前牙E-max铸瓷贴面的临床应用

目的观察瓷贴面在前牙美容修复中的应用及其临床效果。方法通过19位患者46颗前牙行E-max铸瓷贴面修复,随访两年,定期检查其临床指征如修复体完整度、颜色满意度、边缘适合性、术后敏感、牙龈炎性反应等,并对其进行评价。结果经过两年的临床观察,瓷贴面的存留率约为92%;约有5%的患者认为颜色或透光度略有不协调,但均能接受;13%的患者初期有轻度冷热刺激敏感,症状随时间的延长均有好转;2%的修复体龈缘出现轻微充血;95%的修复体边缘适合性良好。结论 E-max全瓷贴面美容修复前牙,其牙体预备少,颜色美观自然,是一种可靠、理想的前牙美容修复技术。     

全瓷贴面在前牙美容修复中的疗效观察

目的：探讨全瓷贴面在前牙美容修复中的疗效。方法：选择97颗前牙,全瓷贴面修复,并进行2年的随访,采用美国公共健康协会的修正标准进行评价分析。结果：97颗全瓷贴面在修复完成后6个月,六项评价指标均达到A级;修复完成后1年,修复体周围龋：2颗达到B级;修复完成后2年,2例患者(3颗牙)失访,修复体周围龋：2颗B级、1颗C级,修复体折断：1颗B级,基牙松动：2颗B级。结论：全瓷贴面在前牙美学修复中的临床效果是非常理想的。     

CEREC 3制作全瓷贴面修复前牙的临床观察

目的:观察应用Cerec 3系统制作全瓷贴面修复前牙的临床效果.方法:选取18例患者32颗因变色或龋坏的前牙,使用Cerec 3系统制作全瓷贴面.修复后追踪观察3年,按照改良的美国公共健康协会(USPHS)标准对进行临床观察.结果:瓷贴面修复3年后边缘适合性达94％,外形达97％,表面质地达94％,颜色匹配稍差,也达91％.各项指标都达到了B标准,其中外形匹配最令人满意.结论:CEREC3瓷贴面可满足前牙美容修复需要,恰当的染色、上釉有助于提升美观效果.     

IPS e.max Press全瓷贴面在前牙修复中的应用

目的 评价IPS e.max Press全瓷贴面在前牙美容修复应用中的临床疗效.方法 对52例患者的103颗前牙进行IPS e.max Press全瓷贴面修复,于修复体粘接后每半年进行复查评价其临床效果.结果 经过2年的复查,有1个瓷贴面发生折裂,2个出现裂纹,2颗贴面修复的基牙有轻度的牙龈炎症,无瓷贴面脱落.结论 IPS e.max Press全瓷贴面修复能有效保存牙体组织,获得满意的美学修复效果,在前牙美容修复中具有良好的应用前景.     

全瓷贴面修复前牙切缘切角缺损的临床效果观察

目的评价全瓷贴面修复前牙切缘切角缺损的治疗效果。方法对242颗切缘切角缺损的前牙进行全瓷贴面修复,追踪随访5年,评价临床疗效。结果全瓷贴面治疗前牙切缘切角缺损,2年成功率为98.6%,5年成功率为96.8%。结论对于前牙切缘切角缺损,全瓷贴面具有牙体预备量少,美观不变色,5年成功率高等优点,可作为前牙切缘切角缺损首选的修复方法。     

Cerinate瓷贴面在牙齿美容修复中的临床应用

目的：通过对58例患者382颗瓷贴面修复效果的临床观察,评价该技术在牙科美容中的作用.方法：门诊选择382颗需要美容修复的前牙和前磨牙,使用Cerinate瓷贴面修复系统进行修复,于修复后1周、6个月、1年、2年、3年和5年复诊,对患者满意度、贴面脱落、折裂、边缘适合性、修复体颜色及牙龈健康情况等进行评价.结果：临床调查结果显示,1年内100%的瓷贴面具有良好的边缘适合性及牙龈健康状况,修复体色泽稳定,有2个修复体折裂重新制作,3个脱落并再行粘结,1颗牙出现加重的敏感症状而行根管治疗术.所有患者对修复效果均非常满意.结论：Cerinate瓷贴面修复系统是一种可靠的、理想的前牙美容修复方法.     

全瓷贴面的临床应用

目的：观察全瓷贴面用于变色前牙修复的临床效果。方法：选择38例患，共制作全瓷贴面152颗，随诊30个月，通过临床检查和患主观评价，观察临床效果，结果：临床检查修复效果显，患主观感觉光滑舒适，无牙龈炎症，无牙髓反应，结论：全瓷贴面修复效果好，是较为理想的变色前牙美容修复体。     

前牙氧化锆全瓷单冠修复的短期临床效果评价

目的 对56例前牙缺损患者行LAVA氧化锆全瓷冠修复的短期临床效果进行评价及分析。方法 选取56例前牙缺损、行LAVA氧化锆全瓷单冠修复的患者按照标准程序制作全瓷修复体85颗,对修复后3个月、6个月及12个月进行临床随访调查,并由患者根据评价疗效、填写修复满意度调查表,根据改良USPHS 标准对全瓷冠修复体的临床疗效进行评价。结果 12个月内的随访中,56例患者85个修复体其各项指标都达到Bravo标准。修复体颜色匹配率达到Alpha标准的97.6%,修复体外形达到Alpha标准的97.6%。修复体的边缘适合性达到指标的Alpha标准的84.7%,其中有15.3%处在Bravo标准上。修复体的材质达到Alpha标准95.3%。结论 LAVA全瓷单冠修复体的外形美观、层次感强、对前牙缺损病例修复效果较好。     

全瓷贴面的临床应用分析

目的观察全瓷贴面在前牙的临床修复效果。方法收集67颗全瓷贴面修复的患牙,12～24个月定期复诊,详细记录患者对颜色的满意度、边缘的适合性及修复体着色情况,并分析其原因。结果67颗全瓷贴面牙,失败5颗,成功率为92.53%。结论全瓷贴面对四环素牙、氟斑牙、釉质发育不全、牙齿钙化不全、牙列稀疏（间隙小于3mm）、轻度错位牙、覆在正常范围内的轻度上颌前突牙等具有较好的临床修复效果。     

IPS-Empress瓷贴面在前牙美容修复中的临床应用

目的:评价IPS-Empress瓷贴面在前牙美容修复中的临床效果。方法:收集29例52颗全瓷贴面修复的前牙,定期随访2年。详细记录颜色匹配、表面质地、边缘着色和边缘完整性。结果:52颗瓷贴面,失败3颗,(1个折裂,1个脱落,1个贴面颜色偏差较大)。成功率为94.23%。结论:瓷贴面对四环素牙、氟斑牙、釉质发育不全、牙列稀疏(间隙小于3 mm)、轻度错位牙等具有较好的临床修复效果。     

超薄瓷贴面前牙美学修复的临床效果评价

目的：评价超薄瓷贴面在前牙美学修复中的临床效果。方法对64例要求前牙美学修复患者的112颗前牙进行超薄瓷贴面修复,追踪24个月,采用改良加利福尼亚牙科协会-瑞格（Ryge）标准,对修复效果进行评价。结果在12个月复查时有2颗贴面发现切端折裂。在24个月复查时有1颗贴面发现远中切角部分折裂;另有1颗贴面边缘可探及间隙;5颗贴面边缘有较明显着色。所有复诊病例均未出现牙敏感及牙龈炎。结论超薄瓷贴面牙体预备量少,修复强度高,不易脱落折裂,具有良好的临床修复效果。     

Porcelain laminate veneers. A retrospective evaluation after 1 to 10 years of service: Part I--Clinical procedure

PURPOSE: Currently available clinical studies on porcelain laminate veneers seem to support their use as a standard treatment method in modern restorative dentistry. The purpose of this study, which comprises 3 parts, was to evaluate the clinical applicability and the survival probability of porcelain laminate veneers for an observation period of up to 10 years. This first part of the study describes the step-by-step clinical procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The reasons for provision of porcelain laminate veneers were mainly for the treatment of worn anterior teeth, surface enamel defects, intrinsic discolorations, and hypoplasia. As the treatment time for try-in, cementation, and finishing of veneers differs significantly from that needed for conventional restorations, the total time required for veneer treatment was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 205 porcelain laminate veneers, 117 in the maxilla and 88 in the mandible, was placed in 72 patients (43 females and 29 males). Mean cementation time was 38.7 minutes, which increased significantly to 43.9 minutes if single discolored teeth were being restored. Clinical experience and a familiarity with the strict step-by-step procedure followed throughout the study reduced the mean treatment time from 40.8 minutes during the first 5 years to 36.7 minutes in the following years. CONCLUSION: The porcelain laminate veneer concept provides excellent esthetic and conservative restorations, but it should be stated that the cementation and finishing procedure is highly time consuming.     

前牙超薄瓷贴面美学修复32例临床疗效观察

目的：评价超薄瓷贴面前牙美容修复的临床效果。方法：因四环素牙、氟斑牙、牙釉质发育不全、牙间隙过大、牙齿缺损、增龄性变黄等原因需行前牙美容修复的患者32例,108颗牙,用超薄热压铸瓷贴面进行修复。术后1、6、12、24、36个月,按照美国公共健康协会的修正标准（USPHS）进行评估。结果：经过3年的临床观察,108颗瓷贴面中有2颗折裂,修复体成功率98．1％。吸烟患者的边缘着色率明显高于不吸烟患者。结论：超薄热压铸造瓷贴面具有磨除牙体组织少、瓷贴面修复体强度高等特点,具有良好的临床修复效果。     

546例四环素牙烤瓷贴面修复的临床观察

目的 通过546颗前牙瓷贴面修复效果的临床观察，评价该项技术刘四环素变色牙的修复效果。方法 546颗四环素变色牙用Cerinate瓷贴面修复系统进行修复，用改良Ryge评价方法，观察经0.5年、1.5年和2.5年临床使用后贴面的边缘适合性、颜色稳定性及患者对颜色的满意程度。结果 临床调查结果表明，99%的瓷贴面具有优良的边缘适合性，整体脱落率低于1%；瓷贴面颜色稳定；患者对该项修复的长期效果非常满意。结论 研究表明，Cerinate瓷贴面修复系统是一种可靠的、理想的四环素前牙修复方式。     

Retrospective study on the performance of porcelain laminate veneers delivered by undergraduate dental students

The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical performance of porcelain laminate veneer restorations delivered by undergraduate students at the Department of Restorative Dentistry, University Dental School and Hospital Cork and to analyze the factors that influence their prognosis and their effect on periodontal health. Patients who had veneers fitted over a period of 5 yrs. were recalled for evaluation. The recall protocol took the form of a questionnaire and a full clinical examination of the teeth involved and contra lateral control teeth. In all, 29 patients with 62 porcelain veneers were examined, only 2 of which were in the mandible. 77% of patients had veneers fitted due to discolouration, 13% in order to alter the shape or size of teeth and 10% due to palatal erosion. On the date of recall 89% of veneers had never debonded or fractured, 6% had to be rebonded since the date of insertion and 5% presented with a fracture. From this study it appears that porcelain laminate veneers are successful in the treatment of discoloured and irregular configured anterior teeth. It shows that undergraduate students can deliver satisfactory veneer restorations.     

瓷贴面美容性修复四环素牙的临床应用

目的：探讨一种较理想修复四环素牙的方法。方法：应用瓷贴面修复中度四环素牙114颗。唇面均匀磨除0．5mm，终止线位于龈下0．5mm。在耐火代型上制作瓷贴面，粘结面用氢氟酸超声酸蚀30秒。用Cerinate烤瓷贴面专用粘结剂粘固。结果：114个贴面经3年观察，总成功率95．6％。结论：瓷贴面具有脱落率低，美观，耐磨损，抗着色及对牙龈组织无刺激等优点，是修复四环素牙的一种较理想方法。     

Clinical evaluation of 546 tetracycline-stained teeth treated with porcelain laminate veneers

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical result of 546 tetracycline-stained teeth restored with a porcelain laminate veneer system (Cerinate, Den-Mat, USA) for aesthetic reasons. METHODS: Tetracycline-stained teeth (546) were restored with a porcelain veneer system, and bonded with Ultra Bond resin cement. The restorations were recalled after 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 years, respectively. Modified Ryge criteria were used to evaluate the veneers marginal adaptation, interfacial staining, secondary caries, postoperative sensitivity and the patients' satisfaction of the colour of the restorations. RESULTS: This study found that 99% veneers had excellent marginal adaptations; and less than 1% veneers required rebonding in the first 6 months; the colour of the veneers was stable and no evident staining was found. Almost all patients were satisfied with the colour match of their restorations 1 year after placement. CONCLUSIONS: The research indicated that the porcelain veneer restoration system under investigation provided a reliable and highly satisfactory choice for the aesthetic restoration of tetracycline-stained teeth.     

变色牙瓷贴面修复的临床初步观察及有关问题的探讨

目的：观察Ｃｅｒｉｎａｔｅ烤瓷贴面的近期临床效果并探讨相关的几个问题。方法：通过耐火包埋料制作瓷贴面技术修复了８例５２个变色牙，观察了３月～６月的临床效果。结果：５２个牙齿在３月～６月内未发生脱落、染色或牙龈炎症，取得了满意的临床效果。结论：Ｃｅｒｉｎａｔｅ是一种较理想的瓷贴面修复材料，遮色瓷的应用有助于变色牙颜色的遮盖，对粘结强度没有直接影响。     

烤瓷贴面治疗变色牙的临床疗效

目的：观察烤瓷贴面治疗变色牙的临床疗效。方法：应用烤资面法治疗116个变色牙；并以复合树脂贴面治疗106个变色牙作对照。跟踪观察2年，比较其临床效果。结果：按颜色、外形、功能、感觉进行检查，用烤瓷贴面治疗者2年疗效优于84牙（72．4％），一般32牙（27．6％）。用复合树脂治疗者2年疗效优66牙（62．26％），一般25牙（23．58％），失败15牙（14．15％）。结论：烤瓷贴面治疗变色牙的2年临床疗效较复合树脂贴面好，但远期疗效有待进一步研究。     

Clinical performance of porcelain laminate veneers without incisal overlapping: 3-year results

The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the performance of 135 porcelain laminate veneers placed on anterior teeth without incisal preparation. Only 0.3–0.5 mm of the facial enamel was removed using a tapered round-ended diamond bur. The veneers were fabricated from a sintered feldspathic porcelain, etched and silanized and then bonded with a light-cured composite lute. The veneers were yearly examined clinically for debonding, chipping, marginal integrity and staining. After 3 years of service all veneers were retained. Incisal chipping occurred in seven veneered teeth. Wear and staining were negligible. It was concluded that this minimal porcelain veneer restoration with no incisal overlapping was conservative, predictable and successful.