快速尿素酶法和美蓝染色法检测胃膜幽门螺杆菌：附390例…

目的 为评估快速素酶法和美蓝染液法检测胃粘膜活检组织的幽门螺直菌感染的优劣性。方法 对我院自１９９５年６－９月间的３９０例胃粘膜活检组织、每例制成二份标本分别用快速尿素酶法和美蓝染液法进行检测幽门螺杆菌的感染情况。结果 用快速尿素酶法检测幽门螺杆菌阳性２３４例，检出率为６０％，用美蓝染液法检测阳性２０７例，检出率为５３．０８％。两者检出率经统计学处理ｘ＾２＝０．８３７４，Ｐ〉０．０５无显著性差异。     

空肠弯曲菌hipO基因的Real-time PCR检测研究

目的建立基于新型Taqman荧光探针的荧光实时(Real-time)PCR方法用于空肠弯曲菌的筛选检测与快速鉴定。空肠弯曲菌(Campylobacter jejuni)是近十几年来在世界范围内广泛重视的人畜共患病原菌,可以导致人类的急性肠炎与食物中毒,并能引发格林-巴利综合征等并发症。为更好地利用分子生物学技术对空肠弯曲菌进行快速、准确的基因检测,本研究从样品增菌液与单菌落中提取细菌DNA,建立了针对空肠弯曲菌特异的hipO(hippuricase,马尿酸酶)基因的Real-time PCR方法,用于空肠弯曲菌的快速筛选检测与可疑菌落快速鉴定。试验结果表明,该方法检测细菌的灵敏度为1~10CFU,人工布菌鸡肉的检测灵敏度为1~10CFU。本研究所建立的空肠弯曲菌荧光实时PCR方法具有准确、可靠、快速的特点。     

四唑鎓盐法快速检测布鲁杆菌疫苗活菌含量的建立

目的通过四唑鎓盐（XTT）法检测布鲁杆菌疫苗的活菌含量,探讨XTT法快速检测布鲁杆菌活菌含量的可行性。方法将XTT法运用于布鲁杆菌疫苗活菌含量的检测,通过已知活菌浓度的布鲁杆菌液,制备XTT法的吸光值与布鲁杆菌苗活菌含量的关系参比曲线,并根据制备的参比曲线同样运用XTT法检测未知浓度的104M菌液的活菌量,比较传统活菌集落计数（CFU）法与XTT法两者检测布鲁杆菌活菌含量的相关性。结果 XTT法检测布鲁杆菌疫苗的最佳时间应在4 h左右,在一定范围内XTT法所测得的吸光值与细菌活菌含量有较好的相关性,相关系数r=0.997。运用10瓶布鲁杆菌疫苗,通过XTT法与CFU法检测其活菌含量,两者结果相关性较好,Spearman相关系数为0.879,P=0.001。结论 XTT法能在一定活菌浓度范围反应布鲁杆菌疫苗活菌含量,可为快速检测布鲁杆菌活菌含量提供一种新的参考方法。     

快速尿素酶法和美蓝染色法检测胃粘膜幽门螺杆菌——附390例对比分析

目的为评估快速素酶法和美蓝染液法检测胃粘膜活检组织的幽门螺杆菌感染的优劣性。方法对我院自１９９５年６～９月间的３９０例胃粘膜活检组织、每例制成二份标本分别用快速尿素酶法和美蓝染液法进行检测幽门螺杆菌的感染情况。结果用快速尿素酶法检测幽门螺杆菌阳性２３４例，检出率为６０％，用美蓝染液法检测阳性２０７例，检出率为５３０８％。两者检出率经统计学处理ｘ２＝０．８３７４，Ｐ＞００５无显著性差异。结论本文结果提示该两种方法的检出率无显著差异，在检测幽门螺杆菌感染中均可应用     

噻唑蓝快速测定不同抗结核药物对卡介苗活性的影响

目的 利用黄色染料噻唑蓝(MTT) 可被活细胞消耗成紫色的甲月替结晶,溶解后可通过分光光度法进行定量测定的原理,快速检测体外培养卡介苗对不同浓度抗结核药物的耐药性,从而建立一种快速结核耐药测定方法?方法 用酶联免疫检测仪测定四种抗结核药物利福平,链霉素,异烟肼,对氨基水杨酸在不同浓度下对卡介苗活性的影响程度?结果 卡介苗总数与MTT的消耗量呈线性关系,死亡的卡介苗不能消耗MTT,不同浓度的抗结核药物对BCG 消耗MTT 的抑制作用不同,呈剂量_ 效应关系?药物浓度高低与培养菌落数呈线形关系?结论 该法快速,敏感,便宜,可在3 天内得到结果并可用肉眼观察,结果稳定,重复性好,可用于快速测定不同抗结核药物对卡介苗活性的影响,并极有可能用于临床快速检测结核杆菌的耐药情况?     

新疆巴州地区一次性卫生用纸微生物指标检测分析

目的了解新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州(巴州)地区一次性卫生用纸微生物指标污染情况,以便为卫生行政部门科学管理生产和销售企业提供相关的检测依据。方法统计分析新疆巴州地区历年来一次性卫生用纸的微生物检测结果,并依据《一次性使用卫生用品卫生标准》GB15975-2002评价。结果巴州地区生产销售的一次性卫生用纸不合格的主要原因是细菌菌落总数超标,真菌菌落总数次之,大肠菌群和致病性化脓菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、溶血性链球菌)均未检出,这与监督采样检测和企业送检(c2=2.920)、本地和外地产品(c2=0.040)无关(P0.05),且细菌菌落总数(t=5.698)和真菌菌落总数(t=45.331)指标检测值总体与国家标准值比较为合格(P0.05)。结论巴州地区卫生行政部门在针对一次性卫生用纸企业的行政监管时,可根据企业卫生监督检测信用记录,建立起一套管理企业的奖励机制。     

甘肃省白银市城区学校附近早餐点卫生状况调查

目的了解甘肃省白银市城区学校附近早餐点的卫生状况,为预防食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样原则,2017年在白银市城区23所中小学校附近的快餐店、小吃店及流动摊点采集早餐样品,共采集4类216份。检测样品中的铝、大肠埃希菌、菌落总数、金黄色葡萄球菌和腊样芽胞杆菌5项指标,采用SPSS 17.0软件分析数据。结果 216份食品样品,检出铝216份、检出率100.0%,超标44份、超标率20.4%;大肠埃希菌超标18份、超标率8.3%,菌落总数超标37份、超标率17.1%,检出金黄色葡萄球菌5份、检出率2.3%,腊样芽胞杆菌11份、检出率5.1%;铝超标率炸类食品最高(41.5%),烙类食品中大肠埃希菌(20.0%)和菌落总数(34.3%)超标率最高;流动摊点食品中铝(27.0%)、大肠埃希菌(14.6%)和菌落总数(24.7%)超标率最高。结论甘肃省白银市城区学校附近早餐点卫生状况较差,食品部门应加大监管力度,保障广大学生早餐饮食安全,防止食源性疾病在学校群体性暴发。     

金葡菌的生长速度和凝固酶活性对巴马小型猪化脓性肝脓肿形成的影响

目的探讨金葡菌的生长速度和外毒素活性对巴马小型猪化脓性肝脓肿形成的影响。方法采用培养时间和菌液OD450吸光度值法描记细菌生长曲线;采用RT-PCR法检测凝固酶(coa)、溶血酶α(hla)和耐热核酸酶A(nuc A)的mRNA表达;采用试管法检测游离凝固酶、溶血法检测游离溶血酶和甲苯胺蓝DNA酶琼脂法检测游离耐热核酸酶的活性。结果金葡菌ATCC29213的生长速度显著快于ATCC 25923。ATCC 29213的凝固酶和耐热核酸酶A mRNA表达量显著高于ATCC 25923,但溶血酶α表达两者无显著性差异。ATCC 29213的游离凝固酶活性显著高于ATCC 25923,但其游离耐热核酸酶和游离溶血酶的活性显著低于ATCC 25923。结论金葡菌ATCC 29213引起巴马小型猪化脓性肝脓肿的机制可能与其生长速度快和游离凝固酶活性高相关。     

硝酸盐还原试验快速检测结核分枝杆菌药敏试验

目的探讨一种廉价、简便、快速的检测结核分枝杆菌药敏的方法。方法以绝对浓度法对照,对92株结核分枝杆菌进行硝酸盐还原酶试验,并比较两种方法。结果四种一线抗痨药物利福平、异烟肼、链霉素、乙胺丁醇的敏感度分别为96.83%、97.22%、94.11%、88.89%;特异度为92.59%、85.0%、87.80%、96.43%;符合率为93.48%、96.74%、91.30%、93.48%。两种方法无显著性差异,但硝酸盐还原酶法的检测时间要比绝对浓度法快2～3周。结论硝酸盐还原酶法是一种快速、准确检测结核药敏的方法。     

应用谭氏改良法染色的探讨

笔者以萋-纳二氏法与贵刊1989年11卷3期介绍的改良法进行迫试,结果200份痰标本,萋-纳二氏法和改良法阳性率分别为39.0％和36.5％;以全片1～3条菌的阳性痰10份和 ～ 的阳性痰20份进行检菌量的比较,前组萋-纳二氏法和改良法分别检菌16条和19条;后组萋-纳二氏法和改良法分别检菌557条和493条,两法阳性率及检菌量均无显著性差异,且改良法对某些菌株有褪色作用,故其是否理想,有待探讨。     

Lymph node mapping in rabbit liver cancer with nanocarbon and methylene blue injecta

ObjectiveTo discuss the value of lymph node mapping in rabbit liver cancer with nanocarbon and methylene blue injecta.MethodsRabbit liver cancer model was established by transplanting VX2 cells with laparotomy in celiac planting method. Twenty Japan white rabbits were divided into two groups randomly. Each group had 10 rabbits. Lymph node mapping in two groups rabbit liver cancer were observed. Two groups rabbit liver cancer and local lymph nodes were removed. The number and location of local lymph nodes were recorded, and then the samples were obtained from both groups.ResultsThe lymph nodes dyed time was (100.50±29.92) s in nanocarbon group, and (11.20±4.18) s in methylene blue group with statistical significance between two groups (P=0.000). In the comparison of lymph node fading time, nanocarbon group was (2.22±0.74) h, methylene blue group was (1.63±0.54) h, nanocarbon group was longer than the methylene blue group, but without statistical significance (P=0.058). The accuracy was 87.5% (35/40) in methylene blue group, while, the nanocarbon group was 87.2% (34/39), with statistical significance (P=1.000).ConclusionsExperimental results show that application of nanocarbon injection and methylene blue injection during resection of liver cancer and local lymph nodes in rabbit liver cancer model has obvious tracer function in liver cancer and lymphatic drainage. It can reduce the complexity and risk of the operation, and avoid the blindness in the process of traditional lymph node dissection surgery. Besides, they can effectively reduce the number of residual lymph nodes after operation. It can achieve the lymph node dissection more thoroughly, promptly, easily and safely.     

Methylene blue chromoendoscopy for Barrett's esophagus diagnosis

BACKGROUND: Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which the normal stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus is replaced by specialized intestinal metaplasia, that carries an increased risk for the development of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Dysplasia and initial stage carcinoma generally precede this neoplasm; the increased risk has led to attempts at early detection of these lesions through periodic upper endoscopy and biopsies. The continued rise in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus has fueled resurgent interest in the use of a variety of endoscopic techniques, like methylene blue chromoendoscopy, to improve the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus and associated complications. AIM: To determine if methylene blue chromoendoscopy directed biopsies offer advantage over the conventional technique in the detection of Barrett's esophagus. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Forty-five patients with previous diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus were enrolled in this study; all of them underwent upper endoscopy with random biopsies and upper endoscopy with methylene-blue directed biopsies within 4 weeks, in the period between April and October, 2002. RESULTS: Results of histologic examination of random biopsies and those of methylene blue directed biopsies were compared. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 62,5%, 15,4%, 57,7% and 18,2%, respectively. No significant differences were found in the total number of biopsy specimens. Differences were found in the total amount of time spent during each procedure (chromoendoscopy x conventional technique), with chromoendoscopy being significantly longer. CONCLUSION: We concluded that methylene blue chromoendoscopy offered no advantage over the conventional method in the diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus.     

染色法快速鉴别湖北钉螺死活的实验研究

目的 目的 寻找一种快速准确、 简便易行的鉴别湖北钉螺死活的方法。方法 方法 分别用0.05%中性红水溶性染液、 0.5% 甲基蓝染液、 红墨水、 伊红亚甲基蓝 （MEB） 染液、 0.4%台盼蓝对活、 死钉螺进行染色, 染色30 min后压碎螺壳, 体视显微镜 下观察软体组织着色情况。结果 结果 0.05%中性红可将活钉螺均染成红色, 死钉螺均未着色; 0.5%甲基蓝染色后, 活、 死钉螺 均不着色; 红墨水可将活、 死钉螺均染成红色; MEB染液可使部分活、 死钉螺着色; 0.4%台盼蓝可将活钉螺和部分死钉螺均 染成蓝色。结论 结论 使用0.05%中性红水溶性染色液对钉螺进行染色处理, 可快速、 准确、 客观地鉴别钉螺死活。     

Crystal violet chromoendoscopy with mucosal pit pattern diagnosis is useful for surveillance of short-segment Barrett's esophagus

BACKGROUND: Because of a rapid increase in the incidence of Barrett's cancer, the appropriate surveillance method for Barrett's esophagus is of interest. Methylene blue chromoendoscopy has been reported to be an effective and inexpensive method to improve biopsy surveillance of Barrett's epithelium. However, the usefulness of this method in short-segment Barrett's esophagus cases is still controversial. AIMS: This study was undertaken to evaluate the abilities of crystal violet and methylene blue chromoendoscopy to detect potentially dysplastic Barrett's epithelium in cases with short-segment columnar-appearing epithelium of the esophago-gastric junction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four hundred patients with endoscopically suspected short-segment Barrett's esophagus were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive chromoendoscopy with 0.05% crystal violet, 0.1% crystal violet, 0.5% methylene blue, or 1.0% methylene blue. During crystal violet and methylene blue chromoendoscopy, biopsy specimens were obtained from stained and unstained columnar-appearing epithelium of the esophago-gastric junction, and the detection rates of Barrett's epithelium were evaluated. The value of pit pattern diagnosis was also evaluated as a possible way to detect dysplastic Barrett's epithelium. RESULTS: Chromoendoscopy with 0.05% crystal violet detected histologically confirmed Barrett's epithelium with the highest sensitivity (89.2%) and specificity (85.7%). Crystal violet clearly stained both dysplastic and nondysplastic Barrett's epithelia and made the surface pit pattern easy to observe without using magnifying endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of crystal violet chromoendoscopy and pit pattern diagnosis is considered to be useful for the surveillance of short-segment Barrett's esophagus.     

Injection of methylene blue solution into the inferior mesenteric artery of resected rectal specimens for rectal cancer as a method for increasing the lymph node harvest

Background

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the injection of methylene blue solution into the inferior mesenteric artery could improve the lymph node harvest in rectal specimens of rectal cancer patients treated with rectal resection with total mesorectal excision.

Methods

The study group consisted of 20 randomly selected fresh rectal specimens from patients with stages I-III rectal cancer treated at the Surgery Clinic at the Institute of Oncology of Vilnius University during the period from February 2008 to December 2010, and 20 specimens were selected under the same conditions to serve as the control group. The patients underwent conventional rectal resection with total mesorectal excision and coloanal anastomosis for low rectal cancer performed by the same surgeon, did not receive preoperative radiotherapy and had no distant metastases. After the removal of the specimen, 30?ml of 0.5% methylene blue solution was injected into the inferior mesenteric artery of the specimens in the study group (methylene blue group). The specimens from both the methylene blue and control groups were examined using the standards established by the Lithuanian National Centre of Pathology. The pathologist was not required to make any special macroscopic preparations. A retrospective analysis of clinical and histopathological records was performed.

Results

Comparison of the mean lymph node harvest showed a significant difference between methylene blue and control groups with average lymph node numbers per specimen of 18?±?5 and 14?±?6, respectively (p?=?0.025). The specimens from 12 of the 20 patients in the methylene blue group and the specimens from 7 of the 20 patients from the control group had positive nodes.

Conclusions

Injecting methylene blue solution into the inferior mesenteric artery is an efficient and simple method for improving the lymph node harvest in the histopathological examination of rectal specimens of rectal cancer patients treated with rectal resection with total mesorectal excision.     

内镜下醋酸与美兰染色对胃黏膜肠上皮化生的诊断价值

目的比较内镜下醋酸与美兰染色对胃黏膜肠上皮化生的临床诊断价值。方法将陕西省榆林市星元医院2013年1月-2013年12月收治的疑似胃黏膜肠上皮化生患者240例按随机数字表法均分为A、B两组,A组采用醋酸染色,B组采用美兰染色,比较内镜下两种不同方法的诊断结果。结果 A组敏感性、特异性分别为87.6%、91.3%,B组分别为92.7%、90.9%;组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);B组阴性似然比低于A组,OR明显大于A组,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论内镜下醋酸与美兰染色都有助于诊断胃黏膜肠上皮化生,美兰染色诊断价值更高。     

Screening for specialized columnar epithelium with methylene blue: chromoendoscopy in patients with Barrett's esophagus and a normal control group

BACKGROUND: Barrett's esophagus is characterized by the presence of specialized columnar epithelium (SCE) in the distal esophagus and is a precursor for dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Methylene blue is used to selectively stain this type of epithelium within the columnar lined distal esophagus (CLE). The goal of our prospective study was to investigate the staining pattern with methylene blue in patients with visible CLE and a control group with macroscopically normal gastroesophageal junction. METHODS: Chromoendoscopy of the distal esophagus with 1% methylene blue was performed on a total of 73 patients (51 with visible CLE, 22 normal control subjects). Biopsies were targeted toward stained or macroscopically abnormal mucosal areas. Unstained CLE was sampled by obtaining 4-quadrant biopsy specimens at 2 cm intervals. RESULTS: The targeted biopsy of stained areas provided histologic proof of SCE with a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 61%. The detection of SCE increased with this method in patients with visible CLE (75%), but SCE was also prevalent in the control group (73%). Areas that by their appearance raised a suspicion for dysplasia and adenocarcinoma were already endoscopically apparent in 3 of 4 cases before methylene blue staining and showed different staining patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Methylene blue staining increases the rate of detection of SCE, both in patients with visible CLE and with normal gastroesophageal junction. For detection of dysplastic or malignant areas it is important to look for visible mucosal changes.     

Comparison of methylene blue-directed biopsies and four-quadrant biopsies in the detection of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and early cancer in Barrett''s oesophagus

BACKGROUND: Barrett's oesophagus embodies the risk of malignant transformation. High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus are often discrete or macroscopically occult lesions and show a patchy distribution and therefore, directed biopsies in combination with four-quadrant random biopsies are the gold standard for surveillance. AIMS: The aim of this prospective study was to compare methylene blue staining and random biopsies in patients with early Barrett's neoplasia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-six patients (mean age 65+/-8 years) with histologically proven but macroscopically in evident high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (n=17) or early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus (n=69) on HR-endoscopy with all together 98 lesions, were included. In the first step, four-quadrant random biopsies were taken during routine endoscopy (group I). In a second step, staining was performed with a 0.5% solution of methylene blue with a spray catheter. Biopsies of focal areas with decreased stain, heterogeneity of stain or absence stain were taken (group II). RESULTS: In 75/86 patients, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus could be diagnosed in the methylene blue group while 56 patients were determined in the random biopsies group (P=0.053). High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or early cancer was diagnosed in significantly more methylene blue-directed biopsies (80.9% versus 26.4%, P<0.005) and also significantly more lesions could be identified in the methylene blue group (96/98; 98%) while in the random biopsies group only 58/98 lesions (59%) could be localised (P<0.05). When methylene blue was used (1217 versus 562, P<0.0001), the average number of specimens taken with methylene blue per patient was about half of that with random biopsy (6.5 versus 14.1, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Chromoendoscopy with methylene blue diagnosed significantly more patients and lesions with intraepithelial neoplasia or early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus compared to random biopsies. In addition, significantly less biopsies were needed with methylene blue compared to random biopsies. The use of methylene blue-directed biopsies appears to improve the detection of intraepithelial neoplasia and early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus.     

Studies of the efficacy and potential hazards of methylene blue therapy in aniline-induced methaemoglobinaemia

S ummary . The similarity between poison and antidote was known to the ancient Greeks who used the same word, pharmakon, for both. This paper presents evidence that aniline (the toxin) and methylene blue (the therapy) are in fact remarkably similar and additive in some of their effects on erythrocytes. Studies were prompted by a case of aniline-induced methaemoglobinaemia in which two injections of methylene blue did not rapidly eliminate cyanosis and were followed by severe, delayed haemolysis. Interactions between aniline and methylene blue were studied in cats which, although showing important differences from man in their haemoglobin and splenic vasculature, represent a useful model. Methylene blue potentiated the oxidative denaturation of haemoglobin by aniline as judged by the size and number of Heinz bodies and their turbidity in haemolysate. It also aggravated and prolonged the fall in erythrocyte reduced glutathione content which occurred at a time of maximum Heinz body production. While methylene blue in judicious dosage will reduce the content of methaemoglobin after aniline exposure, it may not eliminate visible cyanosis. Repeated injections of methylene blue can markedly aggravate subsequent haemolysis without further lowering methaemoglobin content.     

The Loeffler's methylene blue stain: An inexpensive and rapid method for detection of Helicobacter pylori

Abstract Loeffler's methylene blue, commonly used as a counter-stain for acid fast bacilli, was used to detect Helicobacter pylori in paraffin sections and touch smears of gastric mucosal biopsies from 15 patients with duodenal ulcer and 35 with non-ulcer dyspepsia, and the results were compared with the modified Giemsa stain. The time taken to stain smears by Loeffler's methylene blue was approximately 10 min and the results correlated well with those stained by the modified Giemsa stain. However, the Loeffler's methylene blue method was found to be simpler, quicker and cheaper than the modified Giemsa stain.