关联性,为青少年近视的防控提供理论依据.方法 采用分层抽样的方法,抽取全国12个省市43 771名在校中小学生,使用“中小学生视力保健行为评定问卷”进行无记名问卷调查,通过x2检验和方差分析,比较不同民族、不同年级中小学生近视患病率和持续用眼行为、饮食习惯及户外活动评分,以及近视与非近视学生视力保健行为的差异.结果 我国中小学生近视标化患病率汉族为33.5%,维吾尔族为20.6%,回族为25.9%,其他民族为20.1%;各民族不同年级组学生的近视患病率均为七~九年级组>四~六年级组>一~三年级组,差异具有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).一~三年级,四~六年级,七~九年级中小学生持续用眼行为、饮食习惯及户外活动情况等视力保健行为的民族间差异均具有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),三个年级组近视与非近视学生的视力保健行为除四~六年级组饮食习惯和户外活动外,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).结论 我国中小学生近视患病率较高,不同民族学生的近视患病率和视力保健行为存在较大差异,视力保健行为与近视患病情况存在生态学一致性.应加强学生对近视的认识,规范对学生视力保健行为的指导.     

郑州市视力不良中小学生视力保健行为调查

我国中小学生视力不良检出率呈逐年上升趋势[1-2].国内许多研究结果表明,视近活动和不良的用眼习惯是导致视力不良的主要因素[3-4].本研究通过对郑州市不同年级视力不良学生视力保健行为的比较,为有针对性地在中小学校开展预防近视工作提供参考依据. 1 对象与方法 1.1 对象 采用分层整群抽样方法,在郑州市随机选取城市初中、城市小学、乡村初中、乡村小学4类学校每类各2所,且均由1所重点学校和1所普通学校组成,共8所学校.小学至初中每个年级均选取2个班,原则上每个年级不少于100人.此次调查发放问卷4 401份,回收4 132份,有效问卷3 965份.     

郑州市中小学生视力保健行为及其对视力的影响

近年来,我国学生的近视患病率居高不下,且视力不良状况相当严重[1].陈国平等[2]研究指出,对于单纯性近视患者来说,视觉环境和行为因素是主要影响因素.本研究旨在了解郑州市中小学生的视力保健行为现状和教学卫生状况等对学生视力的影响,为学校和家庭正确预防学生近视提供参考和依据. 1 对象与方法 1.1对象 采用分层整群抽样方法,在郑州市随机选取城市初中、城市小学、乡村初中、乡村小学4类学校各2所,且均由1所重点学校和1所普通学校组成,共8所学校.从每个年级各选取2个班,原则上每个年级不少于100人.共发放问卷4 401份,回收4 132份,有效问卷3 965份,有效率为90.1%.     

太原市中小学生视力保健相关知识现况

了解太原市中小学生视力保健相关知识现况及获取方式,为开展有针对性的防近健康教育提供依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对太原市1 456名城乡中小学生进行视力保健相关知识问卷调查及视力检查.结果 学生主观认为视力不良率为49.2%,体检视力不良率为51.2%.视力保健相关知识得分城市学生(6.23±1.65)高于乡村学生(5.95±1.68),女生(6.26±1.60)高于男生(5.92±1.72),视力不良学生(5.80±1.74)高于视力正常学生(5.80±1.74),差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);视力保健相关知识得分随着年级的升高而增高.视力保健相关知识总体知晓率较低的问题包括视力不良的含义(34.4%),做眼保健操时眼睛应有酸胀感(49.2%),吃过多甜食、零食会影响视力(56.1%),初次配镜需要散瞳(64.7%).学生用眼知识主要来源于广播、电视、网络、报纸(57.9%),其次是医生(51.2%);而学生希望获取知识的途径首选医生(60.4%).结论 学生视力保健相关知识相对缺乏,亟需有效的干预.学生最希望从医生处获取相关知识,为开展干预提供了可能性.     

青少年亚健康多维评定问卷全国常模研制

目的 描述全国青少年身心亚健康症状的分布特征,制定全国常模.方法 在全国9个省市的9个城市选取城乡初中、高中以及大学共22 325名学生,运用<青少年亚健康多维评定问卷>进行评定,计算青少年学生在身心亚健康及其躯体、心理亚健康2个领域,以及躯体活力不足、生理功能减退,抵抗力下降、情绪问题、品行问题、社会适应困难6个维度的亚健康症状数的P<,85>,P90和P<,95>.结果 男、女生躯体、心理及总体亚健康症状检出率的差异无统计学意义.躯体、心理及身心亚健康症状检出率表现为高中较高,初中、大学较低,年级间差异有统计学意义.城乡学生躯体亚健康和身心哑健康症状的检出率差异无统计学意义.青少年学生躯体亚健康状态、心理哑健康状态、身心亚健康状态及其6个维度的P90的症状数高中最高,初中次之,大学最低.结论 可以用P90作为不同年级青少年学生躯体、心理、身心亚健康状态以及不同维度亚健康状态的划界值,作为我国青少年学生亚健康状态的流行病学判定标准.     

儿童视力保健相关行为评定量表的编制及信效度检验

目的 编制"儿童视力保健相关行为评定量表",为学生近视防制提供测评工具.方法 在文献查阅、专家访谈和专家咨询的基础上,编制苗表题项库,经试验性测试,形成含65条题项的初始问卷;初始问卷纶对585名上海市区一～五年级学生家长测试及探索性因子分析,形成含31条题项的测试问卷;采用测试问卷对840名整群抽取的上海市区一～五年级学生家长进行测试,并检验问卷的信度和效度.结果 "儿童视力保健相关行为评定量表"包含9个维度31条题项;量表的同质信度Cwnbach α系数为0.842,Guttman分半系数为0.610,重测信度为0.644;2位监护人平行测量得分经X2检验,P值均>0.05;结构分析显示,9个维度得分与总量表得分的相关系数在0.409～0.729之间,内容效度和结构效度均达到测量学要求.结论 儿童视力保健相天行为评定量表结构合理,符合心理统计学要求.     

石嘴山市中小学生视力状况及其影响因素分析

2005年公布的全国体质监测数据分析结果表明,我国中小学生视力不良率居高不下,问题相当严重[1].视力不良会直接影响青少年的学习和生活.为了解石嘴山市中小学生视力状况及影响因素,为学校预防近视工作提供新的科学依据.笔者根据2009年的健康体检结果及调查问卷,对石嘴山市中小学生视力不良影响因素进行初步探讨.     

中小学生视力保健行为及影响因素分析

目的 全面了解中小学生视力保健行为及其影响因素,为近视防治和教育、卫生部门决策咨询提供科学依据。方法 对广东省深圳市中小学生的基本情况及照明环境、用眼习惯等信息进行问卷调查,并采用量表评定视力保健行为。小学1~3年级问卷由父母或其他监护人填写,小学4~6年级及初中学生由教师和课题组成员采用集中自填式问卷法进行调查。结果 共调查深圳市重点学校中小学生1 645人和精华学校中小学生2 072人。其中女生（35.3%）、≥15岁（53.2%）、独生子女（39.8%）、父母近视（43.4%）、市区（40.2%）、重点学校（43.5%）近视率偏高。广义线性回归方程结果显示,中小学生年龄增长,用眼时间（B=0.246）及读写习惯（B=0.185）的危险度得分均逐渐增高;男生用眼时间（B=0.391）和用眼强度（B=0.724）的危险度得分高于女生（B=0）;父母近视学生的读写习惯（B=0.683）差于父母无近视的学生（B=0）;农村学生的视力保健行为（B=0.992）优于城市学生（B=0）。结论 用眼时间、读写习惯、用眼强度和视力保健行为受多种因素影响,在中小学生近视形成过程中发挥着重要作用。     

上海市某区小学生视力保健行为与视力的关联性分析

了解小学生视力保健行为与视力的关系,为有针对性地采取防治视力不良干预措施提供参考.方法 随机整群抽取上海市虹口区6所小学三、四年级学生共1 618名,对学生进行视力检查和“儿童眼保健相关行为评定量表(家长卷)”的问卷调查.结果 不同视力等级的学生“眼放松行为”“用眼距离”行为总分差异有统计学意义(F值分别为4.229,5.486,P值均<0.05);不同视力等级的学生,在双休日视屏时间,平均每日屈光时间、读写时间及视屏时间上差异有统计学意义(F值分别为3.237,3.084,2.970,2.651,P值均<0.05),视力等级越差,视近时间越短;视力正常学生的户外活动时间高于视力不良学生,但不同视力等级的学生户外活动时间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);在睡眠时间上,各视力等级学生组间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).结论 以学校为基础的行为干预,可以以眼放松行为、用眼距离为重点,应首先注重增加间歇休息习惯养成教育,注意改善学生用眼行为,增加户外活动.     

The Asthma Therapy Assessment Questionnaire (ATAQ) for children and adolescents.

The Asthma Therapy Assessment Questionnaire (ATAQ) for children and adolescents was developed to assist clinicians and health plans to identify children at risk for adverse outcomes of asthma. ATAQ is a brief, 20-item parent-completed questionnaire that generates indicators of potential care problems in several categories, including symptom control, behavior and attitude barriers, self-efficacy barriers, and communication gaps. This paper describes testing of the internal consistency and construct validity of the instrument. A cross-sectional mail survey with telephone follow-up was conducted with parents of 434 children aged 5-17 years being treated for asthma and enrolled in three managed care organizations in the Midwestern and Northeastern United States. ATAQ scales were evaluated using correlations with measures of health status, asthma impact, and healthcare utilization. ATAQ demonstrated good internal consistency and the hypothesized relationships to corresponding measures from existing instruments. Asthma control was significantly associated with measures of physical health, psychosocial health, resource use, and family impact. "Shared decision making," an indicator of patient-provider communication and involvement of the parent and child in developing asthma management plans, was significantly and positively associated with symptoms and parental satisfaction. Other ATAQ components showed similar associations. ATAQ appears to have satisfactory measurement properties and is ready for use to identify patients who might benefit from further disease management efforts or medical attention.     

2～3岁幼儿行为量表全国城市常模的制定

[目的]制定2～3岁儿童行为检查表中国城市常模。[方法]根据中国民族文化背景，在全国六大行政区16个省市的城区按随机原则分层抽取2468名2～3岁正常儿童，测查2～3岁CBCL六个行为因子(社交退缩、抑郁、睡眠问题、躯体诉述、攻击行为和破坏行为)及内向性、外向性和行为问题总分的均值、百分位及标准分，并进行信度、效度检验，制定全国城市常模。[结果]制定出常模的分半、复测信度、同质性信度及效度良好。[结论]该量表适用于我国2～3岁婴幼儿行为异常的评价，可为临床诊断和观察干预效果提供客观依据。     

The Prostate Care Questionnaire for Patients (PCQ-P): Reliability, validity and acceptability

Background  

In England, prostate cancer patients report worse experience of care than patients with other cancers. However, no standard measure of patient experience of prostate cancer care is currently available. This paper describes an evaluation of the reliability, validity and acceptability of the PCQ-P, a newly developed instrument designed to measure patient experience of prostate cancer care.     

The Prostate Care Questionnaire for Carers (PCQ-C): reliability, validity and acceptability

Background  

Patient experience is commonly monitored in evaluating and improving health care, but the experience of carers (partners/relatives/friends) is rarely monitored even though the role of carers can often be substantial. For carers to fulfil their role it is necessary to address their needs. This paper describes an evaluation of the reliability, validity and acceptability of the PCQ-C, a newly developed instrument designed to measure the experiences of carers of men with prostate cancer.     

Patient Experiences of Continuity of Cancer Care: Development of a New Medical Care Questionnaire (MCQ) for Oncology Outpatients

Objectives:  To adapt the Components of Primary Care Index (CPCI) to be applicable to oncology outpatients and to assess the reliability and validity of the adapted instrument (renamed the Medical Care Questionnaire [MCQ]).
Methods:  The development and validation of the MCQ took place in four phases. Phase 1 reviewed the literature and examined existing measures. In Phase 2, the selected instrument (CPCI) was reviewed by a panel of experts using a stepwise consensus procedure. In Phase 3, the adapted 21-item MCQ was administered to 200 outpatients attending oncology appointments. The instrument was refined to 15 items and in Phase 4, it was completed by 477 oncology outpatients. The psychometric properties of the new instrument were assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis, multitrait scaling analysis, and by comparing MCQ scores between known groups.
Results:  EFA of the 15-item MCQ suggested three subscales with acceptable to good reliability: "Communication"α = 0.69; "Coordination"α = 0.84; and "Preferences"α = 0.75. Comparing known groups showed that patients who saw fewer doctors during their clinic visits reported stronger "Preferences" to see their usual doctor and rated "Communication" with their doctors as better than patients who saw more doctors during their clinic visits.
Conclusion:  The MCQ demonstrates good psychometric properties in the target population. It is a brief and simple-to-use instrument, which provides a valid perspective on patients' experiences of communicating with doctors and their perceptions of the continuity and coordination of their cancer care.     

中学生生活事件多维评定问卷的编制和信效度检验

目的编制中学生生活事件多维评定问卷,为广大青少年心理健康工作者提供适宜的研究工具。方法结合文献综述、半结构式访谈等方法编制问卷,在某市3 732名初一至高三的中学生中应用,同时运用《焦虑自评量表》和《抑郁自评量表》评定焦虑和抑郁症状。综合运用t检验、相关系数等8种统计学方法及专家评议对问卷进行项目分析,同时检验其信、效度。结果经过项目分析,最终形成5个维度43个条目的问卷。该问卷的重测信度、Cronbachα系数、分半信度分别为0.891,0.923和0.880;问卷具有良好的内容效度,与焦虑和抑郁自评得分的相关系数分别为0.435和0.512(P值均0.01);因子分析结果显示问卷模式与理论构想一致。结论中学生生活事件多维评定问卷可作为评价中学生生活事件的有效工具,但仍需进一步进行实证研究。     

Assessment of self-injection experience in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: psychometric validation of the Self-Injection Assessment Questionnaire (SIAQ)

Background  

Subcutaneous self-injection of medication has benefits for the patient and healthcare system, but there are barriers such as dexterity problems and injection anxiety that can prevent self-injection being used effectively. An accurate method of evaluating patients' experiences with self-injection would enable assessment of their success in giving self-injections and the likelihood of them adhering to a self-injection regimen. The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire to measure overall patient experience with subcutaneous self-injection (the Self-Injection Assessment Questionnaire [SIAQ]), and to investigate its psychometric properties.